1、第二部分语法精析第一节谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)Tip 1辨明时态标志词1. some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.(2019全国)答案have reported解析考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，主语为some Inuit people，故填have reported。2Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work.I love
2、coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) .”(2019全国)答案have made解析考查动词的时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语over the years可知，此处用现在完成时态。故填have made。3You probably (use) caffeine childhood.(201811月浙江)答案have used/have been using解析考查动词的时态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用
3、现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/have been using。4The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between when the government (start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand ，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018全国)答案started解析考查时态。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是20
4、05年，故用一般过去时。故填started。5Chinas highspeed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers .(2018北京)答案have grown解析时间状语in the past few years与现在完成时连用，由此可知应该用have grown。6 (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product ？(2017北京)答案Did解析考查动词的时态。句意为：昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗？由yesterday(昨天)可
5、知，用一般过去时。位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Did。高考语法填空中，考生可以根据时间标志词或时间状语轻松作答。1一般现在时：sometimes，every week/day/year/morning，often，always，usually，seldom，now and then。2一般过去时：once upon a time，yesterday，last week/month/year，just now，the other day，时间段ago，时间段later, in过去的年份。3现在完成时：lately，recently，so/by far，by now，up to now，until
6、 now，in/during/over the past/last few时间段等。in/over recent时间段，since过去的时间点，ever since等。4现在进行时：Look！Listen！now, at present，at this moment/time/minute，currently。5过去进行时：at that moment/time/minute，then。6一般将来时：tomorrow，next week/month/year，in (the coming) 时间段，upcoming，in the future。7过去完成时：by过去的时间，by then，by
7、 the end of过去的时间点，until then, before过去的时间点。8将来进行时：at this time/moment tomorrow等。Tip 2语境定时态1Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene (declare) she no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.Irene .(2019全国)答案declared解析考查动词的时态。该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。2O
8、ur hosts many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.(2019全国)答案recommended解析考查时态。and连接的前后两个动作shared与recommended是并列关系，时态要一致。故填recommended。3. every pupil in the school the uniform，nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚)(20196月浙江)答案has/will have解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：当
9、每个在校学生都穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况；分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。或理解为when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故还可填will have。4One study in America that students grades (improve) a little after the school uniforms.(2019浙江)答案improved解析考查时态。分析句子结构可知，此处that引导宾语从句，而从句中缺少谓语动词，同时根据主句谓语动词found和时间状语从句中的introduc
10、ed可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填improved。5.，I by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.(2019北京)答案voiced解析考查时态。句意为：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧：“我该怎样交朋友呢？”此处的voice意为“表达”，是动词，作谓语，根据上文可知，这里叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。6.，Mr Smith (fall) in love with the people and culture there.(2019江苏)答案fe
11、ll解析考查时态。句意为：史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。7I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but manage it.(2019天津)答案had hoped解析考查时态。句意为：我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚，但我没能做到。从“but I couldnt manage it”可知，是本希望做但却没做成，用had hoped表示“原本想做”。故填had hoped。8When the gorillas and I each ot
12、her，I just glad to find them alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature，the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.(2018全国)答案meant解析考查动词的时态。由语境可知，此处事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时态。9Later，engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which known as the Tube.(2017全国)答案managed解析考查时态。根据which引导
