1、应用文型基础写作11 专题导读应用文是指日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体，主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。应用文的语言力求平实、准确、简洁，表达的内容结构严谨，且易于理解掌握。写作时要注意以下几点：1正式的应用文有比较规范的格式，但高考中的基础写作至今尚未考查过格式，只要求表达正文内容。2注意时态，如日记常用过去时态，通知、请柬通常要用将来时态，而履历表用现在时态。3应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话，这些语句在考试中可能会考查到，所以要重点掌握。典例导练【2011四川卷改编】最近，某中学生英文报开设了“Afterclass Act
2、ivities”的栏目，请你根据以下提示，为该栏目写一篇英文稿件，并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。【写作内容】1你校开展课外活动的情况；2你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处；3为同学选择课外活动提出建议；4为学校开展课外活动提出建议。注意：【写作要求】1只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；2文章的开头已为你写好，不计入总句数。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯 One possible version：Afterclass ActivitiesNowadays，afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in hi
3、gh schools.In our school，there are various kinds of activities，which we enjoy very much.Playing football and reading stories are my favorites.Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge，they also free me from the heavy work of study.As a student，youd better choose the activities which intere
4、st you and on the other hand，the school should organize more activities for students and leave them more time for activities by giving them less homework.Dear friends，please actively take part in afterclass activities.新题预测（一）【写作内容】假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
5、1年龄；2.性别；3.爱好(旅游、运动、宠物等)。【写作要求】1只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；2信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总句数。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。(一)One possible version：Dear Peter，Im writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine.In my mind
6、, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis.Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time.With such a pen friend, I think I can share with her our traveling experiences, taking care of pets, or whatever we have
7、in common.And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best regards，Li Hua(二)假设你是王平，李华是你的同窗好友，请根据下列要点，用英文给李华写一篇毕业留言。【写作内容】1简要表述李华在你心目中的印象；2用一到两个相关的事例进行具体描述；3对她表示美好的祝愿。【写作要求】1只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；2开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总句数；3留言中不能使用真实姓名
8、和学校名称。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。One possible version：June 26, 2010Dear Li Hua，Its time to say goodbye.Its time to recall those beautiful days we spent together and you ware the very person who gave me a hand when necessary and the most considerate person who knew exactly what I needed.When I sudden
9、ly fell ill two years ago, it was you who carried me on your back to a nearby hospital.You took good care of me while I was having an injection.Later, you managed to help me with my lessons, without which I would have failed in the examination.I still have hundreds of stories to share with you and h
10、ave thousands of blessings for you.May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe!Yours，Wang Ping阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。In my experience, freshmen today are different from those I knew when I started as a professor 25 years ago. College has always
11、 been demanding both academically and socially. But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college. Many of todays students lack resilience (适应力)and at the first sign of difficulty are unable to think out strategies. The hardship can be a failing grade on
12、 a test, a cut from the team, or a romantic breakup. It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from lifes obstacles. Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children from writing admission essays to picking college courses,
13、certainly may contribute to their childrens lack of coping strategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trends of today. How many people do you know who are on medications (治疗) to prevent anxiety or depression? The number of students who arrive at college already medicated for unwante
14、d emotions has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. We, as a society, dont want to“feel” anything unpleasant and we certainly dont want our children to“suffer”. The resulting problem is that by not experiencing negative emotions, one does not learn the necessary skills to tolerate and solve
15、problems. Our world is more stressful in general because of the current economic and political realities, but I dont believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than the past 10 years. What I do think is that many students are often not prepared to be young “adults”with all the
16、responsibilities of life. As parents, we should expect young people to meet challenges. To encourage them in this direction, we have to step back and let them fail and pick themselves up and move forward. This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can actually be a passage to indep
17、endent adulthood. 1. The best title of the text probably is_ A. Have College Freshmen Changed? B. What Should College Faculty and Staff Do Today? C. What Difficulty Are Freshmen Facing? D. How to Get Used to College Life for Freshmen? 2. According to the text, todays freshmen_.A. are not good at dea
18、ling with problemsB. often fail in the examsC. cant get along well with classmatesD. have to experience more intense college life3. If freshmen become more mature to face and solve problems, they should_.A. experience negative emotions themselvesB. ask parents, teachers and coaches for more helpC. r
19、eceive medications to prevent anxiety or depressionD. put their hearts and soul into the study4. The text is mainly written for_.A. teachersB. parentsC. studentsD. psychologists 【参考答案】14、AAAB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。In ancient Egypt the pharaoh （法老） treated the poor message runner like a p
20、rince when he arrived at the palace if he brought good newsHowever if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut offShades of that spirit spread over todays conversationsOnce, a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outingAs
21、we walked light-heartedly out of the door picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, Oh boy, bad day for a picnicThe weatherman says its going to rain I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwichesNot for his stupid weather report, but for his
22、smileSeveral months ago I was racing to catch a busAs I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh, that bus left five minutes ago” Dreams of head-cutting!Its not the news that makes someone angryIts the unsympathetic attitude with
23、which its deliveredEveryone must give bad news from time to time and winning professionals do it with the proper attitudeA doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring wayA boss informing an employee he didnt get the job takes on a sympathetic toneBig winners know when d
24、elivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiverUnfortunately, many people are not aware of thisWhen youre tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isnt ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you t
25、hat he just served the last piece? It makes you, as traveler or diner, want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic facesHad my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warningHad the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus ha
26、d already left, I probably would have said “Oh thats all rightIll catch the next one” When they bear bad news, big winners deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded （被轰炸的） person is sure to have54In Paragraph 1 the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to _Amake a comparison Bdescribe a sceneCint
27、roduce a topic Doffer an argument55From Dreams of head-cutting!（Paragraph 3） we learn that the writer _Awas mad at the sales agentBwas reminded of the cruel pharaoh Cwished that the sales agent would have had dreamsDdreamed of cutting the sales agents head that night56What is the main idea of the te
28、xt? ALearning ancient traditions can be usefulBReceiving bad news requires great courageCHelping others sincerely is the key to business successDDelivering bad news properly is important in communication【】54-CA 56- D 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。How to Be a WinnerSir Steven RedgraveWinner of 5
29、 Olympic Gold Medals“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes（糖尿病）Believing my career was over, I felt extremely lowThen one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competingThat was it the encouragement I neededI could still be a winner if I believed in myse
30、lfI am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimesBut I wanted to prove to myself that I wasnt finished yetNothing is to stand in my way”Karen Pickering来源:学科网Swimming World Champion“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a weekI manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diaryThis is the key to s
31、uccess you cant follow a career in any field without being well-organizedList what you believe you can achieveTrust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a step closer to achieving them”Kirsten BestPoet & Writer“When things are getting hard, a voice inside
32、 my head tells me that I cant achieve somethingThen, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbiesThe key is to concentrateWhen I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as calm, peace or focus, either out loud or silently in my mindIt makes me feel more in control and increases my
33、 confidenceThis is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological tool”57What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?ADifficulties influenced his careerBSpecialists offered him medical adviceCTraining helped him defeat his diseaseDHe overcame the shadow of ill
34、ness to win58What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?AHer sports career BHer achievementsCHer daily happenings DHer training schedule59What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？AWays that help one to focusBWords that help one to feel less tenseCActivities that turn ones attention awayDHabits that make it hard for one to relax60According to the passage, what do the three people have in common?ASelf-confidence BHard work CDevotion DCourage【参考答案】57-DDCA