1、阅读理解高考押题专练一、After being born at the end of 1932，Mr Cameron Senior suffered a lot with both legs shortened below the knee and his feet twisted.He went under numerous operations to ease his pain，and eventually both limbs(下肢) had to be cut off.But despite his disability and later losing the sight in on
2、e eye，Mr Cameron Senior still gained a successful career as a stockbroker(股票经纪人)After moving to England from Scotland as a child，he married Mary and the couple raised four children at the family home in Peasemore，Berks.In an interview with TheDailyTelegraph two years ago，the Tory leader described th
3、e experience of growing up with a father with a disability.He told how once they were on holiday in Cornwall，he overheard someone rudely saying：“That guys wearing funny boots.” Mr Cameron(英国前任首相卡梅伦) said he thought to himself，“Thats odd，no one ever says that.”In an ITV interview before the general e
4、lection，Mr Cameron said of his father，“Hes an amazingly brave man because he was born with no heelsquite a disability.But the glass with him was half-full，normally with something alcoholic，I think I got my sense of optimism from him.”Mr Cameron also appeared with his parents at an event and said tha
5、t they understood his idea for “A Big Society”“They showed me how a big society could work every day I was growing up，” he said，“I know what are my responsibilities.” Mr Cameron Seniors disability is not thought to have played any part in his death aged 77.Friends said he was “so proud” to see his s
6、on become Prime Minister in May，and had visited 10 Downing Street and Chequers.However，the familys various holiday plans meant that he did not get to meet his latest granddaughter Florence，who was delivered to the PMs wife Samantha last month.语篇解读本文主要介绍了英国前任首相卡梅伦的父亲，一位身有残疾却凭着坚韧毅力取得非凡成就的股票经纪人。1What i
7、s the passage mainly about?AThe life and character of Mr Cameron Senior.BA huge hero figure in the eyes of son.CThe newly elected Prime Minister.DA disabled father and his career.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章前面讲述的是老卡梅伦的出生、职业、婚姻等内容，均是为文章下文作铺垫的，目的在于说明儿子眼中的父亲是一个什么样的人。故选B。2In the text，the underlined part “the Tory
8、leader” in Paragraph 3 refers to “”AMr Cameron SeniorBTheDailyTelegraphCa leader in the governmentDFormer Prime Minister David Cameron【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍的是英国前首相卡梅伦的父亲，因此此处的“保守党领袖”指的应是戴维卡梅伦。故选D。3When Mr Cameron heard the rude words，.Ahe exploded with anger all of a suddenBhe thought the man
9、was too foolishChe was shocked and unable to understandDhe expected it a long time ago【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Thats odd，no one ever says that.”可知，当Mr Cameron听到这句粗鲁的话时，感到很奇怪，因为以前从来没有人这么说过。故选C。4According to Mr Cameron，“A Big Society” means “”Apeople take up their duties in the societyBthere are num
10、bers of families in the societyCmuch freedom will be offered to the peopleDmany events will take place in the future【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Mr Cameron的话“They showed me how a big society could work every day I was growing up，he said，I know what are my responsibilities.”可知，在成长过程中他深深地理解了a big society的含义，
11、认为在这个社会中，每个人都应该承担自己的责任。故选A。5From the last paragraph we can know that .AFlorence was adopted by the PMs wifeBthe disability caused Mr Cameron Senior deathCMr Cameron Senior lived in 10 Downing StreetDMr Cameron Senior took a pride in having such a son【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Friends said he was so prou
12、d to see his son become Prime Minister in May”可知，卡梅伦的父亲因儿子成为首相而感到自豪。故选D。二、Enrique Iglesias is a most successful singer! Born in 1975 in Madrid，Spain，Enrique is the child of the famous singer Julio Iglesias.Enriques mother is a journalist.His parents divorced in 1978.Although Enrique lived with his m
13、other，she sent him to live with his father because of concerns about her sons safety.Enrique wanted to be a singer secretly，he didnt wish his father to know that and didnt want to live under his shelter.He sought his dream on his own.Enrique released(发行) his first album “Enrique Iglesias” in 1995.Th
14、is album had a collection of rock ballads(民谣) and five singles from it went straight to the top spots in Latin music.This album was followed by another “Vivir” in 1997.Three singles from this album occupied the top spots on the Latin charts yet again! Enrique also found himself nominated(提名) for the
15、 “Favorite Latin Artist” at the American Music Awards.By 1998，he had released his 3rd album，“Cosas Del Amor”This year Enrique won the “Favorite Latin Artist”“Bailamos” got him great fame.One of the songs in this album was also used in a movie.With the success of “Bailamos”，Enrique now already had ma
16、ny loyal fans.The album，“Enrique”，was released in 1999.The year 2001 brought more success for him.His album，“Escape” had a few singles that reached the top spots.Enrique became a household name.This album is his biggest successful album so far.“Hero” and “Dont Turn Off the Lights” soon turned Enriqu
17、e into a super star.His next release in 2002 was a Spanish album “Quizas”This album brought Enrique a “Latin Grammy Award” for the Best Pop Vocal Album.In 2007，he released another album “Insomniac” and the song “Do You Know” became an instantly popular song.语篇解读本文讲述了西班牙歌手安立奎伊格莱希亚斯的个人经历。6After his pa
18、rents divorced，Enrique was sent to his fathers because .Ahe could be protected from some dangersBhe could learn singing from his talented fatherChis mother would be able to focus on her careerDhis father could teach him how to behave correctly【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Enriques mother is a journalist.”