13、的定语从句中的became可知，设空处也应该是一般过去时，故填managed。10Sarah ，“My dad I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school (come) first.”(2017全国)答案comes解析考查动词的时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。1瞻前顾后找平行：并列连词连接的平行结构，连接对等的词或对等的结构，可以作为时态判断的依据。常见如下：and，but，or，both.and.，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but (also).等。尤其关
14、注一个主语，两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要保持一致。2语境提示定时态：如果没有时间标志词或者具体的时间状语，就要联系上下文、前后句中的时态，看看动作是否同时发生或者先后发生，确定填空处的时态。3主句从句相对应：宾语从句中，主句如果用一般过去时，从句也应该用过去的时态；但陈述客观事实或真理时，从句用一般现在时。时间、条件状语从句中，主将从现，即主句一般将来，从句用一般现在时表将来。Tip 3牢记固定的句式1In any unsafe situation，simply (press) the button a highlytrained agent get you the help y
15、ou need.(2018北京)答案press解析根据空后的and可知应该填press。这是一个固定句式，其构成是“祈使句and陈述句”。句意为：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下按钮，训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。2Susan had quit her wellpaid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood .(2018北京)答案was working解析when引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，表明主句也是过去的某种时态。此处表示去年“我”去看她时她正在进行的动作，因此用过去进行时。句意为：去年我去看望苏珊的时候，她
16、已经辞去了高薪工作，正在社区做志愿工作。3I (drive) down to London I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (2017天津)答案was driving解析考查时态。句意为：我正开车(was driving)去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing.when.是固定句式，表示“正在做这时突然”。背熟固定句式，触发做题敏感点。1It/This/That is the first/second/.time that sb./sth.have/has done sth.某人/某物第几次做某事。2It/This/Tha
17、t was the first/second/.time that sb./sth.had done sth.某人/某物第几次做某事。3hardly/scarcely/rarely.had done.when sb./sth.did.和no sooner had done.than sb./sth.did表示“一就”。4It is (high) time that sb./sth.did/should do.到了某人/某物该做的时候了。5.was/were doing.when sb./sth.did某人/某物正在做这时突然6祈使句and陈述句，陈述句为一般将来时。1On the last d
18、ay of our weeklong stay， (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.(2019全国)答案were invited解析考查一般过去时的被动语态。由On the last day of our weeklong stay可知，句子时态为一般过去时。we和invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were invited。2They are trying to make sure that (install)by 202
19、2 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2019江苏)答案will have been installed解析考查时态和语态。句意为：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故填 will have been installed。3A rescue worker risked his life saving who (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018北京)答案had been trappe
20、d解析根据risked可知，主句用了一般过去时，表示冒险救人的动作发生在过去，被困在山里这一动作发生在这之前，属于过去的过去，即用过去完成时；主语two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。句意为：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。故填had been trapped。4. (repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津)答案is being repaired 解析句意为：我的洗衣机本周正在被修理，因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。my washing machine与r
21、epair之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；再根据后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知，洗衣机正在被修理，需用现在进行时的被动语态。5I was sent to the village last month to see how (carry) out .(2018江苏)答案had been carried解析句意为：上个月我被派到那个村子，去看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划实施得怎么样了。根据in the past two years可知应用完成时， carry out发生在was sent之前，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故填 had been carried。6I still remember vi
22、siting a friend whod lived here for five years and (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(20186月浙江)答案was shocked解析考查时态和语态。根据后面的learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；而I与shock之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。 7He hurried home，never once looking back to see if (follow)(2017江苏) 答案was being followed解析考查时态和语态。句
23、意为：他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was being followed。8When (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国)答案are removed解析考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构。
24、9. (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day.(2017全国)答案were used解析考查时态和被动语态。根据后一句中的时态可知，本句应用一般过去时；s
