1、写作层级训练层级一奠基起始理清句子8大成分众所周知，句子有若干个组成部分，它们分别承担着不同的作用，组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语中的句子成分分为主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(appositive)八种。一、主语习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或
2、省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。My school is planning to hold class meetings about Chinese traditional culture and will post some of the meetings on an English website. (名词作主语)(2021全国甲卷书面表达)To let China go to the world and let the world understand China is my first aim.(不定式短语作主语)(201
3、9全国卷书面表达)What is the most impressive is its many multilevel waterfalls and colorful lakes.(what引导的主语从句作主语)(20213月天津卷书面表达)It was shown that only ten percent of the students were able to be devoted to their study. (代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)(2020北京高考书面表达)名师点津：当从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(主语从句)
4、后置。二、谓语坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词或动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。谓语的构成如下：1简单谓语：由一个实义动词或动词短语构成。They advised getting the whole class involved in a brainstorm conference for studying more effectively.(2020北京高考书面表达)The text mainly focuses on the story
5、of a robot.(2020全国卷书面表达)2复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；(2)由系动词加表语构成。These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizon.(2021新高考卷应用文写作)Shy and negative，I was unconfident to join any activity during that time. (2021新高考卷应用文写作)三、宾语一直受到压制，有时“翻身农奴把歌唱”宾语表示谓语动作的对象，一般位于及物动词或介词的后面，受到主语的限制和制约。宾语一般由名词(短语)、
6、宾格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式或宾语从句等充当，根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。宾语在被动结构中才会“翻身农奴把歌唱”成为主语。1双宾语(间接宾语直接宾语)Serving as my role model，my mother has given me valuable spiritual wealth，and definitely，she deserves the highest praise! (me为间接宾语，infinite valuable spiritual wealth为直接宾语)(2020全国卷书面表达)2复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)I would like you to
7、 give us your guidance and encouragement.(you为宾语，to give us your guidance and encouragement为宾语补足语)(2019全国卷书面表达)四、表语最会察言观色，就看“主子”脸色表语一般位于系动词(如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后，用以说明主语这个“主子”的身份、特征和状态等，一般由名词、名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。Serious as he is and seldom expresses himself，
8、he always cares about my study and life from all aspects.(形容词作表语)(2020全国卷书面表达)More importantly，the other reason is that the documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences its history，food，art and so on.(从句作表语)(2020江苏高考书面表达)五、定语鞍前马后搞服务，全心全意勤务兵修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。定语服
9、务于它所修饰或限定的名词或代词，可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语从句等充当。定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。As you see，the students in our school are always hardworking.(从句和介词短语作定语)My dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.(非谓语动词作后置定语)六、状语行踪飘忽不定，却对动词“情有独钟”修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一
10、般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步、方式、程度等意义。状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句等充当。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，所以说它“行踪飘忽不定”。常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构后，强调时放在句首，修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般放在时间状语之前；一些表示频度的副词(如often，almost等)作状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。高考中一般考查副词修饰动词的用法，故说它对动词“情有独钟”。In my growing up，she frequently re
11、minded me of the belief to value education and to be helpful.(副词作状语)(2020全国卷书面表达)The ceremony was scheduled to be held on June 8.(介词短语作状语)(2020天津高考书面表达)Learning the COVID19 appeared，he put himself into the battle again without hesitation.(非谓语动词作状语)(2020全国卷书面表达)I came across a problem when I was adap
12、ting an English text into a short play.(从句作状语)(2020全国卷书面表达)七、补语始终寄人篱下，永远成不了主人补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语，所以说它寄人篱下，成不了“主人”。补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句等充当。Upon approaching the house，I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck，looking upset.(现在分词短语作宾语补足语)(2021浙江卷读后续写)He was see
13、n playing basketball on the playground yesterday. (现在分词短语作主语补足语)八、同位语总是玩失踪，特殊场合还是“显露原形”对句子中的名词(短语)或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的，所以说它爱玩失踪。如果要对前面的名词的具体内容作进一步的说明，这时候就需要同位语，可谓“显露原形”。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。When we were about to leave，the bear appeared from a dis
14、tance，running towards us，with three other bears，a mother bear and two baby bears.(名词短语作同位语)(2020浙江高考读后续写)The most beloved and respected person around me is my teacher，Ms Li.(名词作同位语)(2020全国卷书面表达)综合演练一用以下符号划分句子成分1In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.2Word came t
15、hat the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week.3We havent decided when to discuss the question again.4At the same time，parents are giving their children too much protection.5We should follow the doctors advice.6Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.7In fact，he inspired me to
16、 major in English in college.8Music can make our mind in a peaceful state after a whole day of tiring work.答案：1In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard2Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week3We havent decided when to discuss the questio
17、n again.4At the same time，parents are giving their children too much protection.5We should follow the (doctors) advice.6Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheeredwith joy7In fact，he inspired me to major in English in college8Music can make our mind in a peaceful state after a whole day of tiring w
18、ork.层级二表达规范正确使用5大句型句式(一)简约却不简单的“主语谓语(vi.)(状语)”结构1主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive，come，lie，shine，live，walk，fall，rise，happen，exist，ride，occur，agree，write等。2谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如come up(被提出)，run out (用完)，get by(勉强生存)，come out(出版)，break down (出故障)，dro
19、p by(顺便拜访)，pass out(晕倒)等。The racing route began at our school gate and ended at the foot of the South Hill.(2020新高考全国卷写作)比赛路线从我们学校门口开始，到南山脚下结束。An important volleyball match is approaching.(2019全国卷书面表达)一场重要的排球比赛即将来临。In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.(2019全国卷
20、书面表达)在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。The upcoming music festival will take place in our school.(2019全国卷书面表达)即将到来的音乐节将在我们学校举行。注意：不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语，要特别注意英汉表达的差异。His home broke out a fire last night.()他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。A fire broke out in his home last night.() 即时训练翻译句子(主语不及物动词)1(2021浙江卷读后续写)父亲驾驶的卡车经常半路抛锚。_The truck my dad
21、 drove often broke down halfway._ 2(2020全国卷书面表达)上周末，我和我的同学骑自行车去新兴农场摘草莓。_Last weekend，my classmates and I went to Xinxing Farm by bike to pick strawberries._3(2019全国卷书面表达)在比赛中友谊第一。_Friendship always comes first in the competition._4(2019全国卷书面表达)比赛将于下午2点开始，大约持续3个小时。_The competition will begin at 2 pm.
22、 and last for roughly 3 hours._5(2019北京高考书面表达)第二天，我们一早就出发了。_The next day，we set off early in the morning._句式(二)众人青睐的“主谓宾(状语)”结构“主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的青睐，是因为它跟我们的思维方式最接近，因而这个句型也是考生在写作中运用最多的。它的基本结构是：主语谓语(vt.)宾语(状语)1该句型中的谓语是及物动词，如respect，admire，ignore，provide，upset，appreciate等。其后可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句等作宾语。2
23、谓语动词也可以是及物动词短语，如communicate with(交流)，stand for(代表，象征)，get on with(与相处)，look forward to (盼望)，come across(偶然碰到)，等等。Both students and teachers hope to hold such activities again.(2020新高考全国卷写作)学生和老师都希望能再次举办这样的活动。I would appreciate your taking my application into consideration.(2019全国卷书面表达)您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感
24、激。I can communicate with visitors without difficulty.(2019全国卷书面表达)我可以毫无困难地与来访者沟通。I am looking forward to enjoying your wonderful lecture.(2019天津高考书面表达)我期待着欣赏你精彩的演讲。注意：(1)有些“主谓宾”结构的句子虽然短小，但表达的含义更精确，语言更地道。写作中并不一定句子越长越好。I could not say any word.Words failed me.(单词虽然少，句子更精悍)(2)在写作中，同学们比较擅长使用主动语态。如果能灵活使用
25、被动语态，会给句子添彩不少。I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.I am not sure whether all the college graduates can get employed after graduation. 即时训练翻译句子(“主谓宾”结构)1(2020新高考全国卷写作)从生活到日常训练，我们队正在为比赛做准备。_Our team is preparing for the game from living to daily training._2(20
26、19全国卷书面表达)此外，我还可以详细介绍中国画。_In addition，I can explain the Chinese paintings in detail._3(2019全国卷书面表达)此外，充足的睡眠和健康的饮食无疑会使我们获得胜利。_Besides，enough sleep and healthy diet will unquestionably lead to our winning._4(2018全国卷书面表达)我相信你会玩得很开心。_I have the confidence that you will have a good time._5(2021新高考卷读后续写)他
27、们做了面包，然后继续煮粥。_They made the bread and then went on cooking porridge._句式(三)独一无二的“主系表”结构汉语没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主系表”结构比较有个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一无二的。它主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。它的基本结构是：主语系动词(link.v.)表语1这种句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语或非谓语动词形式等。常见的系动词有be，还有感官系动词(sound，look，smell，taste，feel)；变化系动词(become，ge
28、t，grow，turn，go，fall，run)；持续系动词(remain，keep，hold，stay)；表象系动词(seem，appear，look)等。Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.(2020全国卷书面表达)李叔叔不顾感染的危险，对工作负责，尽心尽力。The traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish.(2019江苏高考书面表达)中国传统服装看起来更漂亮，更时尚。No
