1、Unit 2 Be sporty be healthy课时作业(六)Unit2SectionExtendedreading, Project, Assessment&Furtherstudy阅读理解AAccordingtoarecentreport, about15%ofthepeopleintheUKaremembersofgyms.Butaretheymorelikelytobefit?Astudyfoundthatgymmemberswere14timesmoreactivethanpeoplewhodidntbelongtoanyhealthclub.Gymmembersdidsixh
2、oursmoreexerciseaweek, andthisactivitydidmakethemfitterthannongymmembers.Theyalsospentlesstimesittingdowneverydaythannongymmembers.Theresultswerethesameformenandwomen.Thestudyincluded405peoplebetweentheagesof30and64, andthemaincharacteristicsofthosewhoweregymmemberswerethesameasthosewhowerenot.“Butg
3、ymmembersdidmoretrainingthannongymmembers，”saidtheleadauthor, ElizabethSchroederoftheUniversityofIllinois.Whileitmightseemclearthatgymmembersexercisingmorearehealthierthannonmembers, Schroedersaysthishasnotbeendirectlyshownbefore.However, thestudyisonlydesignedtoshowatiebetweengymmembershipandmoreex
4、ercise.Itmaybethatactivepeopleliketojoingyms.Inthestudy, peoplewhoexercisedasmuchasgymmemberswerealsoingoodhealth.Youcangetthesamebenefitswhereveryouexercise.Thisstudyshowsagymmembershipcanmakeyoudomoreexercise, butotherresearchshowsthatexercisingoutsidehasotherhelp.Outdooractivitiescanmakeyoufeelha
5、ppyaboutlifeespeciallyifyourunthroughaforest.Outdoorexerciseisalsomoreenjoyablethangoingtothegym.Thefirstfiveminutesofoutdoorexerciseisespeciallyhelpfulinmakingpeoplefeelgood.ButSchroedersaysthatagymmayalsoencouragegreaterexercisebecauseitcanbesocialandfun.1Whatdidthenewstudyfindout?AGymmembershadhe
6、althiereatinghabits.BTherewerefewerwomengymmembersthanmen.CGymmembersdidatleasteighthoursofexerciseaweek.DGymmembersweremoreactivethannongymmembers.2Inthestudy, researchersstudied_.AsomesportsloversB405gymmembersCpeoplefromdifferentagegroupsD30gymmembersand64nongymmembers3WhichofthefollowingwillEliz
7、abethSchroederagreewith?AWomenshoulddomoregymexercise.BWeshouldbecarefulwithoutdoortraining.COutdoorexerciseisbetterthangymexercise.DItiseasiertokeepexercisingifyougotothegym.BIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife, newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstu
8、dy, peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggers (慢跑者) andnonjoggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogataproperpacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelyt
9、odie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnonjoggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries.Overtime, thiscancauseseriousinjuri
10、es.PeterSchnohr, aresearcherinCopenhagen, said, “Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy, joggingafewtimesaweekataproperpaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary, anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaichi, yogaandwalkingmaybebette
11、rforusthan“ironman”events, triathlonsandlongdistancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJacobLouisMarott, anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy, “Youdontactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldntactuallydotoomuch.”4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraph1mean?ARegular
12、.BHard.CPractical.DFlexible.5WhydoestheauthorpresentsomefiguresinParagraph2?ATosuggestgivingupjogging.BToshowrisksofdoingsports.CToprovidesupportiveevidence.DTointroducetheresearchprocess.6Accordingtothescientists, whyistoomuchexerciseharmful?AItmayinjuretheheartandarteries.BItcanmakethebodytiredout
13、.CItwillbringmuchpressure.DItconsumestoomuchenergy.7Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?ANoexerciseatallisthebestchoice.BMoreexercisemeansahealthierlife.CMarathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie.DProperexercisecontributestogoodhealth.CExercisemayholdthekeytoyouth, accordingtoastudypublishedonMondaywhichshowedpe
14、oplewhokeepfitareuptonineyearsbiologicallyyoungerthanthosewhodonot.Thefindingsarethefirsttoshowinhumanshowkeepingfitaffectstheageingprocess.Thestudyof2,401twinsfoundthatasedentarylifestyleraisestheriskofarangeofproblemsfromheartdiseasetocancerandappearstoplayakeyroleintheageingprocess.Itallappearsto
15、boildownto (归结为) thelengthofstructurescalledtelomeres (染色体终端)whichprotecttheDNAonthechromosomes (染色体), theresearchersfromKingsCollegeLondonwroteintheArchivesofInternalMedicine.Manystudieshaveshowntelomeresgetshorterovertime, suggestingthecellsareageingordying.Thestudy, whichextracted (提取) aDNAsample