25、team engines与use之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。10. (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her to give up school to model fulltime.(2017全国)答案has been told/was told解析考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。1步骤：确定主语；判断主语和动
26、词的关系：如果主语是动作的发出者，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，要用被动语态。2特别注意：不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。如：breathe，happen，exist，remain，rise，taste，survive，belong to，break out，break down，come up，come true，take place等。3牢固掌握时态的被动形式一般现在时：is/am/are done一般过去时：was/were done现在完成时：have/has been done一般将来时：will be done现在进行时：is/am/are being done过去进行时：
27、was/were being done过去完成时：had been done过去将来时：would be done4情态动词的被动：情态动词be done。5特别注意动词的不规则变化，不要因为细节而失分。1Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three declining，six (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine enough data.(2019全国) 答案are解析考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语six指代six polar bear subpopul
28、ations，表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。2. his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months.(2019江苏)答案has given解析考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意为：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由in the last three months可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时；along with连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致，故填has given。3Amy， her brothers， (give) a warm welco
29、me when returning to the village .(2019天津)答案was given解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为：上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语last week可知，应用一般过去时；as well as连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语一致，即与Amy一致，故此处应用单数形式。4While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling o
30、r swimming. (2018全国)答案is解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，这里用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用is。5. (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国)答案is解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。6. of Great Expectations，
31、which (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised， Dickens status as a leading novelist.(2017江苏)答案was解析考查时态和主谓一致。句意为：远大前程这部小说的出版发行受到广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication
32、，故be动词用was。7Nowadays， jogging and swimming， (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.(2017天津)答案is regarded解析考查主谓一致和语态。句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，即就远原则。 cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is regarded。1核心定义：主谓一致即语法形式的一致，数的一致。主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词时
33、，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为单个不定式(短语)，动名词(短语)或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数名词或两个或以上不定式(短语)，动名词(短语)或主语从句时，谓语动词用复数。a large quantity of名词，谓语动词用单数；quantities of名词，谓语动词用复数。定语从句如果缺少主语，谓语动词与先行词，即从句所修饰的名词或代词保持数的一致。2就近原则either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but (also).，not.but.等并列连词连接主语时。there be 句型中，谓语动词与最近的主语保持数的一致。3就远原则：名词介词短语名词，谓语
34、动词与离的远的第一个名词，即句子的主语保持数的一致。介词短语包括：with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等。1What a pity！You missed the sightseeing， we (have) a good time together.(2019江苏)答案would have had解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则我们会在一起玩得很开心。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用would/could/should/migh
35、thave done。2The workers were not better organized， they (accomplish) the task in half the time.(2019天津)答案would have accomplished解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：工人们没有被组织好，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”，因此后半部分应用“主语would have done sth.
36、”结构。3In todays information age，the loss of data (cause) serious problems for a company.(2018北京)答案cause解析考查情态动词基本用法。句意为：在如今这个信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给一个公司带来严重的问题。情态动词后面需要用动词原形，故填 cause。4I cant find my purse.I could (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，. (2018天津)答案have left解析句意为：我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不确定。