29、w we feel released and very energetic in class.现在我们在课堂上感到轻松，精力充沛。2在主系表结构中要注意英汉表达的差异，避免中式英语。这件外套很贵。The price of the coat is very expensive.()The coat is very expensive.()The price of the coat is very high. ()表示价格的词price可用“高”或“低”，即high或low来修饰，而不可像汉语一样用“贵”或“便宜”来形容。 即时训练补全句子/翻译句子(“主系表”结构)1(2021新高考卷读后续写)
30、美味的早餐准备好了。_Delicious breakfast was ready._2(2020全国卷书面表达)看到我们的劳动成果打包装上卡车，我们都感到很满意。Seeing our fruits of labor were packed and loaded onto the truck，_we all felt satisfied_.3(2020浙江卷书面表达)你现在感觉好些了吗？_Are you feeling any better now？_4(2019全国卷书面表达)我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。_My aim is to let China go to the worl
31、d_ and let the world understand China.5(2018北京高考书面表达)收到你的来信并知道你要来北京，我很高兴。_Im happy to receive your letter_ and know youre coming to Beijing.句式(四)一拖二的“主谓宾宾”结构“主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到，具有独特的魅力。与及物动词跟一个单个的宾语结构相比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名词(短语)相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语谓语(vt.)间接宾语(人)直接宾语(物)1间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面，如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面，那么中间需
32、要加上一个介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的动词：give，offer，hand，show，throw，pass，pay，send，sell，tell，lend，write 等。(如：give sb. sth.give sth. to sb.)However busy he is，he writes me an email every week.However busy he is，he writes an email to me every week.不管他多忙，他每周都会给我写一封电子邮件。Mr Smith gave me some advice and lent me an Englis
33、h dictionary.Mr Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。2可用介词for来变换间接宾语的动词：make，buy，cook，find，get，order，sing，spare，fetch等。(如：make sb.sth.make sth.for sb.)He bought me a bicycle.He bought a bicycle for me.他给我买了一辆自行车。Can you get me some stamps？Can you
34、get some stamps for me?你能帮我拿些邮票吗？注意：ask，answer，take，cost等，这一类动词无法改变结构形式。May I ask you a question？我可以问你一个问题吗？ 即时训练补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)1(20207月浙江高考应用文写作)我们都非常想念你，祝你早日完全康复。We all miss you very much and _wish you a quick and complete recovery_.2(2019浙江高考写作)我祝你今后一切顺利，旅途愉快。_I wish you all the best in the f
35、uture_ and have a good journey.3(2019全国卷书面表达)开幕式将于上午9点开始，我们的校长将首先给我们发表讲话。The opening ceremony will start at 9：00 a.m. and _our headmaster will give us a speech first._4(2018全国卷书面表达)希望我能提供给你一些有用的建议。_Hopefully，I can offer you some helpful suggestions._5(2017北京高考书面表达)那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。_That surely gave u
36、s a great sense of achievement._句式(五)缺一不可的“主谓宾补”结构“主谓宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构是：主语谓语(vt.)宾语宾语补足语1常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call，name，elect，make，appoint，leave，co
37、nsider，keep，wish等。We all call him a living dictionary我们都叫他“活字典”。2常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe，think，get，keep，make，find，set，wish，consider，prove，leave，paint，drive等。It was Mr Liu who made me aware of the importance of learning English well(2020全国卷书面表达)是刘老师使我意识到学好英语的重要性。3常用现在分词和省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词有：see，noti
38、ce，hear，watch，observe，feel等。He saw me waiting in the rain他看到我在雨中等。Did you see him go out？你看到他出去了吗？4常用to do作宾补的及物动词有：advise，ask，command，encourage，forbid，permit，persuade，get等。Our maths teacher always encourages us to work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers我们的数学老师经常鼓励我们自己解
39、决问题而不是被告知答案。5有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语谓语it宾补真正的宾语”。常见的动词有：think，find，consider，feel，make等。The student has made it a rule to read English magazines every day.这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。注意：考生在写作时切忌好高骛远，在没有把握基本的简单句的情况下，不要轻易尝试很复杂的句子。要从自己可以掌控的东西出发，先学会把自己的思想表达成为得体的简单句，进而对之进行再加工、转换，方能创作出漂亮的作
40、文。 即时训练翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构)1(2011新课标卷书面表达)我上个月来到这里，发现我的课程有趣的。_I came last month and found my courses interesting._2(2017新课标卷)我建议你提前了解唐代的简史。_I advise you to learn about the brief history of the Tang dynasty in advance._3(2019全国卷书面表达)我想你能给予我们指导和鼓励。_I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement
41、._4(2019浙江6月高考写作)父母认为这对于建立孩子的信心是很有用的。_Parents think it very useful to build their childrens confidence._5作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。_As a high school student，I consider English a very important subject._综合演练二.指出下列句子属于方框内的哪种基本句式1To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult._B_2Tom d
42、idnt do his homework yesterday._C_3Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now？_E_4The days get longer and longer when summer comes._B_5My father bought a new bike for me last week._D_6They found the house decorated with beautiful flowers._E_7They arrived here at 1000 yesterday m
43、orning._A_8The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill._C_.按要求完成下列各题(一)用简单句翻译句子1我们的英语老师非常年轻而且有耐心。_Our English teacher is very young and patient._2他两年前从大学毕业。_He graduated from college two years ago._3他经常给我们提供一些好的学习英语的建议。_He often offers us some good advice on English learning./He often offers som
44、e good advice on English learning to us._4他尽力使他的课活泼有趣。_He tries to make his classes lively and interesting._5他要求我们每天早上背诵一些英语单词。_He asks us to recite some English words every morning._6在他的帮助下，我们大多数人都取得了很大的进步。_Most of us have made great progress with his help._7我们为拥有这样一位好老师感到自豪。_We feel proud to have
45、such a good teacher._(二)把上述句子连成一篇100词左右的短文，可适当增加细节_参考范文Our English teacher is very young and patient.He graduated from college two years ago.He has been working hard since he came to our school.Finding some of us are weak in English，he often offers us some good advice on English learning.In addition
46、，he tries to make his classes lively and interesting.Whats more，he asks us to recite some English words every morning.As a result，most of us have made great progress with his help.We all like his classes and admire him very much.In a word，we feel proud to have such a good teacher.层级三靓化词汇学会运用高级表达英语书面
47、表达第五档作文中提到：语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。换句话说，如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。因此，为了让文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇。高级词汇的使用能够给文章增添色彩和画面感。它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助考生获得高分。要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：一、使用亮点词汇的4种方法1标新立异“语”众不同在写作时，恰当地使用一些别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会体现出自己的高水平。(1) He will also spend some time in staying with me
48、 and share many funny things with me about his work.He will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.(2020全国卷书面表达)(2)I like the school uniform better than the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.I prefer the school uniform to th
49、e traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.(2019江苏高考书面表达)(3)When I meet problems in English learning，my teacher listens to me patiently and explains them carefully.When I encounter problems in English learning，my teacher listens to me patiently and explains them carefully.(2020全国
50、卷书面表达)(4) Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years. And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years. And word came that a short film will be shown in our school. (2018全国卷书面表达)(5)Im busy with my les
51、sons now，for the College Entrance Examination，which is very important to me，is near.Im occupied with my lessons now，for the College Entrance Examination，which is of great importance to me，is around the corner. (天津高考书面表达)2多样表达避免重复在写作时，应尽量避免重复使用相同的单词或短语，要尽量用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。(1)Beside
52、s，it provides us with many learning resources and many learning ways.Whats more，it provides us with a wide range of learning resources and flexible learning ways.(2021全国乙卷书面表达)(2)First of all，youd better arrive on time because it is polite to be on time in China.First of all，youd better arrive on ti
53、me because it is polite to be punctual in China.(2018 全国卷书面表达)3短语优先语言生动当单词和短语表示同一个意思时，优先使用短语。恰当使用短语，一方面能使文章更加生动，另一方面也能展示出学生扎实的语言功底。(1)If it is convenient，may I visit you at your office next Tuesday to give you more details?If it is convenient，may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give
54、 you more details? (2020全国卷书面表达)(2)The match will be held in our school gym on the afternoon of July 4th.The match will take place in our school gym on the afternoon of July 4th. (2019全国卷书面表达)(3)Hopefully，these suggestions would be helpful/beneficial to you.Hopefully，these suggestions would be of gr
55、eat help/benefit to you. (2018全国卷书面表达)(4)To learn more about the development of our school，all the students are welcome to watch the short film Growing Together.With the aim of learning more about the development of our school，all the students are welcome to watch the short film Growing Together. (2
56、018全国卷书面表达)4高级词汇凸显水平为了表现自己的语言功底，显示出自己的写作水平，应避免反复使用低年级学过的简单词汇，尽量使用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。(1)The peaches were ripe and soft and I want to take a bite.The peaches were ripe and soft and I couldnt wait to take a bite. (2020全国卷书面表达)(2)You are definitely welcome to join in the festival，which will give color and fun
57、 to our festival. You are definitely welcome to show up on stage，which will add color and fun to our festival.(2019全国卷书面表达)(3) If you take my advice you are sure to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.So long as you take my advice you are bound to have the most unfo