19、及第五句“Although Enrique lived with his mother，she sent him to live with his father because of concerns about her sons safety.”可知他的母亲是个记者，他被送到父亲那里，是因为母亲担心儿子的安全问题。故选A项。7Enrique didnt tell his father about his dreaming of becoming a singer because he .Awanted to try a new singing styleBhated his father f
20、or his carelessnessCdidnt want to benefit from his fathers fameDplanned to give his father a surprise when he succeeded【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Enrique wanted to be a singer secretly，he didnt wish his father to know that and didnt want to live under his shelter.”可知选C项。8Which of the following albums
21、 has a song adopted in a movie?A“Vivir”B“Bailamos”C“Enrique Iglesias”D“Cosas Del Amor”【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This year Enrique won the “Favorite Latin Artist”“Bailamos” got him great fame.One of the songs in this album was also used in a movie.”可知“Bailamos这张专辑让他成名，这张专辑中的一首歌被用在电影中，故选B项。9The third par
22、agraph is developed mainly by .Afollowing the order of his albums influenceBanalyzing the style of his albumsCmaking comparisons of his albumsDfollowing the order of time【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段提到的时间状语，可知是按时间排列，故选D项。10What would be the best title for the passage?AEnrique Iglesias Lucky LifeBBiography of
23、 Enrique IglesiasCEnrique Iglesias Secret to SuccessDEnrique Iglesias Wonderful Singing Skills【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。本文讲述了西班牙歌手安立奎伊格莱希亚斯的个人经历，故选B项。三、Its hard to find Alice Munro in the media.Even after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature，the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and the
24、n dropped out of sight.On Dec 29th，she still didnt seek the spotlight when she was named one of the five Women of the Year by the FinancialTimes.In Munros eyes，ordinary lives always hide larger dramas.So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people.She often focuses
25、 on life in her hometown，a small village in Ontario which she is most familiar with.She writes about the ordinary things in the villagetrees in the Ontario wilderness，poor country schools and long last illnesses.Above all，she talks about girls and women who have seemingly ordinary lives but struggle
26、 against daily misfortune.She has a special talent for uncovering the extraordinary in the ordinary.These are ordinary people，ordinary stories，but she has the magic.Her precise language，depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting.Runaway，one of Munros representat
27、ive works，is a good example of her writing style.One of the stories centers on the life of an ordinary woman Carla，who lives in a small Canadian town with her husband Clark.The story slowly forms a picture of Carla，trapped in a bad marriage，her unhappiness building into desperation until she decides
28、 to flee.The story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals of love.It is about lost children and lost chances that we can all find in life.There is pain beneath the surface，like a needle in the heart.Since she published her first collection of short stories in 1968，Munro has won many awards，w
29、ith the Nobel Prize being her biggest honor.On Oct 10th,2013，the Nobel Prize committee named Munro the “master of the contemporary short story”语篇解读本文介绍了Alice Munro及其创作风格。11We learn from Paragraph 1 that Alice Munro .Adidnt get on well with the mediaBwas surprised at winning the Nobel PrizeCdidnt val
30、ue the title of Women of the YearDremained modest though very successful【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。由第一段第一句及后面举的两个例子可知选D。12Many of Alice Munros works .Acenter on the happy life of country womenBare about betrayals of love and violenceCfocus on everyday life of ordinary peopleDare romantic stories set in her home
31、town【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的“So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people.long last illnesses.”可知答案为C。13What makes Alice Munros stories fascinating according to the text?AThe complicated plots.BHer rich imagination.CThe humorous language.DHer writing techniques.【答案】
32、D【解析】细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Her precise language，depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting.”可知，Alice Munro的作品之所以吸引人是因为她高超的写作技巧。14In her representative work Runaway，Carla .Atries to run away from her husbandBis a faithful wife to her husbandCleads a happy life with Clar
33、kDloses all hopes for a better life【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“.she decides to flee”可知答案。15What is the text mainly about?AAlice Munro and her hometown.BAlice Munro and her writing style.CAlice Munros representative works.DThe awards Alice Munro won.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Alice Munro及她的写作风格。四、Since 2011，the
34、 former railway engineer has been driving around the city every single day，looking for abandoned tar(柏油) and gravel(碎石) on roadsides.He collects the material and uses it to fill potholes(坑洼)，at times spending his own pension money to do it.Tilak，earning himself the nickname “road engineer”，doesnt re
35、strict himself to his neighborhoodhe patches up every pothole he can find in the city.“After working for the South Central Railway in India for 35 years，I retired in October 2008 and spent some time off in 2009，also traveling to the US to meet my son，”Tilak told the local media.“In January 2010，I ca
36、me back and took up a job as a consultant in a software agency.”“I was driving to my first day of office when I ended up splashing dirty mud water on school children after my car fell into a pothole on the road，” he recalled.“Then a few more accidents followed at various places.” He kept explaining
37、to the police that these accidents wouldnt have occurred if the roads had been smooth.But then he witnessed a major accident that changed everything.Tilak decided to take charge of matters himself.“After that，I quit my job and for the next year till June 2012，I spent my pension money in fixing roads
38、，” he said.Tilaks wife was worried about his health and called his son to talk some sense into him.But the son was so impressed that he ended up helping Tilak instead，by setting up a website and Facebook page.As more and more residents got to know of it，they began to show up and help Tilak fix the c
39、itys potholes.Today，they even have a helpline where people can call to complain about potholes in their areas.Tilaks son also managed to get the government on their side.Tilak doesnt accept donations，but he encourages people to join in the physical work.He hopes that with media attention，he can insp
40、ire a change in the attitude of the general public.He believes that the “nothing-can-be-done” attitude is what limits a lot of people in the city，and he wants that to change.语篇解读文章主要讲述了Tilak 在印度中南部铁路工作了35年，退休回到家后继续用自己的钱修复破坏的公路的事。16What was Tilaks mission?ATo get paid little for his work.BTo buy tar
41、and gravel to fix roads.CTo recycle materials to mend roads.DTo get financial help from the government.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“He collects the material and uses it to fill potholes(坑洼)，at times spending his own pension money to do it.”可知，Tilak 用他收集到的各种材料来填补坑洼的路面，有时还会花自己的钱去做这些，结合选项，故选C。17What made Ti
42、lak take up the job to fix roads?ALove for children.BA strong sense of social responsibility.CA passion to make contributions to society.DEagerness to return to work.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段及第四段中的“Tilak decided to take charge of matters himself.”可知，Tilak在目睹了很多车祸之后，觉得如果这些道路不是低洼不平，就不会有那么多事故了，因此，他决定做修路的事，结