37、根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知，空格处是对过去发生事情的推测，需用“情态动词have done”，故填 have left。5They a better hotel they (drive) a few more kilometers. (2018北京)答案had driven解析根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，从句谓语用“had过去分词”。6There a good social life in the vill
38、age，and I I (have) a second chance to become more involved. (2018江苏)答案had解析句意为：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I wish后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用would/could do。由语境可知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故填 had。7. we (catch) the flight yesterday， our holiday on
39、 the beach now. (2018天津)答案had caught解析句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及时间状语now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故用“had动词的过去分词”。故填 had caught。8. the new safety system (put) to use，the accident .(2017北京)答案had been put解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此
40、处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，故填had been put。1情态动词不单独使用基本用法：情态动词be/do被动形式：情态动词bedone 表对过去的推测：情态动词have done 2if 条件句的虚拟对过去的虚拟，if 条件句中用had done对现在的虚拟，if 条件句中用一般过去时3固定句式Its (high) time that.did/should dowould rather (that) sb.did(对现在/将来的虚拟)或者had done(对过去的虚拟) suggest/advise/order/require/insist 后的 that从句中的虚
41、拟：从句谓语动词用shoulddo，should 可以省略wish that sb.did/were(对现在的虚拟) 或者had done(对过去的虚拟) 4关键词 without/or/otherwise/but for 往往是虚拟的提示词。增分训练增分单句训练.单句语法填空1These products and services (improve) the customer experience so far，improving national and global economy at the same time.答案have improved解析根据时间标志so far可知，本句时态
42、要用现在完成时态，主语these products and services是复数且与谓语是主动关系。故填have improved。2Hawking explained his belief that space (start) with the Big Bang，and will end with black holes.答案started解析句意为：霍金解释了他相信宇宙是从宇宙大爆炸开始的，并将以黑洞结束。宇宙开始是过去的事，故要用一般过去时，因此填started。3Since then，the caves (shut) down to the public in an effort t
43、o conserve the fragile paintings in this precious underground site.答案have been shut解析根据时间标志词since then可知，本句时态要用现在完成时；主语为the caves和动词shut是被动关系，且是复数，所以用have been shut。4For him，the next thing to do is to find qualified successors to ensure that the skills (pass) to younger generations.答案will be passed解
44、析从上下文判断，要用一般将来时。主语the skills和pass是被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动，即will be passed。5This years theme, Happier Together， (encourage) people worldwide to focus on what we have in common，rather than what divides us.答案encourages解析通过时间状语this year及后文中的have，divides可以确认要用一般现在时。此处填谓语，且主语theme是单数，所以要用第三人称单数形式。6So those who (
45、believe) they are improving their fitness most are storing up the biggest trouble for themselves.答案believe解析由are improving和are storing可知时间为现在。此处who 引导的定语从句中，谓语动词believe用一般现在时，先行词those为复数，故需要用谓语动词的复数形式。7The main theater，which will seat an audience of 1,200， (shape) like a budding seed when seen from
46、a birds eye view. 答案is shaped解析通过从句谓语will seat可知，主句用一般现在时。shape表示“使成为的样子”，需用被动。一般现在时的被动形式为is/am/are done，主语the main theater为单数，所以答案为is shaped。8In old movies，more than one cowboy (see) biting a bullet，perhaps drinking some strong whiskey，while removing an arrow from his own body. 答案was seen 解析根据in ol
47、d movies可推知，设空处需用一般过去时，主语cowboy与see之间为被动关系，故需用一般过去时的被动语态。特别注意，more than one和“many a名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。所以此处用was seen。9Not only the best student in my class but you (be) likely to win the award in the coming High School Competition.答案are解析考查时态和主谓一致。由coming可知，应用一般现在时。not only.but (also).连接并列成分作主语时，适用于就近
48、原则，故填are。10Youd better not disturb our manager at 9 oclock tomorrow morning，for he (attend) an important international conference then.答案will be attending解析考查时态。句意为：明天上午九点你最好不要打扰我们经理，因为他那时正在开一个很重要的会议。根据at 9 oclock tomorrow morning和then可知，此处表示将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，形式为will be doing。.易错练习1A small satel
49、lite designed and developed by them (send) into space last Wednesday at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. 答案was sent解析考查时态和语态。根据句中的时间状语last Wednesday可知，此处用一般过去时。句子的主语satellite与动词send之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意为：上周三，由他们设计和开发的一颗小卫星在太原卫星发射中心发射升空。故填was sent。2Its GDP per person，in terms of purchasingpower， (rise) t