58、rgettable experience during your college in Beijing. (2018北京高考书面表达第一节)二、使用亮点词汇的2点注意1注意增加亮词的“出镜率”，变消极词汇为积极词汇阅读中能认识但写作中不会用的词汇属于消极词汇，写作中能运用自如的词汇为积极词汇，也就是平常所说的“第一反应词”。积极词汇量的多少直接决定着英语作文表达水平的高低。现在很多考生的困难是，头脑中的很多词汇介于积极词汇与消极词汇之间；另外，很多背过的消极词汇如果较长时间不接触就会变成陌生词汇。因此在备考过程中，考生要做的事情就是迅速扩大消极词汇量并且保持接触的频度，力争使其变成积极词汇。很
59、多考生作文驻足不前的一个重要原因是反复使用初中学过的简单词汇，背了大量的亮词妙语而不用。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”。例如想表达“美丽的”这个含义，大家首先想到的是“beautiful”，那么在下笔时，要想一想还有没有更出彩的表达，如“attractive”或“charming”等。再如表达“困难的”时，大家常用“difficult”，那是不是用“tough”或“challenging”更与众不同呢？2注意亮点词汇使用的场合写作时，在用词上不可随心所欲，决不能为追求“高级”而使用复杂但毫无把握的词语，也不能满篇堆积所谓的“高级
60、”词汇，否则给人过分炫耀之嫌，得不偿失。一般来说，一篇文章能用好三至五个高级词汇就可以了。另外，为能更好地“完成规定的写作任务”，减少错误，特别提醒考生在使用“高级词汇”时，一定要注意遵循“准确、恰当”的原则，并且要注意使用的场合，难词和生僻词汇并不一定就是高级词汇，例如：一大早我们买了一些圣诞礼物。Early in the morning we purchased some Christmas presents.(purchased太过于书面化，改为bought更地道)三、写作的秘密武器24个高级词汇名词普通词汇高级词汇普通词汇高级词汇chanceopportunitychoicealter
61、nativeideaopinionpeopleindividualresultconsequenceeffectinfluence动词havepossesreplacesubstitutebearput up withunderstandmake sense ofdeveloppromoteconsidertake into account形容词enoughadequaterichabundantproperappropriateimportantvital/significantinterestingabsorbing/appealingdifficultchallenging副词final
62、lyeventuallyhardlybarelyimmediatelyin a flashnowadayscurrently连词sothereforeandas well as(1)It is of importance for you to understand the content，Tang poetry.It is of importance for you to make sense of the content，Tang poetry.It is of importance for you to be aware of the content，Tang poetry.(2) Tha
63、ts why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better alternative.(3) In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult.In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging.四、写作的顶级装备27个加分词汇表达关注的名
64、词attention，focus，concern 表达争论的名词discussion，debate，argument 表达现象的名词phenomenon表达优缺点的名词advantage，disadvantage，strength，weakness 表达增长或下降的动词increase，accumulate，decrease，decline表达导致后果的动词短语result in，lead to，bring about，contribute to，give rise to表达支持、反对的动词短语approve of，be in favor of，object to 表达可能性的形容词likel
65、y 表达有好处的形容词beneficial 表达强调的副词particularly，especially (1)The picture shows a common phenomenon these days.这幅图显示了这些日子的一个常见现象。(2)The Internet has brought about many changes in the workplace.网络给工作场所带来了很多变化。(3)Our teacher is likely to get angry when she sees the dirty floor.我们的老师看到地面这么脏时，可能会发火。综合演练三I.请用高
66、级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分1We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it._keen on_2Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September. _more than_3We are desperately in need of your help. As a result，I sincerely invite you to join us. _As a consequence_4So，please spend
67、some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty，which will help you prepare for your class._ Therefore；make preparations for_5The craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot._various/a range of_6In order to get a better understanding of Tang poetr
68、y，I advise you to learn some brief history of the Tang Dynasty in advance. _acquire_ 7Our class thought of the idea to make better use of used materials. _came up with_8The reasons are the following. _as follows_9At the same time，I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those use
69、less things._made up my mind_10As high school students，we should be neatly dressed when at school._are supposed to_11Theres no harm in your staying up late sometimes._occasionally/once in a while_ 12The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses._challenging_.句型转换1She di
70、dnt listen to what her teacher said in the class.She _turned a deaf ear to_ what her teacher said in the class. (ear)2. At that time，I realized that she didnt tell the truth.At that time，_it occurred to me_ that she didnt tell the truth.(occur)3You should finish your homework before you play footbal
71、l.You _are supposed to_ finish your homework before you play football. (suppose)4In my opinion，neither you nor she has met the standard._As far as Im concerned_ ，neither you nor she has met the standard. (concern)5I cant bear the way she treats her parents any longer.I _can no longer put up with_ th
72、e way she treats her parents. (put)6During the mountainclimbing，please help each other and pay special attention to your safety._In the course of_ the mountainclimbing，please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. (course)7After five hours nonstop work，we were all tired.After five
73、 hours nonstop work，we were all _worn out_. (wear)8Jack is very clever，who often thinks of new ideas.Jack is very clever，who often _comes up with_ new ideas. (come).请用高级词汇对下文黑体部分进行提升考生作文Dear Peter，It is a great honor for me to invite you to 1. take part in the activity “Build a Civilized Campus” thi
74、s month.We 2. plan to go hand in hand to 3. build our civilized campus where beauty and harmony meet. To achieve the goal，well 4. ask the school to communicate with each other in polite words. Meanwhile，we 5. should behave ourselves and obey school rules. As a nice environment 6. is good for us，well
75、 7. try our best to create a pleasant school environment. All the above is to 8. lead to the good conduct of teachers and students in our school.It would be nice if you could join us.Yours，Li Hua升格作文Dear Peter，It is a great honor for me to invite you to 1._participate in_ the activity “Build a Civil
76、ized Campus” this month.We 2._aim to_ go hand in hand to 3._ set up_ our civilized campus where beauty and harmony meet. To achieve the goal，well 4._call on_ the school to communicate with each other in polite words. Meanwhile，we 5._are supposed to_ behave ourselves and obey school rules. As a nice
77、environment 6. _is beneficial to_ us，well 7._spare no effort_ to create a pleasant school environment. All the above is to 8._contribute to_ the good conduct of teachers and students in our school.It would be nice if you could join us.Yours，Li Hua层级四锤炼句式学会运用高级结构高考评分标准中的“复杂结构的运用及较多的语法结构”就是指句子结构的复合性和句
78、型的多样性。不论是复杂结构的运用，如强调句、倒装句等句型、含有名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的复合句，还是较多的语法结构，如分词和不定式等非谓语动词的运用都指向句式的转换问题。不容置疑，这些复杂结构的运用及较多的语法结构会增加文章的表达力度、提升文章的档次。增分句式(一)独立又相依的并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系，通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。它的基本模式是：简单句并列连词简单句。(一)常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系(递进关系)and，
79、when，both.and.，not only.but (also).，neither.nor.转折关系but，yet，whereas选择关系or，otherwise，or else，either.or.，not.but.因果关系for，so对比关系while(1)The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.(2021新高考卷读后续写)这对双胞胎把早饭带上楼，叫醒了妈妈。(2)Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su Hua pre
80、fers the school uniform.(2019江苏高考书面表达)李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华更喜欢校服。(3)You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in Beijing，so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.(2018北京高考书面表达)你可能在适应北京生活方面有困难，因此我建议你提前做好充分准备。(4)If youre interested in it，either you may send an email to 12345 or yo
81、u can sign up in person.(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345或亲自报名。(二)并列句的常见句型1either.or.要么要么It had also given me a choice，either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.(2018江苏)这也给了我一个选择，要么把那页纸留作空白，要么怀着希望继续写故事。2not only.but also.不但而且Through the exhibition，not only can you admi
82、re wonderful pictures，but also enable you understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better. (2021浙江高考书面表达)通过这次展览，你不仅可以欣赏到精彩的画面，还可以更好地了解中国画的艺术。3not.but.不是而是She did not ask others to help her，but finished the whole work by herself that day.那天她没有叫别人帮忙，而是自己完成了所有的工作。4for.因为We listened eagerly，fo
83、r he brought news of our families.我们急不可待地听着，因为他带来了我们家人的消息。5while.而/然而The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields.儿子在家吃好饭，而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。6祈使句/名词词组and/or/otherwise陈述句Work harder，or/otherwise you will fail in the next exam.学习再努力一些，否则下次考试你会不及格的。7be doing.when.正在做这时I
84、was walking to school this morning when I heard someone call me.今天早上我正步行去上学，这时突然听到有人喊我。(三)在写作中使用并列句时的常见错误1because和so，although/though和but使用不当2when和while误用 即时训练用适当的并列连词填空1(2021全国高考乙卷书面表达)Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. _Bu
85、t_ being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages.2(2019全国卷书面表达)To sum up，I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school._And_ I firmly believe hard work will pay off!3(2019江苏高考书面表达)The school uniforms are fine，_but_ not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour.4
86、(2018天津高考书面表)I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award，_so_you must have accumulated much experience in it.5(2017全国卷书面表达)Im sure that it will interest you，_for_ you have been enthusiastic about pingpong. _Therefore_，Id like to invite you to join the team.综合演练四按要求完成下列
87、各题(一)用并列句翻译句子1上周日我们去野营，一路上非常兴奋。_We went camping last Sunday and we were very excited all the way._2我们不但带着食物和水，还画了一张地图。_Not only did we bring some food and water，but we also drew a map._3我们不是去玩，而是去探索些什么。_We didnt go to play，but went to explore something._4我们在森林里走着时，天突然开始下雨了。_We were walking in the fo
88、rest when it began to rain._5我们正要出去时，雨下得更大了。_We were about to walk out when it rained more heavily._6后来雨停了，所以我们从洞里走了出来。_Later the rain stopped，so we walked out of the cave._(二)把上述句子连成一篇100词左右的短文，可适当增加细节_参考范文We went camping last Sunday and we were very excited all the way.Not only did we bring some f