43、合选项，他是出于社会责任感而做这些。故选B。18What is the right description about Tilak?AHe began to fix roads from his retirement.BHe took up the job as a consultant for 3 years.CHe extended his mission to other neighbors.DHe was once a railway engineer working in the US.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段中的“After working for the
44、South Central Railway in India for 35 years，I retired in October 2008 and spent some time off in 2009，also traveling to the US to meet my son，Tilak told the local media.In January 2010，I came back and took up a job as a consultant in a software agency.After that，I quit my job and for the next year t
45、ill June 2012，I spent my pension money in fixing roads，he said.”可知A、B、D选项均不正确；根据文章后两段知C选项正确，故选C。19What does Tilak encourage people to do?ATake action to make a difference.BQuit their jobs to serve their neighbors.CFill potholes to be another “road doctor”DTake part in the physical work but not brain
46、 work.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“He hopes that with media attention，he can inspire a change in the attitude of the general public.” 可知，Tilak 希望随着媒体的关注，他能激励公众改变态度，故选A。20What may be the best title of the passage?AThe Thing That Everyone Should HaveWarm HeartBThe Strongest Support Is from Family MembersC
47、The Retirement Is Not the End of CareerDThe Respectable Man Is Worthy of His NameRoad Doctor【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Tilak 在印度中南部铁路工作了35年，退休回到家后继续用自己的钱修复破坏的公路的事。他成为了一位真正的道路医生，故选D。五、Do you ever wish for a little more time to do everything you need to do？Well，on July 1 youll be getting itbut only one mor
48、e second.On July 1 at exactly 7：59：59 am.Beijing time (or on June 30 at 23：59：59 UTC，Coordinated Universal Time)，the worlds atomic(原子的) clocks will pause for a single second，or，more precisely，change to the unusual time of 7：59：60，according to .The addition of a leap second(闰秒)，announced by the Paris
49、 Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation(旋转) and astronomical time as measured by the sun.Just one extra second could cause big problems and affect the way computers and websites work，however.When the last leap second was added back in 2012，more than a few websi
50、tes had some trouble.As reported by Phys.org，popular sites like the community website Reddit crashed when the leap second was added.For Reddit，the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second.Speaking to Wired abo
51、ut the problem back in 2012，Linux creator Linus Torvalds commented：“Almost every time we have a leap second，we find something.Its really annoying，because its code(代码) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions.”Companies have had to think of their own soluti
52、ons，and Googles “leap smear” may be the best-known example.As company engineer Christopher Pascoe explains in a blog post，companies usually try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again.However，Pascoe believes this creates p
53、roblems.He asked：“What happens？Does e-mail that comes in during that second get stored correctly？”Google has a solution：Cut the extra second into milliseconds and then put these tiny amounts of time into the system throughout the day.“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at mid
54、night，”says Pascoe.“Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.”For many companies without Googles money，however，the leap second will likely still cause some crashes.Dont worry，thoughat least it wont last long!语篇解读本文主要介绍了“闰秒”带来的影响及其解决方案。1Why do we need to add a leap s
55、econd?AThe worlds atomic clocks are set to do so.BTo keep in time with the worlds computers.CTo keep atomic clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation.DTo record the changes to astronomical time.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The addition of a leap second(闰秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is t
56、o keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation(旋转) and astronomical time as measured by the sun.”可知，闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引起的，为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒，故选C。2What happened to the website Reddit when the leap second was added in 2012?AIt crashed because of a virus attack.BIts network time added two ext
57、ra seconds.CAll of the code in its Linux system went wrong.DOne of its software systems got confused and the site broke down.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段中“the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second”可知，闰秒发生时，
58、网站崩溃，运行系统混乱，故选D。3What does the underlined word “something” refer to in the 5th paragraph?AThe code not working properly.BThe extra second.CThe problem.DNormal conditions.【答案】A【解析】代词指代题。根据文章第五段中“we find something.Its really annoying，because its code(代码) that is almost never used，and thus not tested b
59、y users under their normal conditions”可知，something指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测试过的代码，即代码不正常地工作，故选A。4How do companies usually deal with the problem of the extra second?ABy shutting down computers at the end of the day.BBy stopping receiving emails that come in during that second.CBy turning the clocks back by one
60、 second at the end of the day.DBy cutting the extra second into milliseconds throughout the day.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段中“companies usually try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again”可知，解决额外一秒的做法是在一天结束时将时钟往回调一秒，故选C。5Whats Chr
61、istopher Pascoes attitude toward Googles solution to the problem?AUnfavorable. BDoubtful.CApproving. DCautious.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，says Pascoe.Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.”可知，午夜时
62、分多一秒时，时钟已经在白天将这一秒考虑在内了，所以Pascoe认同这个方法，故选C。六、Soaping up your hands may do more than just get rid of germs.It may wash away the inner confusion you feel right after being forced to make a choice between two appealing choices，according to a new study.The study builds on past research into a phenomenon
63、known as “the Macbeth effect”It turns out that Shakespeare was really onto something when he imagined Lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience(良心) by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands.A few years ago，scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act.If people were then given a chanc
64、e to clean their hands，they later expressed less guilt than people who hadnt cleaned.This finding fascinated WS.Lee，a researcher.“Anything from the past，any kind of negative emotional experiences，might be washed away，” says Lee.He decided to test hand washings effect on one kind of bad feeling：the t
65、ension we feel after being forced to choose between two attractive choices，because picking one choice makes us feel that weve lost the other.People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating(夸大) the positive aspects of their choice.He had students rank 10 different music CDs.Then
66、he offered students one CD as a gift.Some students then used liquid soap.Others only looked at the soap or sniffed(嗅) it.“Actually，you do not need water and soap，” says Lee.Later，the students again had to rank all the music.People who didnt wash their hands had the normal responsethey scored their t
67、ake-home CD higher，suggesting that they now saw it as even more attractive than before.But this wasnt true for the hand washers.They ranked the music about the same.“They feel no need at all to justify the choice，” says Lee.But the implications of it just arent clear.Schwarz says its too soon to kno