50、en times since 1990.答案has risen解析考查时态。根据时间状语since 1990可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填has risen。3The intention of writing the story of his life excited him.Then he (begin) to write his book.答案began解析考查时态。根据上一句可知，讲述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。4When Louis the Fourteenth died in 1715，ballet (bring) to other parts of Europe and wa
51、s developing in other ways.答案was brought解析考查时态。根据上文in 1715可知，讲述的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时；主语ballet与bring之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。5At 14 Cao Yuan，now a 22yearold Chinese doctoral student in physics， (admit) into the University of Science and Technology of Chinas School of the Gifted Young，a special school to cul
52、tivate teenagers into worldclass talents.答案was admitted解析考查时态。根据At 14和now a 22yearold Chinese doctoral student可知，此处用一般过去时；Cao Yuan和admit之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。增分写作训练 谓语动词在写作中的应用.英英互译文似看山不喜平1attend(参加)participate in2should(应该)be supposed to do/had better3give(给予)offer sb.sth.4tell(告知)inform sb.of sth./
53、that.5master(掌握)have a good command of6make(使)enable sb.to do7save(节省)set aside8know(知道)learn/be aware of9get(获得)obtain10improve(改进)strengthen11thank(感谢)appreciate12have(有)possess13remember(记得)bear/keep.in mind14use(采用)adopt15cause(导致)result in/contribute to.作文升级主动变被动 原汁原味更生动1I heard the local galle
54、ry will hold a Chinese Painting Exhibition，so I am writing to apply to be a volunteer. (2019 全国)Having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in this local gallery，I am writing to apply to be a volunteer.2We will have a volleyball competition from 1600 to 1700 at out school stadium to
55、morrow. (2019 全国)A volleyball competition will be held from 1600 to 1700 at out school stadium tomorrow.3We would be delighted if you could give your performance in person. (2019 全国)We would be delighted if your performance could be given in person.作文升级语气得体 全靠情态动词和虚拟语气1因为我熟悉中国绘画文化，我可以让外国人和当地人更加了解它。
56、(情态动词can)(2019 全国)Because of my familiarity with Chinese painting culture，I can get foreigners and the locals to know more about it.2希望你能考虑我的邀请。(wish 虚拟)(2019 全国)I wish you could take my invitation into consideration.3如果没有你的积极参与，我们过去就不可能取得如此大的成就。(couldnt have done 虚拟)(2019全国)Without your active part
57、icipation，we couldnt have achieved so much in the past.强化练(二).语法填空A(2019广西南宁摸底考试)When waiting for the train，a young girl playing with her ball suddenly found it out of her hands,1. (roll) off the platform and landing on the tracks.Not only was she troubled，but the whole family were a bit upset.Overh
58、earing their conversation，I knew that the ball 2. (give) to her from her grandfather，3. is no longer alive.It was not replaceable as it held precious memories.I told them I could help get it for them.I wasnt sure how，but I felt 4. (confidence) that I would figure it out.They were hesitant to give me
59、 their contact information.Im a nice lady，but still a stranger，and it felt odd to them that I would want to take time out of my life 5. (help) them.My work colleague who was with me convinced them，“She is really good 6. helping people.You can really trust her.”As always in these 7. (situation)，you h
60、ave to let one phone call lead to another until you can talk to someone who 8. (have) the magic key to open the door.But 9. (lucky) it took only 3 calls.A few days later I received a lovely email from the mom，thanking me for my help as they now have 10. special ball with all its memories back with t
61、he little girl.1答案rolling解析考查现在分词。动词roll与其逻辑主语it之间是主谓关系，此处and连接两个并列成分，根据后面的landing也可推知，应用现在分词形式，故填rolling。2答案was given/had been given解析考查动词的时态和语态。give sth.to sb.意为“给某人某物”，根据语境知，此处应用被动语态，且文章的基础时态是一般过去时。give这一动作是过去发生的，故填was given；此处也可理解为give这一动作发生在knew之前，即过去的过去，故也可填had been given。3答案who解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构