89、ood and water，but we also drew a map.As a matter of fact，we didnt go to play，but went to explore something.Unfortunately，we were walking in the forest when it began to rain.Therefore，we had to enter a cave to shelter.We were neither feeling nervous nor disappointed.We were about to walk out when it
90、rained more heavily.Later the rain stopped，so we walked out of the cave.增分句式(二)吸引眼球的定语从句定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。(一)定语从句的类型1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。(1)My father is a teacher who loves his wor
91、k and his students very much. (2020全国卷书面表达)我父亲是一位非常热爱工作和学生的老师。(2)Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary crosscountry running race，which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school. (2020新全国卷书面表达)上星期天，我们学校举行了一场非同寻常的越野赛跑，几乎引起了全校师生的注意。(3)As scheduled，all of you will visit the m
92、useum，which contains the splendid history of our school.(2021浙江1月高考书面表达)按计划，你们所有人都要参观博物馆，那里有我们学校辉煌的历史。2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。(1)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.(2018北京高考书面表达)它的中国文学
93、专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。(2)The reason why I love western music is that the piece of music named Fate Symphony by Beethoven has inspired me a lot to move on when I am in difficulty.(2019天津高考书面表达)我之所以喜欢西方音乐，是因为贝多芬的命运交响曲激励了我在困难中前进。3“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句Collecting materials took us a whole
94、week，during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.(2017北京高考书面表达)搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。(二)定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”： 【示例】第一步：写出两个简单句。The foreigner is from Canada.He visited our class yesterday.第二步：在句中找出一处要修饰的词汇：the
95、foreigner。第三步：用句充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 即时训练用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句1. I have a friend. Her father is an engineer._I have a friend whose father is an engineer._2. I will go on a trip to S
96、ichuan. There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan._I will go on a trip to Sichuan，where there are a great number of places of interest._3. This is the best method. It can be used to control pollution._This is the best method that can be used to control pollution._4. Ive always longed
97、 for the days. I will be able to be independent then._Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent._5. Through the course of my schooling，I met many teachers.Two of them influenced me greatly._Through the course of my schooling，I met many teachers，two of whom influenced me gr
98、eatly._综合演练五用定语从句补全句子1(2021新高考卷应用文写作)虽然我被拒绝了，但我仍然得到了一些很大的鼓励，这给了我成为一名作家的信心。Refused as I was，I still received some great encouragement，_which gives me confidence to be a writer_.2(2021浙江1月高考书面表达)如上所述，我非常希望你能来。_As mentioned above_，I extremely expect your coming.3(2019全国卷书面表达)比赛定于周六下午在市体育场举办，比赛旨在帮助我们与你的
99、学校交流和增进友谊。The match is due to be held this Saturday afternoon in the citys stadium，_whose aim is to help us communicate with_your school_ and promote our friendship.4(2019全国卷书面表达)另外，你会玩一个有趣的游戏，如果你赢了，你可以得到一份礼物。Also，you will play an interesting game，_in which/where you can get a gift_ if you win.5(201
100、8浙江高考写作)我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平，并且帮助外国学生更好地了解中国文化。_The reason why I want to apply for the_ position is that_I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.6(2017全国卷书面表达)我们将学习唐朝时期写的一些中国诗歌。We are going to learn some Chinese poems _that/whi
101、ch were written in the Tang Dynasty_.7(全国卷书面表达)六月的最后一个周日怎么样？那时考试已经结束，我们都有时间。How about the last Sunday of June，_when the examination is over and we are free_？8(四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。There are four seasons in a year，_each of which has distinctive features_.增分句式(三)富有文采的状语从句状语从句主要包括时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、
102、结果、让步、比较和方式九类从句。1时间状语从句常用when(当时)，as(当时)，while(在过程中)，before(在之前)，after(在之后)，since(自从以来)，till/until(直到)，by the time (that)(到时候)，as soon as/the moment/no sooner.than/hardly.when(一就)等连词引导。(1)When feeling depressed，I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories.(2021新
103、高考卷应用文写作)当我感到沮丧的时候，我通常会选择欣赏小说的部分，其中包含了很多富有想象力的故事。(2)The moment our teacher told us about the programme with the theme“Working is most beautiful”we all cheered up.(2019北京高考书面表达)当老师告诉我们这个以“工作最美”为主题的活动时，我们都欢呼起来。2地点状语从句常用where(在地方)，wherever(无论何地)，anywhere (在任何地方)，everywhere(到处)等连词引导。Wherever our team ar
104、e training，we will try our best and we all want to be the winner.(2019全国卷书面表达)无论我们的团队在哪里训练，我们都会尽力而为，我们都希望能赢。3原因状语从句常用because(因为)，as(因为)，since(既然)，now that (既然)，seeing (that) (由于)，considering (that)(考虑到)等连词引导。Furthermore，our classes are worthy of being attended，because you can appreciate the differen
105、ces between Chinese and western teaching methods.(2021浙江1月高考书面表达)此外，我们的课程是值得参加的，因为你可以欣赏中国和西方教学方法的差异。4条件状语从句常由if(假如)，unless(除非)，as/so long as(只要)，on condition that(在条件下)，suppose/supposing(假如)等连词引导。Whats more，if I want to decorate my website with some Chinese elements，what should I do？(2021全国高考甲卷书面表达)
106、更重要的是，如果我想用中国元素装饰我的网站，我该怎么做？5目的状语从句常用so that/in order that(以便)，in case(以免)等连词引导。Here Id like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.(2019全国卷书面表达)这里我想告诉你一些详细的信息，以便你能做好充分的准备。6结果状语从句用so that(结果)，so.that/such.that(如此以至于)等连词引导。So significant is the game t
107、hat it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually.(2019全国卷书面表达)这场比赛意义如此重大，以至于要求每个人都要准时到场。7让步状语从句常用though/although(虽然)，even if/though(即使)，no matter (what/who/how.)(无论什么/无论谁/无论如何)等连词引导。Although the job was very tiring，I was very happy in my heart for I got something from my work.(2
108、021浙江高考读后续写)虽然这份工作很累人，但我心里很高兴，因为我从工作中得到了一些东西。8比较状语从句常用as.as.(和一样)，not so/as.as.(不比)，more.than.(比更)等连词引导。I really hope you can overcome these difficulties as quickly as you can.我的确希望你能尽快地克服这些困难。9方式状语从句常用as(如，像)，as if/though(似乎，好像)等连词引导。(1)The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.这位老人跑得很快，
109、就好像他是一个年轻人。(2)In the following exams，we did as we had promised.在接下来的考试中，我们按照我们承诺的去做了。 即时训练根据提示用状语从句补全句子1(2021全国高考甲卷书面表达)因为这次活动将在英文网站上公布，我真诚地希望你能给我一些建议。(because)_Because this activity will be presented on the English website_，I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.2(2020天津高考书面表达)面对困难和失败，我必须克服它们
110、。(when)_When faced with the difficulties and failures_，I must overcome them.3(2020全国卷书面表达)如果你能提供一些专业的建议，我将不胜感激。(if)Id be very appreciative _if you offer to give some professional advice_.4(2020全国卷书面表达)虽然我很累，但我感到非常高兴和放松。_Although I was tired_，I felt more than delighted and relaxed.5无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。(n
111、o matter what)_No matter what I do_，I will try my best to do it well.6既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(now that)_Now that you have got a job_，you should learn to be independent of your parents.综合演练六用状语从句补全句子1(2021新高考卷读后续写)当他们的妈妈看到面前美味的早餐时，她非常惊讶。_When their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in f
112、ront of her_，she was very surprised.2. (2020浙江高考书面表达)我想邀请你参加这个比赛，因为这是一个很好的机会让你展示你的汉语学得有多好。Id like to invite you to compete in it，_because this is a good chance_ for you to show how well youve learned Chinese.3(2019江苏高考书面表达)其次，如果我们的目的是分享中国文化，那么不便不是问题。Secondly，the inconvenience is not a problem _if ou
113、r purpose is to share Chinese culture_ .4(2019浙江高考书面表达)但不管它是什么，都应该根据具体情况给予表扬。But _whatever/no matter what it is_，praise should be given on a casebycase basis.5(2018天津高考书面表达)我们对比赛如此感兴趣，以至于我们组成了一个小组参加比赛。We were _so interested in the competition that we formed_a group to take part in it.6(2018天津高考书面表达)
114、无论谁获得机器人技能竞赛的第一名都会被授予金牌。The gold medal will be awarded to _whoever wins the first place in the Robotics Competition_.7(2017全国卷书面表达)由于天气越来越热，在室内学习是个好主意。_As the weather is getting hotter and hotter_，it is a good idea to study indoors.8(2017天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。_Though/Although(I
115、am)buried in books these days_，I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.增分句式(四)灵活好用的名词性从句名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达方式。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(一)名词性从句的连接词1从属连词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，主要包括that，whether/if。(1)I realized that my labor was very hard，but my grow
116、th and our whole family had been depending on the hard work of my parents！(2021浙江高考卷读后续写)我意识到我的工作很辛苦，但是我的成长和我们全家都依赖于我父母的辛勤工作！(2)Would you tell me if/whether its convenient for you?你能告诉我你是否方便吗？(2017全国卷书面表达)2连接代词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语，主要包括what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoe
117、ver，whomever，whichever等。Through the activity，what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined. (2020天津高考书面表达)通过这次活动，我感觉到我能够承担起责任，使我们更加坚强和坚定。3连接副词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语，主要包括how，when，why，where等。(1)I also realized how hard it was to wo
118、rk on the farm in the hot sun. (2020全国卷书面表达)我也意识到在烈日下在农场工作是多么艰难。(2)When you are enjoying the meal，you need to avoid making noises while chewing food，which is where you should pay attention.(2018全国卷书面表达)当你享受这顿饭的时候，你需要避免咀嚼食物时发出声音，这是你应该注意的地方。(二)名词性从句的写作在写作中，如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从
119、句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”： 示例第一步：写出两个简单句。He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive.第二步：用句作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即What he said at the meeting。第三步：把句转换的主语从句和句连在一起。What he said at the meeting was very attractive. 即时训练用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句1Shall we go on a picnic tomorrow? It