68、w whether people should head for a sink after making a tough choice.He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder，but perhaps if they dont go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice，they might feel more sorrow in the long run.语篇解读本文主要讲述了用香皂洗手会帮助
69、人们缓解作决定时的紧张与不安的情绪。6The Macbeth effect refers to the fact that .Apeople feel less ashamed after washing their handsBsoaping up ones hand may help wash away the inner confusion and make a decisionCpeople feel less guilty by getting rid of invisible germs from their handsDShakespeare did scientific res
70、earch before writing Macbeth【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，人们在洗手后会感到良心上的愧疚感减轻，故选A。7According to Lee，after people make the choice .Athey will overstate the goodness of their chosen choiceBthey will feel regretful for not choosing anotherCthey will feel free due to the feeling of losing the other choiceDthey
71、 will think nothing of their chosen choice any more to calm their inner conflict【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，在做出两个选项的选择后，人们通常会紧张不安，以夸大自己所选择的事物的优点来使内心平静，故选A。8According to Lee，those hand washers consider justifying their choice .Amore scientificBunnecessaryCa little convincingDabsolutely useless【答案】B【解析】细节
72、理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They feel no need at all to justify the choice，says Lee.”可知选B。9What does Schwarz need to research more?AWhether people need to justify their choice.BWhether people feel more sorrow after washing hands.CWhether washing hands help over a long period of time.DWhether washing hands is help
73、ful to make a choice.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。通过最后一段内容可知，洗手从长远看是否有作用还需要更多的研究，故选C。10What might be the most suitable title for the passage?AIs Washing Hands Necessary to Defeat Tension?BWashing Hands Washes Our MindCWashing Hands Helps Make a Better ChoiceDWashing Hands Reduces the Stress of Decision【答案】D【解析】标题
74、归纳题。根据第一段内容以及整篇文章的介绍可知，本文主要讲洗手能够减轻作决定的压力，故选D。七、You know the saying “Youre as young as you feel”Well，there may be some truth in that，according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Ellen Langer，a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body，and h
75、er colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a persons perception of their age might influence their health.They published their results in the journal PerspectivesonPsychologicalScience.In one study that Langer led,47 women had their hair done.The women who thought their new h
76、airdos(发型) made them look younger did look younger to objective observers，who were shown before-and-after pictures.The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure.Another study involving 4,421 men found that those who became bald(秃顶) at a relatively young age were more
77、 likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not.Similarly，another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease.“We believe that the feelings associated with being older than ones real age account for some of these health
78、outcomes，” the researchers wrote.The researchers also described studies which found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early，which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger w
79、omen.Similarly，people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners，according to other studies.Taken together，the research supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假说) that when a younger mind is prepared，a younger body can accompany it.While the mechanism(机制) r
80、emains unclear，the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health.语篇解读本文为说明文，题材为科普知识类。觉得自己更年轻的人更健康也活得更长。11The und
81、erlined word “perception” in Paragraph 2 means “”Aview BappearanceCinfluence Dcreation【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段第一句中的“Youre as young as you feel”及第二段第一句中的“how the mind influences the body”可推测出答案。12Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?ABlood pressure is closely related to haird
82、os.BFeeling older than ones real age may be tied to health problems.CGetting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing.DThe women who love hairdos look younger than those who dont.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由第三段列举的三项研究的结果及最后一句话的总结可知选B。13It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that .Aa younger mother is mo
83、re likely to live longerBthe younger one of a couple lives much longerCoften staying with younger people can benefit peoples healthDpeople who want to live longer need to marry young【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由该段中举的例子可推知选C。14The passage mainly tells us that .Agetting bald too early is not good for healthBwomen
84、had better give birth later in their lifeCpeople who marry younger partners tend to live longerDpeoples view of their age may have an effect on their own health【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段第一句中的“Youre as young as you feel”和最后一段第一句中的“the research supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假说) that when a younge
85、r mind is prepared，a younger body can accompany it”可知，人们对自己年龄的认知可能会影响健康，故选D。15From which page of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken from?AEntertainment. BHealth.CEconomy. DPolitics.【答案】B【解析】文章出处题。本文是关于健康的，故最有可能出自报纸上的健康专栏。故选B。八、When you want to throw something out as “junk”，better take a
86、second thought as it may be of great value.In fact，scientists made the same mistake with DNA years ago，and now they are trying to get it right.We often say that DNA is a kind of acid that contains our genes.But the truth is that genes only make up 1 to 2 percent of our DNA，which caused scientists to
87、 believe that the rest of it is useless.Nevertheless，instead of doing nothing，junk DNA，as it is called，turned out to be playing an important part in our body.If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are.For example，t
88、hey can determine whether a cell becomes a lung cell or a neuron(神经元)The study，published in the journal Nature on September 5，started in 2003，and 442 scientists from 30 labs around the world were involved，according to Reuters.It is considered the biggest breakthrough in genomics(基因学) in a decade bec
89、ause it might help scientists find the cause of certain diseases.It has long been known that many complicated diseases，such as cancer，are caused by tiny changes in DNA.But now scientists realize that most of the changes occur not in the genes themselves，but in the “junk” part of the DNA.They are abl
90、e to keep track of how and why the switches change and then figure out new treatments and drugs.“Our former understanding of DNA was like getting a picture of Earth from space，”Eric Lander from the Broad Institute，US，told TheNewYorkTimes.“You know the planet is there，but you cannot see exactly what
91、its like on the surface.”But now with the new study result “you can follow the roads and see the traffic circulation.Thats exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research，”explained Mark Rubin from Weill Cornell Medical College in New York.16Which of the following would be the best tit
92、le for the passage?ADNAThe Cause of CancerBWhat Is DNA?CA New Discovery for “Junk DNA”DA Misunderstanding of Genes【答案】C【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色，这是医学上的一个新发现，故选C。17What does the underlined phrase “get it right” in the first paragraph refer to?ADiscovering new types of DNA.BRecognizing