62、可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是her grandfather，且从句缺少主语，应用指代人的关系代词；非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，故填who。4答案confident解析考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作表语，名词confidence的形容词形式是confident，故填confident。5答案to help解析考查不定式作状语。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to help。6答案at解析考查介词。根据空前的形容词good和空后的动名词短语helping people可知，空处应填介词。be good at意思是“擅长”，为固定短语，故填at
63、。7答案situations解析考查名词复数。根据空前的these可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。situation意为“情况，形势”时，是可数名词，故填situations。8答案has解析考查主谓一致。空处所在句是定语从句，关系词who指代其前的不定代词someone，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，故填has。9答案luckily解析考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子，故填luckily。10答案the解析考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故填定冠词the。BI chose to study abroad because I knew I would be exposed t
64、o knowledge that I couldnt gain 11. (sit) inside a classroom.Studying abroad was one of the best 12. (decision) I had ever made.I chose China，because China is one of the early civilizations 13. a long history and rich culture.I thought studying abroad would give me the chance to learn more about the
65、 country.As a visiting scholar，my dream of studying abroad in China became a 14. (real)I went to China in the summer of 2017.My time there was an 15. (impress) experience.Every day was a new adventure.16. I enjoyed most was that I had culture classes where I could learn about Chinese calligraphy，Bei
66、jing opera，Chinese literature，Chinese cooking and many 17. (much) subjects.The mix of learning about the language and culture made each day of class enjoyable.I believe that the key to a successful study abroad 18. (be) the attitude you carry.Towards going to China，I had a very positive attitude.I k
67、new there might be problems,19. I saw them as opportunities for learning.My time in China has really made me more 20. (cultural) aware of diversity，which adds to my positive attitude.语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者一直想出国留学来学习自己在课堂中无法学到的知识。因为中华文化底蕴深厚，所以作者选择到中国留学，并学到了中国的书法、京剧和中国文学等课程。在作者看来，出国学习成功的关键在于自身的态度。11答案sitt
68、ing解析考查非谓语动词。该句中主语I和sit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，空处作方式状语，故用现在分词。句意为：我选择出国留学是因为我知道我将会接触到一些我在教室里学不到的知识。12答案decisions解析考查名词的单复数。decision为可数名词，由该句中的one of可知，空处用名词的复数形式。句意为：出国留学是我做过的最好的决定之一。 13答案with解析考查介词。根据该句中的a long history and rich culture可知，“我”选择中国，因为中国有灿烂的历史和文化。with表示“有，带有”，符合语境，故空填with。14答案reality解析考查词形转换。根据空前的
69、不定冠词a可知，空处用real的名词形式reality。句意为：作为一名访问学者，我在中国留学的梦想变成了现实。15答案impressive解析考查形容词。根据空前的an和空后的名词experience可知，空处修饰该名词，应用impress的形容词形式impressive，表示“给人印象深刻的”。16答案What解析考查主语从句。句意为：我最喜欢的是上文化课，在文化课上我可以学到中国书法、京剧、中国文学、中国烹饪和更多科目。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且作及物动词enjoy的宾语，又根据该句句意可知，应用what引导该主语从句。17答案more解析考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知，此处
70、表示“更多的”，故用much的比较级more。18答案is解析考查时态和主谓一致。该句的主语为the key，为单数形式，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是一般性的情况，应用一般现在时，故空处用is。该句意为：我认为出国留学成功的关键在于你所持的态度。19答案but/yet解析考查连词。根据空前的“我知道可能会遇到问题”和空后的“我将它们视为学习的机会”可知，空格前后为转折关系，故用转折连词but或yet。20答案culturally解析考查副词。设空处修饰形容词aware，故用cultural的副词形式culturally。句意为：我在中国的日子确实让我更加意识到文化的多样性，这也让我的态度更加
71、积极。.阅读理解A(2019嘉兴模拟)Hot Spots for Retirees to Start Their Encore CareerEncore Career：Vocational School InstructorRetire in：Los Angeles，CAEver since IBM CEO Ginni Rometty coined the term “new collar” to describe wellpaid jobs that require specific skills but not necessarily a degree，vocational schools
72、 have made a serious comeback.Apparently instructors are in short supply in sunny LA.，where there are 13 jobs at vocational schools for every applicant on the market.This is a great opportunity for skilled retirees since，unlike teaching at a public school that requires a state certificate，the only r
73、equirement here is that you be a seasoned expert in your field.Encore Career：Business Consultant Retire in：Miami，FLConsulting is a great option for a retired business professional looking to make their own hours，be their own boss，and earn as much or as little as needed to maintain their standard of