120、depends on the weather._Whether we shall go on a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather._2This is my decision.All of us are to start at 700 oclock tomorrow morning._My decision is that all of us are to start at_700 oclock tomorrow morning._3When did you enter the room？The police wants to know it._Th
121、e police wants to know when you entered the room._4Our school volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly._The news that our school volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly._5Finally I want to express my hope.All the younger fellows can make
122、full use of time._Finally I want to express my hope that all the younger fellows can make full use of time._综合演练七用名词性从句补全句子1(2021全国高考甲卷书面表达)为了得到更多的点击，你最好告诉我你们西方人喜欢哪种中国文化。In order to get more clicks，youd better tell me _which Chinese culture you westerners prefer_.2(2019全国卷书面表达)可以预测，这是一场势均力敌的比赛。_It c
123、an be predicted that_ this is a close match.3(2019天津高考书面表达)我坚信这也给了我一些生活和学习的动力。_I hold the firm belief that_ it also has given me some motivation of life and study.4(2018全国卷书面表达)我想强调的是你最好带一些礼物。_What I want to stress is that_ youd better bring some gifts.5(2018全国卷书面表达)然后消息传来我们学校将放映一部英文短片，它是一部关于我们学校历史的
124、纪录片。Then came _the news that an English short film will be_ shown in our school_，which is a documentary on the history of our school.6(2018北京高考书面表达)这就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。_ That is why I suggest you apply for_ Peking University，one of the best universities in China.7(2017北京高考书面表达)我确实希望我的建议能对你有些帮
125、助，也希望你在中国玩得开心。_I do hope that my advice will be of some_ help to you_ and that youll have a good time in China.8(全国卷书面表达)然而，我不确定措辞和格式是否正确。However，I am not sure about _whether the words and format are correct_.增分句式(五)言简意赅的非谓语动词在写作中，如果出现太多的简单句，会让人觉得单调乏味，水平不高；而如果出现太多的复合句会让人觉得读起来费劲。所以适当地使用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进
126、行转换，不但显得句式丰富，而且提升了文章的档次。1运用非谓语动词转换简单句运用非谓语动词转换简单句可采用“三步法”。第一步：写出两个简单句。(1)I felt quite sorry for that.(2)I began to think about what to do to help.第二步：根据两个简单句的意思找出两个句子的对接点，让一个简单句作为主句，另一个简单句用非谓语动词进行改写。让句(2)作为主句，用非谓语动词改写句(1)。第三步：根据主句主语和动词之间的关系来确定用何种非谓语动词。主句的主语是I，与动词felt之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。Feeling qui
127、te sorry for that，I began to think about what to do to help.常用转换的其他例子：(1)农场位于我们学校附近的山脚下，被绿树环绕。 (2020全国卷书面表达)The farm is surrounded by green trees. The farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. (过去分词
128、作状语)(2)首先，我从小就接触过外教，可以用英语自由地与他人交流。(2019全国卷书面表达)First of all，I have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age.I can communicate freely with others in English.First of all，having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age，I can communicate freely with others in English.(现在分词作原因状语)(3)它
129、是一个让你了解我们学校历史的更好的机会。It is a better chance for you.You should learn about the history of our school.It is a better chance for you to learn about the history of our school.(动词不定式作主语)2用非谓语动词转换复合句，使语言简练相对于用非谓语动词转化简单句，转化复合句相对要简单一些，只需要两步。因为需要转化的一般是从句部分，只要根据主句的主语和从句谓语动词的逻辑关系判断用哪种非谓语动词，再确定好时态语态即可。第一步：写出复合句。
130、After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months，we strongly desired to be the winner.第二步：把after引导的时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词，practice与we之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用动词ing形式的完成式作状语。Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months，we strongly desired to be the winner.转换的几个其他例子：(1)从每个班选出的学生参加了比赛。 (2020
131、新全国卷书面表达)The students who were selected from every class took part in the competition. The students selected from every class took part in the competition. (过去分词作后置定语)(2)因为不知道如何解这个难题，他求助老师。Because he didnt know how to work out the difficult problem，he asked the teacher for help.Not knowing how to wo
132、rk out the difficult problem，he asked the teacher for help.(现在分词作原因状语)(3)由于老师的帮助，我的英语进步很大。因为我的英语进步很大，我确信我能考上更好的大学。Because my teacher helps me，my English has greatly improved.Because my English has greatly improved，Im sure I will go to a better university.With my teacher helping me，my English has gre
133、atly improved.Because of this，Im sure I will go to a better university.简析：“原句”两处重复出现由because引导的从句，读起来很别扭。换用“with现在分词的复合结构”及“because of.”后，读起来给人的感觉大不一样。(4)因为天热，我们去游泳了。As it was hot，we went swimming.It being hot，we went swimming.(5)如果天气允许的话，我会去那儿。If weather permits，I will go there.Weather permitting，I
134、 will go there.3注意在写作中非谓语动词的常用句型(1)remain to be done有待于被Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。(2)连词when/while/unless/although.doing/doneWhen searching for some information，we can operate by touching the screen.当查找一些信息时，我们可以通
135、过触摸屏来操作。(3)compared with/to.与比较Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.与逃逸的司机相比，我为自己所做的事感到非常自豪。(4)be said/reported/considered.to do.据说/报道/认为A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city.据报道一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在城南的一条公路上失去了控制。 即时训练句型转换1The le
136、tter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.The letter _posted yesterday_ will reach her next week.2(2019全国卷，书面表达)Im writing to invite you to take part in the music festival which is arranged at 700 pm. next Sunday.Im writing to invite you to take part in the music festival_arranged at 7
137、00 pm. next Sunday_.3The building that is being built now will be our library.The building _being built now_ will be our library.4Though they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged and practised even harder._Beaten by the opposite team_，the players were not discouraged and
138、 practised even harder.5(2019全国卷书面表达)When I know a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing to apply to become a volunteer._Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month_，I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.综合演练八补全句子1(2021
139、全国高考乙卷书面表达)面对互联网上的各种信息，我们分不清真假，这可能对我们的学习和生活有害。_Faced with all kinds of information on the internet_，We cant tell the difference between the true and the false，which may be harmful to our study and life.2(2019全国卷书面表达)希望你能代表我们队参加比赛。You are sincerely expected to take part in the game _ representing our
140、 team_.3此外，我曾在我们学校70周年庆典上作接待员，使我更加自信。Whats more，I have ever served as a receptionist in our schools 70th anniversary celebration，_making myself more confident_.4他让我等了很长时间，这让我很不高兴。He kept me _waiting for a long time_，which made me upset.5在我校英文报中有一个“外国文化”栏目，旨在介绍美国习俗。In the English newspaper of our sch
141、ool，there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”，_aiming to introduce American customs_.6如果你对这件事感兴趣，让我知道，我会发送给你更多的信息。_If you are interested in it_，let me know and Ill send you more information.7它包含由外国朋友所写的关于他们国家文化的文章。It contains articles _written by foreign friends_ about the cultures of their home c
142、ountries.8为了解决这个问题，我想制定一项规则，整个班级时不时地集体讲课。_To get this problem solved_，Id like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while.增分句式(六)避免头重脚轻的it句型it除了用作人称代词外，还常用作形式主语或形式宾语，有时也可以用在一些固定句型中。灵活地运用it句型可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。(一)it作形式主语的常用句型在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主
143、语的常为动词不定式(短语)或从句，有时也可用动名词(短语)。1It takes/took (sb.) some time/energy/effort.to do sth.做某事花费(某人的)时间/精力It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。2It is(was)形容词(of/for sb.)to do sth./It is(was)形容词that.(1)In that case，it is both convenient and economic
144、al to buy books according to the ratings.(2018江苏高考书面表达)在那种情况下，按消费排名购买图书既方便又经济。(2)Further，it is necessary that you take a good rest，which will provide enough energy for you.(2019全国卷书面表达)此外，你必须好好休息，这将为你提供足够的能量。3It is(was)名词(for sb.)to do sth./It is(was)十名词that.(1)It is a really good opportunity for fo
145、reigners to experience Chinese culture.Now Id like to give you some advice.(2019全国卷书面表达)这对外国人来说是一个体验中国文化的好机会。现在我想给你一些建议。(2)Its really a good idea that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.我们应该花点时间简要了解唐朝的历史，这的确是个好主意。4It is/was过去分词that.It is said that our op
146、ponent is great，so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.(2019全国卷书面表达)据说我们的对手很棒，所以我们队从明天开始每天放学后都要训练，以赢得比赛。5It seems/appears/happensthat.似乎，碰巧It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。6It is the first/second.time that.这是第一/二次It i
147、s the first time that I have been a volunteer，so I am now receiving all the training involved.这是我第一次做志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。7It is/has been一段时间since.自从以来已经有多长时间了。It has been 10 years since Youth was founded.Youth成立已经10年了。(2021新高考卷应用文写作)8It is/was (about/high) time that.是的时候了It is high time that you sho
148、uld make/made a decision.该是你做出决定的时候了。9It goes without saying that.不用说Therefore，it goes without saying that it is this proverb that brings me motivation and encouragement.因此，不用说是这句谚语给我带来了动力和鼓励。 即时训练1用it作形式主语补全句子(2019江苏高考书面表达)在我看来，中国传统服装会使这个场合非常中国化，并吸引英国客人。_It seems to me that_ the traditional Chinese
149、 clothes will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.(2018全国卷书面表达)相信这是一个你不容错过的好机会。_It is believed that it is an excellent opportunity_ that you cant miss.(全国卷书面表达)非常遗憾星期天下午我不能和你一起去书店了。_Its a great pity that_ I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Sunday afternoon.我有可能会在这