93、the importance of junk DNA.CUnderstanding the role genes play in DNA.DTelling useful DNA from useless one.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文中的“多年前科学家对于垃圾DNA也犯了同样的错误”可推知，他们现在正在纠正，也就是认识到垃圾DNA的重要性。故选B。18The author explains how different parts of DNA work by .aintroducing a general theorybmaking a metaphor(比喻)cgiving
94、examplesddisplaying research dataAa，c Bb，cCa，d Dc，d【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.”可知，作者使用比喻来解释DNA的作用；根据第四段内容可知，作者具体举出了例子，故选B。19The results of the study mentioned in the article show that .Acancer is caused by tiny changes in genes themselvesBth
95、e study of junk DNA is less important than the study of genesCchanges in junk DNA do not affect genesDjunk DNA is very important for the functioning of our cells【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are.”可知，垃圾DNA对于我们细胞的正常功能是非常重要的，故选D。20Which of the f
96、ollowing statements might Mark Rubin agree with?AThe findings of our genes are enough to fight against cancer.BThe battle against cancer will be won within two years.CThe findings of junk DNA throw light on how we might cure cancer.DThe new treatments and drugs will change junk DNA quickly.【答案】C【解析】
97、推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thats exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research.”可知，研究垃圾DNA得出的数据将运用到癌症治疗的研究中，故选C.九、Air pollution is getting more and more serious in many places around the world.The fact that public parks in cities become crowded proves that people long to breathe in green，open sp
98、aces.And，in these surroundings，they are generally both peaceful and peaceable.It is rare to see people being at odds or even fighting in a garden.It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air，there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.But do we onl
99、y sense what life could be when we enjoy green spaces?The plant world silently shows us what a reflection of life truthfully is.It also helps us to a new beginning，urging us to care for our breath.We must，in turn，care for it，opposing any sort of pollution that destroys both our world and that of pla
100、nts.The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world.Often described as “the lungs of the planet”，the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen.But their capacity to renew the air polluted by
101、industry has long reached its limit.If we continue to pollute the air by filling it with chemicals and destroy the ability of plants to restore it we will soon pull our world into an unavoidable disaster.Humans must learn to share life，both with each other and with plants.This task can be carried ou
102、t only when each takes it upon her- or himself and only when all work together.The lesson taught by plants is that human life can only exist with nature.We must come to view the air，the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the protection of life and growth，rather than productive objects we ca
103、n use and throw away freely.Perhaps then we would finally begin to live，rather than merely survive.1What does the underlined part “being at odds” mean?ARelaxing. BExercising.CHurrying. DConflicting.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据上一句中的“.they are generally both peaceful and peaceable.”可知，他们是和平的，因此很少看到有人争吵或打架等，因此猜测“
104、being at odds”的意思为“起冲突”，故选D。2According to the first paragraph，what does the author suppose might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?ATo get their share of clean air.BTo pursue a comfortable life.CTo gain a higher social status.DTo seek economic benefits.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根
105、据第一段最后一句“It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air，there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.”可知，如果人们能自由地呼吸到新鲜空气，就没理由跟别人争斗，故选A。3What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?AThe massive burning of fossil fuels.BOur relationship to
106、 the plant world.CThe capacity of plants to renew polluted air.DLarge-scale deforestation across the world.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world.”可知，作者最想让我们关注的是我们和植物世界的关系，故选B。4How can human beings a
107、chieve the goal of protecting the planet，according to the author?ABy showing respect for plants.BBy preserving all forms of life.CBy consuming all natural resources.DBy all making their efforts together.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“This task can be carried out only when each takes it upon her- or himsel
108、f and only when all work together.”可知，人类想实现保护星球这个目标就要团结一致共同努力，故选D。5What does the author suggest we do in order not to just survive，but live better?AExpand the range of living.BDevelop natures potentials.CShare life with nature.DExplore new resources.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是其第一句“Humans must learn t
109、o share life，both with each other and with plants.”可知，为了活得更好，我们应与自然分享生活。故选C。十、The temperature is sharply rising with each passing day.People，including many experts，find it difficult to slow down the process.However，leaving coal and major fossil fuels in the ground could help to limit climate change
110、in the future，according to a new study.That is to say，a third of oil reserves on the earth，half of gas reserves and over 80 percent of current coal reserves should not be used before the year 2050.If we are to prevent global temperatures from rising above 2 degrees Celsius in the near future，we ough
111、t to carry out some measures to severely control the emissions from factories，vehicles and even our daily-life cooking.However，it is a goal that seems to be impossible in our eyes.“Policy makers in different countries must realize that their attempt to completely use the fossil fuels within their co
112、untries is wholly incompatible(矛盾的) with their hope to reach the 2-degree goal，” Dr Christophe McGlade at University College Londons Energy Institute said in a statement.“If they go ahead with developing their own resources，” he added，“they must be asked which reserves elsewhere should remain unburn
113、ed in order for the carbon budget not to go beyond the limit.”Its not surprising to see how tapping into these unused reserves would be attractive.Energy-related industry is a big business all over the world.There are many coal reserves in China，Russia and the United States，along with over 260 thous
114、and million barrels of oil reserves in the Middle East.Not to mention that oil is currently being developed in the Arctic.Companies spent over 670 billion last year in the expansion of fossil fuels，but according to the new model used in this latest study，developers may need to rethink their plans to
115、 develop these underground resources so as to make some contributions to control the world temperature from rising high in the future.“Weve now got practical figures of the quantities and locations of fossil fuels that should remain unused in trying to keep within the 2-degree temperature limit，”add
116、ed McGlade.World leaders and policy makers should take the advice to heart，because a recent IPCC report warned that if immediate and great actions are not taken soon，climate change will cause irreversible(不可逆转的) impacts on environments worldwide，leaving the world an unsafe place for us to live in.语篇
117、解读本文为议论文。论述了全球气候变化与化石燃料的关系。6According to Paragraph 1，our goal is to .Adiscover more fossil fuels for the future generationBslow down the climate changeCrefuse to use reserves on the earthDkeep the temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由首段中的“If we are to prevent global temperatures f