74、living.For every consultant in Miami right now，there are 13 businesses hoping to hire them.Theres even greater demand here than in Washington DC.，which is typically considered the consulting capital of the world.Encore Career：Tourist WranglerRetire in：Austin，TXAs the economy continues to boom and mo
75、re Americans have extra income to spend，the tourism industry has taken off.This is particularly true in Austin，TX，where there were 36 tourism jobs for every applicant in July.Between fourstar hotels，the noisy rock and roll scene，and a new food culture，Austin is the place to be if you want to work in
76、 service industry.Encore Career：Supporter of the Arts Retire in：Charleston，SCIf youre a Baby Boomer with a degree in the arts，now could be the perfect time to revisit your passion for creativity，especially if you also want to live in the center of southern charm.Between the 14 art galleries on King
77、Street in Old Town，an abundance of acting companies and theaters，and music festivals，its not surprising that there were 25 jobs for every arty applicant in Charleston.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的四个热门地点，以及这些地点的详细情况和职业要求。21Which career focuses on an applicants skills instead of a diploma?AVocation
78、al School Instructor.BBusiness Consultant.CTourist Wrangler.DSupporter of the Arts.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一部分对Vocational School Instructor的介绍的最后一句可知，该岗位对有技能的退休人员来说是一个很好的机会，因为它不像在公立学校教书那样需要国家证书，这里唯一的要求是你在你的领域里是一个经验丰富的专家，即注重申请人的技能而不是文凭。故选A。22Which city offers an applicant more job options than the others?ALos
79、Angeles. BMiami.CAustin. DCharleston.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三部分对Tourist Wrangler的介绍的第一、二句可知，随着经济的持续繁荣，越来越多的美国人有额外的收入可供消费，旅游业也开始腾飞。德克萨斯州奥斯汀的情况尤其如此，今年7月，每位求职者就有36个旅游业岗位可以选择，故奥斯汀给求职者提供的工作选择比其他城市多。故选C。23Who is the text intended for?AChildren. BGraduates.CRetirees. DTourists.答案C解析读者对象题。根据文章的标题“Hot Spots for Retir
80、ees to Start Their Encore Career”以及全文内容可知，文章是针对退休人员的。故选C。B(2019丽水模拟)Closeness and independence are both important in our life.Though all humans need both of them，women tend to focus on the first and men on the second.It is as if their lifeblood ran in different directions.These differences can give
81、women and men different views of the same situation，as they did in the case of couple I will call Tracy and Brian.When Brians old high school friend called him at work and announced hed be in town on business the following month，Brian invited him to stay for the weekend.That evening he informed Trac
82、y that they were going to have a houseguest，and that he and his friend would go out together the first night to chat like old times.Tracy was upset.She was going to be away on business the week before，and the Friday night when Brian would be out with his friend would be her first night home.But what
83、 upset her most was that Brian had made these plans on his own and informed her of them，rather than discussing them with her before extending the invitation.Tracy would never make plans for a weekend or an evening，without first checking with Brian.She cant understand why he doesnt show her the same
84、courtesy and consideration that she shows him.But when she protests，Brian says，“I cant say to my friend，I have to ask my wife for permission！”To Brian，checking with his wife means seeking permission，which implies that he is not independent，not free to act on his own.To Tracy，checking with her husban
85、d makes her feel good to know and show that she is involved with someone，that her life is bound up with someone elses.Tracy and Brian both felt upset by this incident because it cut to the core of their primary concerns.Tracy was hurt because she sensed a failure of closeness in their relationship:
86、He didnt care about her as much as she cared about him.And he was hurt because he felt she was trying to control him and limit his freedom.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章通过虚构的两个主人翁(一对夫妇)Tracy 和 Brian，解释了夫妻双方的不同之处：妻子在意的是夫妻之间的亲密，而丈夫更在乎自己的独立。24What is the primary purpose of the author in writing this passage?ATo educa