150、所学校里以一名志愿者的身份当助教。_It is likely that I will work as a volunteer_ for the school as a teaching assistant.(二)it作形式宾语及其他的常用句型it除了可以作形式主语外，还可作形式宾语。it作形式宾语和在一些常用句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。1动词it形容词/名词to do/doing/that从句(常见的动词有：find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume)I think it great fun to l
151、earn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.我觉得和你一起学习唐诗是很有趣的。2I would appreciate it if.如果我将感激不尽。I would appreciate it if you offer to give some professional advice.(2020全国卷书面表达)如果你能提供一些专业的建议，我将不胜感激。3Sb. likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when/if.某人喜欢/不喜欢Id love it if you could attend the upcoming
152、 celebration.(2019全国卷书面表达)如果你能参加即将到来的庆祝活动，我会很高兴的。 即时训练2用it作形式宾语补全句子(2019江苏高考书面表达)我们规定在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。We _make it a rule_ to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.(2018全国卷书面表达)我认为采纳我的建议对你有很大帮助。I consider _it of great help to you to take my suggestions_.父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难达到父母的期望。P
153、arents usually have such high expectations that their children _find it hard to live up to them_.综合演练九用it句式补全句子1(2021全国高考乙卷书面表达)另一方面，在线学习本身也有一些不完善之处，使我们很难不受到影响。On the other hand，online learning itself has some imperfections，_making it difficult for us not to be affected_.2(2019全国卷书面表达)更重要的是，我认为这是一个促
154、进中国文化和发展我的能力的好机会。More importantly，_I consider it a good chance to promote Chinese culture_ and develop my ability.3(2018北京高考书面表达)我突然想到，像茶文化这样的传统文化具有极大的魅力和巨大的价值。_It suddenly hit me that_ traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value.4(北京高考书面表达)在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。As far as Im co
155、ncerned，_it is everyones duty to protect the earth_.5(北京高考书面表达)更好地利用用过的材料是个好主意。_It is a good idea that_ we make better use of used materials.6这是我第一次跨出国门，踏上异国土地。_It is the first time I have left_ my country and set foot on foreign soil.7我们从第一中学毕业已经十年了。_It is/has been ten years since_ we graduated fro
156、m the No.1 High School.8据说教授已经成功完成了这个实验。_Its said that_ the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.增分句式(七)存在于四海八荒的“There be”句型There be句型表示“存在；有”，应用十分广泛和频繁，同时也是考生在写作中易犯错误的一个句型，考生经常会按照汉语的思维习惯写英语句子，导致语法错误。它的基本结构是：There be (be可用各种时态)名词地点状语。There are also many species of rare plan
157、ts protected here.(2021天津3月高考书面表达)这里还有许多珍稀植物受到保护。There will be a wide variety of acivities to mark this unforgettable occasion.(2019全国卷书面表达)为纪念这一难忘的时刻，将举行各种各样的活动。(一)There be句型的常见变式1There情态动词be.Today is National Day.I think there should be many cars on freeway.今天是国庆节。我认为高速路上车辆应该很多。2There be sb./sth.d
158、oing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语)There is a small river flowing through the farm.有一条小河流过农场。(2020全国卷书面表达)3There be sth.to do/to be doneThere is still much to discuss/to be discussed.We shall，therefore，return to this item at our next meeting.还有许多事情要讨论。因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。4There stands/lies/exists/remai
159、ns/lives/comes/goes.Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前，这座庙里住着一个老和尚。5There seems/appears/happens/used to be.There happened to be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。注意：(1)作“有”讲时，there be与have的区别：have/has表示所属关系，
160、即“所有，占有”；而there be结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所属关系。There is a new computer on his desk.在他的桌子上有一台新电脑。(电脑在桌子上)He has a new computer.他有一台新电脑。(电脑为他所有)(2)There be句型中谓语动词的人称和数应与后面主语保持一致。若后面有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，则应采取“就近原则”，即谓语应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。There are going to be two basketball matches this afternoon.今天下午将有两场篮球比赛。There is a pe
161、ncil and some notebooks on the desk.在书桌上有一支铅笔和一些笔记本。 即时训练1用There be结构补全句子(2021全国高考甲卷书面表达)据我们所知，中国和西方国家之间存在着巨大的文化差异。As far as we know，_there is a huge cultural difference between China and the western countries_.(2019全国卷书面表达)7月4日下午我们学校体育馆将举行排球比赛。_There will be a volleyball match_ in our school gym on
162、 the afternoon of July 4th.在那座山的山顶上矗立着一座高塔。_There stands a tall tower_ on the top of the hill.机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的歌手。_There are many fans waiting_ to see the famous singer outside the airport.(二)含有There be的重要的特殊表达方式1There is no denying that.不可否认There is no denying that it was my teachers encouragement
163、and help that resulted in my steady progress.不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。2There is no doubt that.毫无疑问(20186月浙江高考写作)There is no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难。3There is no need to do.没有必要做There is no need to worry about it as the government is now maki
164、ng every effort to provide more jobs.没必要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。4There is no sense/point in doing.做是没有意义的/道理的。There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。5There is no use doing.做是没用的。There is no use regretting when time passed by.时间流逝，后悔是没有用的。 即时训
165、练2用There be特殊表达方式补全句子争吵是没有用的。你要学会让对方理解你所说的。_There is no use quarrelling_. You need to learn to make people understand what youre saying.给孩子们购买昂贵的衣服没有意义，因为他们很快就长大而没法穿了。_There is no sense in buying expensive clothes for children_as they soon grow out of them.许多学生可能认为他们只使用电脑，因此没有必要浪费时间提高书法。Many student
166、s may think that they can just use a computer，so _there is no need to waste time_improving handwriting.综合演练十用There be结构补全句子1(2018江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依赖消费排名是不明智的。_There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on_ the ratings in consumption.2(全国卷书面表达)此外，还有一些著名的艺术家将在现场表演如何剪纸。In addition，_there a
167、re famous artists performing_how to cut paper on the spot.3(天津高考书面表达)如果还有什么其他我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。_If there is anything else I can do for you_ ，please contact me as soon as possible.4(广东高考写作)不可否认，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。_There is no denying that it can enhance peoples consciousness of health_，but it is
168、 more likely to result in overanxiety.增分句式(八)彰显水平的强调句、倒装句特殊句式是英语中的高级表达，其中，强调和倒装句型是最为常见的特殊句式，它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。一、重点突出的强调句型在信息传递中，有一些信息是与众不同的，不要“重要的话说三遍”，那太“LOW”了。在写作中，我们可以通过使用强调句型将句子提高到一个新的档次。强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was被强调
169、部分that/who句子其他部分。(2021新高考卷读后续写) It was not only the gift，but the love of the children for her that moved her very much.不仅是礼物，还有孩子们对她的爱，让她非常感动。1It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他部分。It is because its a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can
170、 join us.(浙江高考写作)正是因为它是你学习中国的自然知识和结交新朋友的好机会，所以我们真的希望你能加入我们。2Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects?孩子们是在那个公园里看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？3特殊疑问词is/was itthat/who句子其他部分？When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?你是什么时候下定决心要当一名志愿者老师
171、的？4It is/was not until.that.直到才It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到三十分钟后到家时他才发现他的包落在出租车里了。5强调谓语动词时，用助动词do/does/did，且只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。I do expect Youth can publish more classic works and have a promising future.(2021新高考卷应用文写作)我确实希望年轻人能够出
172、版更多的经典作品，并拥有美好的未来。If you have any other questions，do let me know.(2019全国卷书面表达)如果你还有其他问题，一定要告诉我。 即时训练1用强调句型补全句子1(2021新高考卷应用文写作)在我的记忆中，伴随我整个高中生活的是Youth。In my memory，_it is Youth that accompanies me through my whole high school_.2(2019全国卷书面表达)我们的排球队确实日程紧。Our volleyball team _does have a tight schedule_
173、.3(2018北京高考书面表达)虽然在中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年，但是在17世纪中期英国才出现下午茶的概念。Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3，000 BC in China，_it was not until the mid17th century in the UK that_ appeared the concept of“afternoon tea”4(浙江高考写作)正是由于他们的帮助，才避免了一场灾难。_It was because of their help that_ a disaster wa
174、s avoided.5(2018北京高考书面表达)We _did hope_ there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。6(北京高考书面表达)正是他的不懈努力使得中国逐渐发生变化。_It was his continuous efforts that_ caused China to change gradually.7你是在哪儿捡到这个钱包的？_Where was it that_ you picked up the wallet?8是因为被困在交通堵塞中你才来晚的吗？_W
175、as it because you were stuck in the traffic jam that_ you came late?9据我所知，可能赢这次竞赛的人是你。As far as I am concerned，_it is you who/that are likely to win the contest_.10直到进入高中我才意识到英语的重要性。_It was not until I entered senior high school that_I realized the importance of English.二、平衡句子的倒装结构在英语写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，
176、我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级，强调我们要传达的信息，给文章增色。涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。1“only状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cultures.(2018全国卷书面表达)只有来到中国，你才能体验中国的饮食文化。2none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom等否定词，以及表示否定意义的介词短语如at no time，by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Hardly/No soone
177、r had we arrived at the activity center when/than we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.我们一到达活动中心就报名参加了健步走比赛。3在so/such.that.结构中，当so/such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。So interested in the competition are some of my classmates and I that we have formed a group to take part in it. (2018天津高考书面表
178、达)我和我的一些同学对比赛非常感兴趣，以至于我们组织了一个小组来参加比赛。4as/though引导的让步状语从句中通常使用倒装语序。(though引导的也可以不倒装)Tired as/though I was，I felt more than delighted and relaxed. (2020全国卷书面表达)虽然我很累，但我感到非常高兴和放松。5在含有had，should，were等的虚拟条件状语从句中，若省略连词if，则可将它们移到主语前构成部分倒装。(1)Should you consider my application，I would be more than grateful.