16、fromtheirvolunteers, foundpeoplewhoexercisedmoreeachweekhadlongertelomeres.Exerciselowerstheriskofarangeofproblemssuchasheartdisease, diabetesandcancer, theresearcherssaid.“Itisnotjustwalkingaroundtheblock.Itisreallyworkingupasweat.”saidTimSpector, ageneticepidemiologistwholedthestudy, inatelephonei
17、nterview.Thestudyfoundpeoplewhoexercisedenergetically3hourseachweekhadlongertelomeresandtheywere9yearsbiologicallyyoungerthanpeoplewhodidunder15minutes.Spectorsteam, whoalsoadjustedforbodyweight, smoking, economicstatusandphysicalactivityatwork, alsosaidmoderateexercisefor12hourseachweekprovidedafou
18、ryearadvantage.Studyingtwinsalsoprovidedauniqueopportunitytojudgetheeffectsofexerciseonpeoplewiththesameorsimilargeneticmakeup, theresearcherssaid.Thereasonwhyexercisehasthiseffectisnotclearbuttheresearcherssaidtheybelievephysicalactivitysomehowdefendsagainstthenaturalprocesscalledoxidativestress (氧
19、化应激反应), whichdamagesandkillscells.8Whatistheriskofsedentarylifestyle?AItcancausediseases.BItcanmakeourcellsalive.CItcanlengthentelomeres.DItcankeepusfit.9Whatdoweknowfromthetext?AExercisingcanshortenthetelomeres.BThelessexercise, thelongertelomeres.CSittingoftenboilsmorechromosomes.DTelomeresaffecth
20、umanbeingsageing.10Whatcancauseageingaccordingtothelastparagraph?ACellswithdiseases.BOxidativestress.CGeneticstructure.DPhysicalactivities.11Whatisthepurposeofthetext?ATointroducesomeexercise.BToshowhowtodoresearch.CToencouragepeopletoexercise.DToadvisepeopletoloseweight.课时作业(六)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。
21、一项新的研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。如果你去健身房，就更容易坚持锻炼。1答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段的“Astudyfoundthatgymmemberswere14timesmoreactivethanpeoplewhodidntbelongtoanyhealthclub.(一项研究发现，健身房会员的活跃程度是不属于任何健身俱乐部会员的14倍)”可推测，新研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。D项“Gymmembersweremoreactivethannongymmembers.(健身会员比非会员更加活跃)”符合以上推测，故选D。2答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段的“Th
22、estudyincluded405peoplebetweentheagesof30and64 (这项研究包括405名年龄在30到64岁之间的人)”可知，研究人员研究了不同年龄段的人。C项“peoplefromdifferentagegroups (来自不同年龄段的人)”符合以上说法，故选C。3答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“ButSchroedersaysthatagymmayalsoencouragegreaterexercisebecauseitcanbesocialandfun.但施罗德说，健身房也可能鼓励(人们进行)更多的锻炼，因为它是充满社交和乐趣的”可知，在健身房锻炼是
23、有趣的而且可以建立社交。故推测，伊丽莎白施罗德认为去健身房更容易坚持锻炼。D项“Itiseasiertokeepexercisingifyougotothegym.(如果你去健身房，就更容易坚持锻炼)”符合以上推测，故选D。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。研究表明那些从事剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡概率一样，这是因为剧烈运动会损害我们的心脏和动脉。适度的运动才有助于我们的健康。4答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Ifyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife, newresearchmaycomea
24、sashock.”可知，人们一般认为跑马拉松会帮助我们过上健康长寿的生活，但新的研究结果并不是这样。那些从事“strenuousworkout”的人和根本不做运动的人死亡可能性一样。由此可以推测“runningmarathons”属于“strenuous”。再根据第二段中的“becausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries”可推测，strenuousexercise是指剧烈运动。strenuous意为“高强度的，剧烈的，强烈的”。故选B。5答案与解析：C推理判断题。第二段中的“Theresearchsugg
25、eststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnonjoggers.(研究表明每周慢跑超过三次或时速超过7英里的人死亡率与从不慢跑者相同)”通过呈现研究数据作为证据来证明文章第一段提出的观点：做剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡率一样。故选C。6答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandar
26、teries.Overtime, thiscancauseseriousinjuries.(科学家们认为这是因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉的结构改变。随着时间的推移，这会造成严重的伤害)”可知，剧烈运动可能会损伤我们的心脏和动脉。故选A。7答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary, anditmaybeharmful.”和第四段JacobLouisMarott的观点“Andperhapsyoushouldntactuallydotoomuch.”可知，如果目标是降低死亡风险和延长寿命，以适当的速度每周慢跑几次是合适的，过度运动不仅
27、没有必要，还可能有害。适当的运动才对我们的健康有好处。故选D。C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示，锻炼身体可能是保持年轻的关键。身体健康的人比不健康的人在生理上要年轻九岁，这一发现首次向人们展示了保持健康是如何影响衰老过程的。8答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thestudyof2,401twinsfoundthatasedentarylifestyleraisestheriskofarangeofproblemsfromheartdiseasetocancerandappearstoplayakeyroleintheageingprocess.(这项对2401对双胞胎的研究发
28、现，久坐不动的生活方式引发了从心脏病到癌症等一系列疾病的风险，而且在影响衰老过程中起着关键的作用)”可知，久坐不动的生活方式会导致疾病。故选A。9答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，伦敦国王学院的研究人员在内科学文献中写道：“这一切似乎都归结于一种叫作染色体终端的结构的长度，它能够保护染色体上的DNA。”染色体终端影响人类的衰老。故选D。10答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thereasonwhyexercisehasthiseffectisnotclearbuttheresearcherssaidtheybelievephysicalactivitysomehowdefendsagainstthenaturalprocesscalledoxidativestress.(运动产生这种效果的原因尚不清楚，但研究人员表示，他们认为体育活动在某种程度上可以抵御氧化应激这一自然过程)”可知，氧化应激会导致衰老。故选B。11答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第一段可知，一项研究显示，锻炼身体可能是保持年轻的关键。身体健康的人比不健康的人在生理上要年轻九岁。文章的目的是鼓励人们锻炼。故选C。