118、rom rising above 2 degrees Celsius in the near future，we ought to.”及“However，it is a goal that.”可知答案为D。7The underlined word “emissions” in Paragraph 1 refers to “”Athings that are sent out into the airBproducts that are made from fossil fuelsCfactors that cause the climate changeDchanges that happen
119、 after temperature rise【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。由前后语境可推知，画线词指的是“排放到空气中的物质”，故选A。8According to what McGlade said in Paragraph 2，all countries should .Amake full use of their fossil fuelsBwork together towards the 2-degree goalCfind better ways to dig out the coalDincrease the global carbon budget【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。
120、通读第二段可推断出答案为B。9We can infer from Paragraph 3 that great efforts have been made in .Adigging out the oil in the Middle EastBgetting people to rethink their fuel plansCdeveloping fossil fuels around the worldDdeveloping energy-related industry worldwide【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第三段中的“tapping into these unused r
121、eserves”，“in the expansion of fossil fuels”及“developers may need to rethink their plans to develop these underground resources”可推断出答案为C。10What is the authors attitude towards the future of temperature control?AConfident. BNegative.CSatisfied. DUnclear.【答案】B【解析】观点态度题。由第一段首句和尾句及最后一段尾句可推测出作者对未来大气温度的控制持
122、消极的态度。十一、Styrofoam，or polystyrene，is a light-weight material，about 95 percent air，with very good insulation(隔热) properties，according to Earthsource org.It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging material that protects items during shipping.With the above good fea
123、tures，Styrofoam still enjoys a bad reputation.It cannot be recycled without releasing dangerous pollution into the air.The US.Environmental Protection Agency says it is the fifth-largest creator of harmful waste.But now the common worms which are usually disgusting can come to the rescue，specificall
124、y，mealworms.Scientists from the US.and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic.One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours，the plastic is turned into carbon dioxide.Since Styrofoam has no nutrition at all，are the worms
125、 hurt by eating plastic? Much to the scientists surprise，the study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as healthy as worms eating bran(谷糠)The researchers will study the worms eating habits and digesting system，looking to copy the plastic breakdown but on a larger scale.Once the way can be put int
126、o practice，it will make a revolutionary difference to the disposal of plastic.“Solving the issue of plastic pollution is important，”says Wu，a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.After all，our earth is small and landfill space is becoming limited with too much garbage waiting to
127、be dealt with，he says.About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year.Plastic plates，cups and containers take up 25 percent to 30 percent of space in Americas landfills.One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years to recycle in a landfill，according to Cleveland
128、State University.语篇解读文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题。11What do we know about Styrofoam?AIt can be used to cool drinks.BIt is a weightless material.CIt is harmful when recycled.DIt is usually used on ships.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句“It cannot be recycled without releasing dan
129、gerous pollution into the air.”为双重否定，表达的是肯定的意思，即“它被回收时会向空气中释放危险的污染物”，故选C。12What can we infer from the third paragraph?AMealworms have amazing digesting power.BMealworms are not bad in their nature.CMealworms can rescue peoples lives.DPeople misunderstood mealworms in the past.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“S
130、cientists from the US.and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic.One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day.”可知，黄粉虫幼虫有令人惊奇的消化能力，故选A。13Why will researchers study the worms eating habits and digesting system?ATo find ways to help mealworms grow larger.BTo imitate the
131、ir ways of breaking down plastic.CTo help develop their digesting ability.DTo make sure of their safety after eating plastic.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“looking to copy the plastic breakdown but on a larger scale (期望模仿塑料的分解但是在更大的规模上)”推断研究者是为了模仿这些虫子分解塑料的方式，故选B。14In the future，plastic may be recycled .Aby r
132、aising amounts of mealwormsBby environmental engineering instructorsCusing a method inspired by eating mealwormsDwithout sending out dangerous pollution【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题，故推断一旦模仿成功，塑料的回收利用就不会危害环境，故选D。15Whats the main idea of this passage?ASty
133、rofoam is widely used in daily life.BMealworms are genius at eating plastic.CPlastic recycling may be no more a problem.DPlastic can be turned into carbon dioxide.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。文章中作者首先提出了问题塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染；其次介绍了一种能消化分解塑料的虫子，并说明研究者期望通过理解和模仿从而最终解决塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染的问题；故说明也许塑料的回收利用不再是问题，故选C。十二、In the dry Na
134、mib Desert on the west coast of Africa，one type of beetle has found a special way of surviving.When the morning fog arrives，the Namib Beetle collects water drops on its bumpy(起伏不平的) back，then lets the water roll down into its mouth，allowing it to drink in an area without flowing water.Shreerang Chha
135、tre wants to use what nature has developed to help the worlds poor.Chhatre is an engineer at MIT who works on fog harvesting，the devices that，like the beetle，attract water drops.This way，poor villagers could collect clean water near their homes，instead of spending hours carrying water from distant w
136、ells of rivers.Access to water is a pressing global issue.According to the World Health Organization and UNICEF，nearly 900 million people worldwide live without safe drinking water.The burden of finding and transporting water falls heavily on women and children.“As a middle-class person，I think its
137、terrible that the poor have to spend hours a day walking just to obtain a basic necessity，”Chhatre says.A fog-harvesting device consists of a fence-like mesh panel(网状面板)，which attracts drops，connected to containers into which water falls.Chhatre has improved the materials used in these devices.He is
138、 continuing his work at MIT Sloan and the Legatum Center in order to develop a workable business plan for applying fog-harvesting devices.Interest in fog harvesting dates back to the 1990s，and has increased since new research on the Namib Beetle became famous in 2001.A few technologists saw potentia
139、l in the concept for people.One Canadian charitable organization，FogQuest，has tested projects in Chile and Guatemala.But fog harvesting remains in its infancy，technologically and commercially，as Chhatre readily recognizes.“It still faces some open problems，”he says.“But its work in progress.”After a
140、ll，the water that fills our rivers and lakes comes from air.语篇解读文章介绍了科学家新研究出来的雾收集装置，它能在空气中收集水，因此对一些缺水地区是很有用的。16Which of the following is TRUE of Shreerang Chhatre?AHe is an African engineer.BHe is researching on the Namib Beetle.CHe has made the first fog-harvesting device.DHe is trying to put fog-h
141、arvesting devices to use.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“.in order to develop a workable business plan for applying fog-harvesting devices.”及最后一段中的“It still faces some open problems，he says.But its a work in progress.”可知，Shreerang Chhatre正努力尝试让雾收集装置被使用，故选D。17How did fog harvesting attract more people?ABy bei