179、(2019全国卷书面表达)如果你考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(2)Looking back，I feel I wouldnt be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车了。6here，there，now，then，out，in，around，up，down，on the wall，in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。(1)Here comes some good news. (2020浙江高考书面表达)好消息来了。(2)In that
180、 picture，around the table with three books on it sit three students.在那幅画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。(3)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。 即时训练2用倒装句型补全句子1(2019全国卷书面表达)如果我被选中，我会致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。_Were I chosen，I would devote myself to being a qualifi
181、ed volunteer._2(2021新高考书面表达)Youth这本杂志是如此引人入胜以致于一拿到手，我就情不自禁地读起来。_So interesting is Youth that_ I cant help reading it when I get it.3(浙江高考书面表达)事实上，只有通过不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标。Actually，only by getting moving and constantly adjusting the plan _can we achieve our final goal_.4面对这样的困难你绝不能失去信心。_By no
182、means should you lose heart_ in the face of such difficulty.5虽然有些问题我似乎不熟悉，但很容易回答。_Unfamiliar though/as some of the questions seem to me_，they are easy to answer.6我们学校前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树。_In front of our school stands a tall tree_ with a history of 1，000 years.7如果你早到五分钟，你就能为他们送行了。_Had you arrived five m
183、inutes earlier_，you could have seen them off.8虽然是个孩子，戴安娜能做到很多成年人做不到的事。_ Child as/though she is_，Diana can do many things most adults cant.9山脚下流淌着一条美丽而清澈的河流。_At the foot of the mountain flows_ a beautiful and clean river.10直到那时，我才意识到语言的影响力可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。_Not until then did I realize_words could be po
184、werful in both positive and negative ways.综合演练十一.利用所学的强调句型，结合中文提示补全短文Dear Mr and Mrs Johnson，1._It is from my home in China that Im writing to you_(我是从中国的家里在给你写信). I returned home safe and sound. When I think of the wonderful two weeks I spent in Birmingham，England，2._it is both of you that/who_ (正是
185、你们两人) I just cant help thinking of. It was so kind of you to have provided everything to make my staying there such a happy and lucky experience. Ive learned so much，not only English but also culture. And 3._I did enjoy_ (我的确很享受) the fun and laughter we shared with each other. Thank you very much. I
186、ll always remember this trip as well as your kindness.Ill keep in touch and write to you later. 4._Do take care_ (一定要保重)!Yours，Li Hua.利用倒装句型，结合提示补全短文In front of my home 1._lies a mountain_ (有座山)，which is very high.2._Never will I forget_ (我永远不会忘记) the first time I climbed the mountain with my father
187、. The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly. 3._So fast did my father walk_(我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me. Not until he stopped to wait for me 4._did I catch up with him_(我才赶上他). 5._Tired as/though I was_ (尽管我很累)，I didnt give up. When reaching the top，we felt a sense of achievement.
188、6._So is the life_ (生活也是这样). We shouldnt give up halfway，however great the difficulty is. Only in this way 7._can we succeed_(我们才能成功)层级五连贯语篇学会运用衔接过渡衔接与过渡性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。高中阶段应该掌握的连接(过渡)性词语归纳如下：一、表示时间顺序的过渡性词语(1) At last，all the runners managed to reach the
189、finish line，receiving cheers from all the directions. (2020新全国卷书面表达)最后，所有的赛跑者都设法到达终点线，受到来自四面八方的欢呼声。(2)After that，it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.(2021浙江1月高考书面表达)在那之后，你可以在餐厅和我们的学生吃一顿特别的午餐。(3)And then we ran all the way to the foot of South Hill. (2020新全国卷书面表达)然后我们
190、一路跑到南山脚下。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子_Firstly_，I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. _Then_ I wiped the dust off all the furniture. _After that_，I swept and mopped the floors.首先，我把所有的书籍、报纸和其他的散落在屋子里的东西收集起来放好，然后我扫去所有家具上的灰尘，之后我扫地、拖地。二、表示并列关系的过渡性词语(1)I c
191、ouldnt wait to take a bite，and the sweet juice went down my throat. (2020全国卷书面表达)我迫不及待地咬了一口，甜汁顺着喉咙流了下去。(2)Documentaries about China produced either in China or in other countries，are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. (2020江苏高考书面表达)无论是在中国还是在其他国家制作的有关中国的纪录片，都在外国人中越来越受欢迎。(3)It is believed
192、 that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting. (2018全国卷书面表达)相信这部电影不仅有意义，而且很有趣。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子1Im sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiuzhaigou _as well as_ the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.我相信游客一定会对九寨沟的美景和都江堰的水利工程感到惊奇。(2021天津3月高考书面表达)2By doi
193、ng so，I can _not only_ share good ideas with others_but also_ learn to express myself clearly.通过这样做，我不仅能与其他人分享好的观点，而且学会清晰地表达自己。 (浙江高考书面表达)三、表示转折关系的过渡性词语(1)He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me. (2020全国卷书面表达)他每天工作很努力，但也会抽出一些时间陪我。(2)On the way，although some stud
194、ents fell behind，they kept running until the finishing line.(2020新全国卷书面表达)在路上，虽然有些学生落后了，但他们一直跑到终点线。(3)However，the adaption is quite a challenge. (2020全国卷书面表达)然而，改编是一个相当大的挑战。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子1Her voice was shaking _despite_ all her efforts to control it.尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，声音仍然在颤抖。2_On the contrary_，smartphone
195、s not only take up our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health.相反，智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康造成极大的危害。四、表示因果关系的过渡性词语(1)Because of these films，some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. (2020江苏高考书面表达)因为这些纪录片，一些外国人开始考虑来中国。(2)So，in my mind my father is the person I respect most and
196、I love him deeply. (2020全国卷书面表达)所以，在我心目中父亲是我最尊敬的人，我深深地爱着他。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子1_As a result/consequence_，there is no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs.因此，我们没有理由轻视普通的工作。2_Thanks to_ the assistance of the local media，he has found 32 time twins across 13 countries.多亏当地媒体的协助，他在13个国家找到了32对同年同月同日出生
197、的人。五、表示递进关系的过渡性词语(1)Besides，with the approach of the college entrance exam，we are busy making final preparations. (2020浙江高考书面表达)另外，随着高考的临近，我们正忙着做最后的准备。(2)Whats more，walking in the nature reserve，you have a chance to see rare animals like giant pandas，golden monkeys.(2021天津3月高考书面表达)更重要的是，在自然保护区散步，你有机
198、会看到稀有动物，比如大熊猫，金丝猴。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子1_In addition_，I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.(四川高考书面表达)另外，我可以看到不同种类的美丽的鸟。2_To make matters worse/Worse still/Whats worse_，if we spend too much time on phones，we will lose the communication skills we need in the future.更糟的是，如果我们在电话上花费过多的时间，我们会在将来失去我们所需要
199、的交际技能。六、表示列举事实的过渡性词语(1)For example，there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from. (2018江苏高考书面表达)例如，有大量的参考书，我经常困惑不知道怎么选择。(2)In order to expand my knowledge of Tianjin，such as its history，tradition and food，I spend every spare moment I have in the library.(天津高考书面表达
200、)为了扩大我关于天津的知识面，例如它的历史、传统和美食，我把全部业余时间花在了图书馆里。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子1We have many subjects，_such as_ Chinese，maths，English，music，art and so on.我们有很多学科，例如语文、数学、英语、音乐、艺术等。2The plan for the day is _as follows_：Firstly，its a custom to have dumplings on that day，so well make delicious dumplings with our own hands
201、 rather than buy some for them.那天的计划如下：首先，在那天吃饺子是一项风俗，因此我们会亲手为他们做美味的饺子而不是去买。七、表示观点的过渡性词语(1)As for me，my father is the person I respect most. (2020全国卷书面表达)对我来说，我父亲是我最尊敬的人。(2)Personally，Id want to learn about western painting. (2019天津高考书面表达)就我个人而言，我想学习西方绘画。(3)As far as Im concerned，I think the outstan
202、ding movie Growing Together is interesting to watch. (2018全国卷书面表达)就我个人而言，我认为一起成长这部优秀电影看起来很有趣。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子1_In my opinion/view/From my point of view/Personally_，everyone here is a member of our big family and we learn a lot from each other.(天津高考书面表达)在我看来，这里的每个人都是我们大家庭的一员，我们从对方身上学到很多东西。2_As for_ ch
203、eating in the exams，I will tell them the importance of honesty. (广东高考书面表达)至于考试作弊，我会告诉他们诚实的重要性。八、表示总结的过渡性词语(1)All in all，words fail to express my thankfulness to you. (2019浙江高考书面表达)总之，言语无法表达我对你的感激之情。(2)To sum up，I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school. (2019全国卷书面表达)总而言之，我希望你不辜负我们学校
204、的期望。(3)In conclusion，we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.(2021全国高考乙卷书面表达)总之，我们应该充分了解它的优点和缺点，并找到适当的方法使我们的学习更有效率。 即时训练用过渡性词语补全句子1_In a word/In short/In brief_，if we had such a magic watch，our life would become m
205、ore convenient.总之，如果我们能有这么一块有魔力的手表，我们的生活将会变得更加方便。2_On the whole/In general/All in all_，I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle.总的来说，我发现自行车比摩托车更令人喜欢。综合演练十二.用过渡性词语补全句子1_First of all_，as smart online learners，we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon
206、.(2021全国高考乙卷书面表达)首先，作为聪明的网络学习者，我们可以充分利用最广泛的教育资源来开阔视野。2_After that_，we all watched the video of alumnus fighting against the epidemic. (2020天津高考书面表达)在那之后，我们都看了校友们抗击流行病的视频。3_To conclude_，the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion. (2019江苏高考书面表达)综上所述
207、，在这种场合穿校服比穿中国传统服装更好。4They _not only_ offer you joy and excitement，_but also_ encourage you to think critically.它们不仅提供给你快乐和兴奋，而且鼓励你批判性地思考。5_Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Additionally_，other persons can get the books they want and they have more free time to get them.而且，其他人可能得到他们想要的书，他们有更多自由的时间拥有书籍。6Th
208、e bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control. _Worse still/To make matters worse/Whats worse_，I took many falls off the bike.这辆自行车好像很笨重，很难控制。更糟的是，我从车子上掉下来很多次。7_In my opinion/view/From my point of view/Personally/As far as I am concerned_，those who have received her donations will be encouraged t
209、o study even harder.在我看来，那些得到她的捐赠的人会被鼓励着更努力地学习。8_In short/In brief/In a word_，he must give an explanation for his absence from the conference.总之，他必须为他的缺席会议做出解释。9In my free time，Ill continue to take regular exercise，_such as_swimming，running and various ball games.在我的业余时间，我将继续做常规训练，诸如游泳、跑步和各种各样的球类活动。