87、te the reader on how to maintain good family relationships.BTo tell the reader how to make close connections with other people.CTo suggest the best way of coping with family conflicts.DTo explain the difference in communication styles between men and women.答案D解析写作意图题。文章从第一段开始就讲述男女的需求和关注点不同，后面以Tracy和
88、Brian这对夫妇的例子来说明男女因交流方式不同而造成的冲突。因此作者写作本文的目的在于解释男女交流方式的不同。故选D。25Tracy was upset because .Ashe didnt know Brians friendBshe was too busy to meet Brians friendCBrian didnt care about her and hurt her deeplyDBrian didnt consult her before inviting his friend home答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But what upset her th
89、e most was that Brian had made these plans on his own and informed her of them，rather than discussing them with her before extending the invitation.”可知，Tracy感到心烦是因为 Brian邀请朋友来家里之前没和自己商量。故选D。26What would Tracy most probably do if she planned to buy something expensive?AShe would discuss with Brian.BS
90、he would simply decide on her own.CShe would ask her friends for advice.DShe would buy Brian something expensive first.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Tracy would never make plans for a weekend or an evening，without first checking with Brian.”可推知，Tracy在买昂贵的物品时会和Brian商量。故选A。27According to the passage，compared wi
91、th men，women tend to .Abe more emotionalBbe easier to get hurtCemphasize more on sharingDemphasize more on independence答案C解析推理判断题。文章第一段就指出：女性更倾向于亲近，男性更倾向于独立。由此可以推断出，女性更愿意与人分享，从而使关系更亲近。A、B选项文中未提及，D选项情况刚好相反，应该是男性更倾向于独立。故选C。.七选五Practical Ways to Show Respect for a FriendShow respect for their life choi
92、ces and decisions.Accept that people arent always going to be just like you.They will make different life choices，have different views on politics and religion，and act differently in many ways.This doesnt mean they cant be your friend. 28 Give them the benefit of the doubt. 29 If youre in doubt abou
93、t something，ask your friend.Be respectful and give them the benefit of the doubt when you dont do.This alone will help you stay in their good graces(好感)Give friends your full attention.One of the best ways to show respect for someone is to listen to them carefully.Allow them to pause，convey nonverba
94、l communication clues，collect their thoughts，and get it all out.Too often friends listen with half an ear or jump in the minute their friend pauses with an even worse story. 30 When your friend is talking，pay attention. 31 Treat your friends respectfully when you argue with them.Make your friendship
95、 a safe place by not embarrassing your friend or expressing your private disagreements in front of other people.Be publicly supportive and kind to your friends so they know you value your friendship with them.Show up，be there，and do what you say youre going to do. 32 So just show your friend the bes
96、t kind of respect by being on time，keeping promises，and being the one friend they can always count on.Thats the way to truly show respect.AAssumptions can be a dangerous thing.BConsider your friendship a precious gift.CThis type of behavior is very disrespectful.DTell your friends what you think abo
97、ut them directly.EIn fact，you can almost do nothing but accept the differences.FIt means that youll need to take a step back，reserve judgment，and show respect.GNo one likes an unreliable friend who says theyll be there and then doesnt show.28答案F解析上文提到不同的人有不同的选择，不同的观点，甚至在很多方面都不同，这并不意味着人们彼此不能成为朋友。F项“这
98、意味着你只需退一步，保留意见并表示尊重”与上文内容联系紧密，符合语境，故选F。29答案A解析根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，本段建议朋友之间坦诚相待，不能乱猜疑。A项“猜忌是一件危险的事情”符合语境，故选A。30答案C解析根据本段内容可知，本段建议认真听朋友讲话。空格处前一句列举了在听朋友讲话时不恰当的行为。C项“这种行为非常不礼貌”承接上文，符合语境，故选C。31答案B解析根据本段最后一句中的“so they know you value your friendship with them”可知，本段主要陈述了应该珍惜友谊，与B项一致，故选B。32答案G解析根据本段小标题“Show up，be there，and do what you say youre going to do.”并结合本段内容可知，本段建议朋友之间要信守承诺，说到做到。G项“没人喜欢嘴上说着将会到达然后并没有出现的靠不住的朋友”符合语境，故选G。