142、ng advertised by MIT.BBy getting the help of UNICEF.CBy researching on the Namib Beetle.DBy being inspired by the invention of a fence-like mesh panel.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Interest in fog harvesting dates back to the 1990s，and has increased since new research on the Namib Beetle became famous i
143、n 2001.”可知选C。18What do we know about fog harvesting?AIt became famous in 2001.BIt is still in its early stages.CIt has been tested in Africa.DIt was invented by FogQuest.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But fog harvesting remains in its infancy.”可知，雾收集装置还处于早期阶段，故选B。19The underlined word “It” in the last par
144、agraph refers to “”AUNICEFBthe BeetleCfog harvestingDa Canadian charitable organization【答案】C【解析】代词指代题。根据前面提到的雾收集装置还处于早期阶段可知，这里接着说它还存在着一些问题，因此it指代的就是雾收集装置，故选C。20The authors main purpose in writing the text is to .Astress the importance of saving waterBshow the Namib Beetles special way of survivingCi
145、ntroduce a new device for collecting water from airDinform people of the serious water problem in Africa【答案】C【解析】写作意图题。文章介绍了科学家新研究出来的雾收集装置，它能在空气中收集水，因此对一些缺水地区是很有用的。文章的目的就在于介绍这一种新的装置，故选C.十三、Long ago，poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.Back when the Greeks first started the Olymp
146、ics，they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.Now，poetry competitions have been revived.This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest，performing poems from memory for 100,000 in prizes.The first competitions were held in cla
147、ssrooms.The winners went on to school-wide contests，and then they competed in city and state competitions，and then the 50 state champions，along with the District of Columbia champion came to Washington，D.C.last week for the last showdown(对决)After the 51 champions competed against one another,12 went
148、 on to the finals.Then the field was narrowed to five.The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem.The overall champ，Jackson Hille，a high school senior from Ohio，won a 20,000 scholarship.The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they real
149、ized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on a page.Its not just a matter of saying the words in the right order.Its the tone of voice，the pauses，the gestures，and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life.“Each time we hear somebody recite
150、a poem，we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，”says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon，master of ceremonies for the finals.Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience，but memorizing and
151、 presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way.Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.语篇解读文章介绍了诗歌朗诵比赛在美国的复兴。1From the first paragraph，we can know .Athe Greeks were the fi
152、rst to write poemsBthe Olympics used to start with poem recitingCpoems were spread orally in the pastDathletes were asked to recite poems before competing【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第一段首句“Long ago，poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.”可知，在很早以前诗歌只是被口头朗诵，故选C。2How many rounds of competitions d
153、id the champions take part in before they went to Washington，D.C?AThree. BFour.CFive. DSix.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。从第三段的介绍中可知，参赛者经过在班里、学校、市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿哥伦比亚特区进行比赛，故B项正确。3According to the passage，hearing a poem recited in a new voice can .Abring a new life to listenersBhelp listeners find their interestCmak
154、e listeners learn the wordsDoffer something new to listeners【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段的叙述，特别是最后一句可知，朗诵诗歌可以给听众带来新的感受，故选D。4One benefit the participants get from a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that they can .Abecome confident while speaking in publicBwrite good poems themselvesCchange their attitu
155、des towards lifeDmake friends with many great poets【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.”可知答案为A。5Whats the best title for the passage?AReciting Poems Improves Your MemoryBRe
156、membering a Lot of Poems Is FunCPoets Have a Great TimeDPoetry Rocks the Microphone【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国的诗歌朗诵比赛。这项活动在中学生中引起了很大的反响，故D项为最佳标题。十四、Many French academics，teachers and parents complain because they feel that young peoples intellectual levels are falling rapidly！The figures prove i
157、t：young people visit museums less and spend their lives chatting on the Internet，reading nothing but Stephen King，or watching American soaps such as Friends or reality shows like StarAcademy on television，music player glued to their cars，and the games console handy.It is，however，easy to see these ha
158、bits in a positive light.Music is the favorite leisure activity：86% of 14- to 18-year-olds put it at the top of their activities，above the cinema (71%)，clubbing (68%)，sport (56%) and television (48%)For 90% of young people aged 14 to 18，radio is also very popular：they listen to it every day without
159、exception.International popular music has a strong showing，but songs in French are still in the majority(60%)Young people do，of course，watch a lot of television，but less than their elders，and if they tend to choose mostly soaps and reality TV shows，that is because these are the programs people talk
160、about，which encourages social interaction.Do young people read less than they used to？Maybe，but thats also true of the elders.Young people still read more than their elders.When asked，“Do you like reading？”，94% of 14- to 18-year-olds say they do，and 81% are convinced that computers will never replac
161、e books.Contrary to popular belief，reading continues to occupy an extremely important place in leisure-time activities，but the reading matter young people choose has changed considerably：there is a greater variety of media (computers and new technologies) and young people admit to taste what they wo
162、uld perhaps have been ashamed of in the past.For example，comic strips，Stephen King or other authors not recognized by mainstream culture，such as Betty Mahmoody (NotWithoutMyDaughter)，Mary Higgins Clark or Jostein Gaader (SophiesWorld)As Beatrice Toulon，editor in chief of the magazine Phosphore，sees
163、it，“They dont read the same things as their parents did，but they are not afraid to admit it.They have their own culture，which they flaunt(炫耀) openly！”语篇解读本文为议论文，题材为社会行为。对于许多法国学者、老师和家长们所说的年轻一代的智力水平快速下降的问题，作者提出了自己的看法。6The underlined part “in a positive light” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “”A
164、in the long termBduring the daytimeCfrom an optimistic angleDbeyond reasonable doubt【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。从第二段首句中的however可得到提示。7Which activity is the most popular with young French people?AMusic. BSport.CCinema. DTV.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句“Music is the favorite leisure activity：86% of 14- to 18-year-olds pu
165、t it at the top of their activities”可知答案。8We can infer that young French people .Aare ashamed of their tastesBare proud of their own cultureCshare their parents tastes in readingDadmit that they read less than their parents【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“They dont read the same things as their parents did，bu
166、t they are not afraid to admit it.They have their own culture，which they flaunt(炫耀) openly！”可推知B项正确。9What is the authors attitude towards intellectual levels in France?AWorried. BDoubtful.CUninterested. DApproving.【答案】D【解析】观点态度题。由首段首句“Many French academics，teachers and parents complain because they
167、feel that young peoples intellectual levels are falling rapidly！”和下文的描述可推知作者的观点和academics，teachers and parents的观点相反，对年轻一代的智力水平是认可的。10Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AThe Future of BooksBMore Books，Less TVCYoung People and Culture in FranceDYoung People and Their Elders i
168、n France【答案】C【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了法国年轻一代的文化以及同父辈文化的差异。故选C。十五、The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic(怀旧的) skill.However
169、，while todays educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successfulboth in school and in life.Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says its important to
170、continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasksboth on a computer and by hand.The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen an
171、d paper，participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a students writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.“Spelling makes some o
172、f the thinking parts of the brain active，which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas，” Berninger said.Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换)“Those words in the mind
173、 into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，” the study said.“Seeing the words in the minds eye helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，” says Berninger，“but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.”“In our computer age
174、，some people believe that we dont have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，” she said.“But until a child has functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they wont have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”语篇解读随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们忽
175、视，但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应占有一席之地。11What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?AThe absence of blackboards in classrooms.BThe use of new technologies in teaching.CThe lack of practice in handwriting.DThe popular use of smartphones.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“With the coming of new technologies.writ
176、ing by hand has become something of a nostalgic(怀旧的) skill.”可知B项正确。12Berningers study published in 2009 .Afocused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computerBindicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paperCfound that good essays are made up of long sentencesDdiscussed th
177、e importance of writing speed【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Berninger.conducted a study.both on a computer and by hand.”可知A项正确。13Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?ASpelling improves ones memory of words.BSpelling ability is closely related to writing ability.CSpelling benefits the tran
178、slation from words into ideas.DSpelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active，which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas”可知，拼写能
179、力与写作能力密切相关，所以B项正确。14What does the underlined part “minds eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?AWindow. BSoul.CPicture. DImagination.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段的第一句可知，minds eye指的是“想象力(imagination)”。15What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?AComputers can help people with their choice of words.BSpell checks can
180、take the place of spelling teaching.CHandwriting still has a place in todays classrooms.DFunctional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由文章内容可知文章主要说明了书写对学生的重要性，所以C项正确。十六、What to write？This is a question asked by so many writers of childrens literature.The childrens liter
181、ature market is a big market.Being a writer of childrens literature，I did some research into the literary market for children，finding some trends.Children tend to like reading a series on their favorite characters.However，when trying to sell your book to an agent or a publisher，you should sell it as
182、 a stand-alone book.Focus your mind on the story that youve written instead of thinking about future unwritten stories.If the book is published and does well in the market，the publisher will be open to extending the story into a series.Over the years the picture book market has been slow.Small child
183、ren，the prime“readers”of picture books，tend to not request their parents to purchase books for them.They cannot read for themselves and have to depend on others to read for them.To appeal to children with no reading skills，a writer should focus more on showing his/her story through vivid and colorfu
184、l pictures.Also，writers must take into consideration the amount of time the average parent is willing to spend reading to their children.Many teens enjoy reading young adult novels based on what is known as dark concept stories.Dark concept books are stories with vampires(吸血鬼)，demons(魔鬼)，and other s
185、upernatural creatures.The villain(坏蛋)，though，has some goodness and in a way is a victim.Also such characters share the same experiences that a typical 16-20-year-old has.They feel sad，get happy，fall in love，and even can be taken advantage of.When writing a childrens book，keep in mind the trends in t
186、he market.Read published books，both the best sellers and poor sellers，using them as references.However，be careful not to imitate other writers styles，not to use their characters，and not to use their plots.To become a popular writer，you should dig deep and work hard to make your story unique and inte
187、resting.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，讲述了要成为一名受欢迎的儿童作家，有哪些注意事项，并给出了中肯的建议。16In the authors opinion，picture books should .Abe visually pleasing and somewhat parent-friendlyBhave no words and more picturesChave more interesting storiesDbe sold at a low price【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“a writer should focus more on showing
188、his/her story through vivid and colorful pictures.Also，writers must take into consideration the amount of time the average parent is willing to spend reading to their children”可知，作为一名作家，应该更多地将逼真、多彩的图片展示在图书里，此外，还应考虑到愿意陪孩子读书的家长们所花费的时间。故选A。17According to the text，dark concept books .Aare full of violen
189、ceBhave many heroic imagesCbecome more popular than other onesDreflect the life of young adults in some ways【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。由第四段最后两句“Also such characters share the same experiences that a typical 16-20-year-old has.advantage of.”可知，dark concept stories在某种程度上反映了年轻人的生活，故选D。18According to the last parag
190、raph，what matters much to a writer is his/her .Awriting experiencesBcreative powerCfame in the marketDrelationship with other writers【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“To become a popular writer，you should dig deep and work hard to make your story unique and interesting.”可知，要想成为一名受欢迎的作家，你应该深度挖掘自己的潜力，努力使你的故事具有
191、独特性和趣味性。故选B。19What can be learned from the text?AFew writers focus on the trends in childrens literature.BA story series is not advised to be finished at one time.CWriters should be good at writing various books.DPicture books are only aimed at younger children.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Focus your min
192、d on the story that youve written instead of thinking about future unwritten stories.If the book is published and does well in the market，the publisher will be open to extending the story into a series.”可知，你应该把注意力集中在你已经写好了的书上，如果出版的书受欢迎，那么出版商会考虑将这本书做成系列丛书。故选B。20Who are the intended readers of the text?AChildren. BParents.CPublishers. DWriters.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了在写作儿童书籍时如何进行话题的选择以及人物的设定等，这些内容主要针对写儿童书籍的作家，故选D。