210、10_Generally speaking/In general_，the number of people visiting Mount Tai in this season is the largest.一般来说，这个季节去泰山旅游的人是最多的。.将下面的句子用适当的衔接词合并为一句话1In addition，your teaching is beneficial for me to broaden my horizons.The teaching about the cultural differences between China and foreign countries can
211、broaden my horizons.In addition，your teaching is beneficial for me to broaden my horizons，_such as the cultural differences between China and foreign_countries_ .2In this activity，the students have improved their ability of creativity.In this activity，the students have raised their awareness of envi
212、ronmental protection.In this activity，the students _not only_have improved their ability of creativity，_but also_ have raised their awareness of environmental protection.3We should avoid using phones while walking.We should avoid talking while driving.We should avoid using phones while walking _or t
213、alking while driving_.4The continuous increase in private cars has given rise to the traffic jam and caused serious environmental problems.I propose an environmentallyfriendly commute.The continuous increase in private cars has given rise to the traffic jam and caused serious environmental problems，
214、_so I propose an environmentallyfriendly commute_ .5I am sorry that I cannot attend school.I beg to ask for three days leave.I am sorry that I cannot attend school，_for I beg to ask for three days_leave_.6The doctor said my injury was a little serious according to CT scanning.The doctor advised me n
215、ot to move for at least three days.The doctor said my injury was a little serious according to CT scanning，_so he advised me not to move for at least three days_.选用适当的过渡性词语补全短文Dear editor，Im writing to tell you something about the discussion on whether it is necessary for Senior One students to take
216、 the oneweek military training. Views vary from person to person.Some hold that it is necessary. 1_On one hand_，it can improve students teamwork spirit，which will play an important part in their life and study. 2_On the other hand_，there is no doubt that they become stronger physically and mentally
217、through the training.3_However_，others have opposite views. They think it is a waste of time. 4_Besides/Additionally_，students get burnt easily without any protection in the sun.5_Personally/As far as Im concerned_，though we may feel tired during the training，it goes without saying that the oneweek
218、military training is meaningful.层级六审题谋篇学会运用各种文体审题谋篇是写好文章的关键。审题要做到“三定一列”，即：定体裁、定时态、定人称和列要点。谋篇布局的好坏一般有三个标准，即思想内容、层次安排和文字运用。一般认为：好的思想内容是指令人感到真实可信、生动有趣、有深度的内容；好的层次安排指的是写作内容统一，组织合乎逻辑，语意前后连贯，句与句相互衔接；好的文字运用则指所用语言正确、文字优美。谋篇布局一般有以下几个步骤：1动笔之前，用较短的时间确定主题，理清思路，梳理要点。2筛选段落可能用到的重要素材，区分主次，详略得当。3.合理安排文章的结构。一篇文章通常可分为
219、三部分，即开头、正文和结尾。文章的开头和结尾都可以不同程度地表述主题，即称之为主题的文体表达，也是获得高分的重要保障。因此，写好文章的开头和结尾非常重要，也是谋篇布局应重点关注的。4.正文是文章的核心段落，在写作时应遵循一定的顺序进行表达，才能让读者快速领会文章的表达内容，而不应是几个要点的简单堆砌。合理地组织段落会使文章大放异彩。第一讲书信写作1普通书信/电子邮件 题型特点英文email和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同，其开头和结尾常常都会给出，正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。 篇章结构 经典考题(2020天津高考书面表达)假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动
220、，你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况，内容包括：(1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾、观看校友抗疫事迹录像)；(2)对活动的感受；(3)对自己未来的展望。注意：(1)词数80左右；(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；(3)开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：成人礼 the comingofage ceremonyDear Chris，Im so glad to hear from you._ _Yours，Li Jin【审题谋篇】(1)体裁：书信体邮件；(2)时态：一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时；(3)人称：第一人称为主；(4
221、)要点：成人礼活动内容； 对活动的感受； 对自己未来的展望。参考范文Dear Chris，I am so glad to hear from you. The comingofage ceremony was held in our school on June 8th this month. During the comingofage ceremony，the headmaster congratulated us on stepping into the adult，reviewing the growth period that we had experienced. After th
222、at，we all watched the video of alumnus fighting against the epidemic.Through the activity，what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined. When faced with the difficulties and failures，I must overcome them. In the future，I will be a good doctor t
223、o heal the wounded and rescue the dying，devoting myself to my work.Best wishes!Yours，Li Jin 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1) I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.我非常高兴收到你两周前寄给我的信。(2)Im very glad/pleased to tell you that.我很高兴告诉你(3) How are you getting along with.?你近来进展怎样？2话题引入常用语(1)Im
224、very glad to tell you something about.我很高兴告诉你一些关于的事情。(2)As far as I know/am concerned/can see.据我所知3结尾部分常用语(1)Please write to me soon and tell me about your.请尽快写信给我，告诉我关于你的(2)Im looking forward to your reply.我盼望着你的回复。(3)If so，please email me in response.如果这样，请给我回复邮件 即时训练(2019全国卷)假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你
225、的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括：1比赛信息；2赛前准备；3表达期待。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文Dear Chris，Im Li Hua，the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the National League.Every participating team is great and ready for the game.It can be predicted that
226、 this is a close match.Our team is now busy preparing for the game，from living to daily training.We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your guidance and encouragement.Im sure that you will certainly wish us to win.Thank you for your expectation and
227、I am looking forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely，Li Hua2邀请信 题型特点邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信。在写作时，要注意邀请信的交际性，语气要真挚，避免带有不礼貌或强人所难的字眼。根据邀请信的性质可将其分为普通邀请信和正式邀请信。普通邀请信对内容和格式的要求都不高，只要说明活动的内容、时间、地点等即可。正式邀请信的措辞要正式，语气要热情有礼，态度要诚恳。邀请信的末尾都要表达希望对方参加或出席的愿望。 篇章结构邀请信 经典考题(2020全国卷书面表达)假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss E
228、vans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括：1剧情简介；2指导内容；3商定时间地点。注意：1词数80左右；2结束语已为你写好。_Yours truly，Li Hua审题谋篇(1)体裁：应用文；(2)时态：一般现在时为主；(3)人称：第一、二人称为主；(4)要点：剧情简介；指导内容；商定时间地点。参考范文Dear Miss Evans，I am writing to ask you a favor regarding a play we adapted from the textbook.Wed like to adapt the classic novel The Steamboat for
229、 a short English play. The play is set on a big storm after midnight. A steamboat is going to sink and a scared boy is saved on the raft. However，the adaption is quite a challenge. Having written the English script，we dont want anything inappropriate to spoil the play. So would you please spare some
230、 time to review the draft script? If it is convenient，may I visit you at your office next Tuesday to give you more details?Look forward to your early reply.Yours truly，Li Hua 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1)I am writing to invite you to./Im writing to tell you that there will be a.我写信邀请你/我写信告诉你有一个(2)I think it would
231、 be a great idea if you could participate in.我想你要是能来参加那就太好了。(3)I wonder if you can come.我想知道你是否能来(4) How would you like to join us in.?你认为加入我们的怎么样？2表达活动内容常用语Here are some details about this activity./The following are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows.
232、本次活动的一些细节内容如下。3结尾部分常用语(1)We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.我们会高兴地盼望着你的到来。(2)If you are interested in it，please let me know and Ill send you more information.如果你感兴趣，请告诉我，我给你发送更多的信息。(3) My phone number is./Looking forward to.我的电话是/盼望(4)I would like to meet you there and pl
233、ease let me know your decision soon.我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。 即时训练(2019全国卷)假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：1时间；2活动安排；3欢迎他表演节目。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文Dear Allen，Im Li Hua，your Chinese friend.Im glad to tell you that a Chinese classical music concert will be held in the music hall of ou
234、r school on November 8th.According to the concert poster，many music masterpieces will be played by a famous band.Knowing that you are fond of classical music，Id like to invite you to join me and welcome you to show your performance.Im sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music.If it is
235、convenient for you，Ill meet you at the entrance of the music hall at 700 that evening.Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua3申请信 题型特点申请信是一种应用文，申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等，其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是申请信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得面谈的机会。 篇章结构申请信 经典考题(2018浙江高考书面表达)假定你是李华，你校
236、英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘。内容包括：1.口语能力；2相关经验；3应聘目的。注意：1词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇(1)体裁：申请信；(2)时态：一般现在时为主；(3)人称：第一人称；(4)要点：我口语能力好；我曾接待过外宾，有相关经验；我想通过为外宾服务，提高自己的口语水平，同时为促进中外文化交流做贡献。参考范文Dear Sir/Madam，I have learnt that our English association needs some volunteers to meet the visiting foreign stude
237、nts and I want to apply for the position. Firstly，I can speak fluent English and I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners. Secondly，I helped receive some visiting foreigners to our school last year. This experience is sure to enable me to do better this year. I also want to improve my
238、spoken English and help them have a better understanding of Chinese culture.I would be grateful if you could give me the chance.Yours，Li Hua 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1)Im writing to apply for the position of.我写信申请的职位。(2)I learned from sb./the newspaper that your company wanted to hire.我从某人/报纸上得知你们公司想雇用(3)I am i
239、nterested in. and wish to enter this significant program.我对感兴趣，希望加入这个重要项目中。2表达个人优点常用语(1) I won the first prize in. competition.我获得了比赛的一等奖。(2) As an outgoing. I get along well with my classmates.作为一名外向的我和同学们相处得很好。(3)For one thing，I can help. For another thing，I can improve my English，make more friend
240、s，and enrich my school life.一方面，我能帮助另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，丰富我的学校生活。3结尾部分常用语(1)If you consider me appropriate for the job，please call me at.如果你们认为我适合这份工作，请致电(2)I will be grateful/Id appreciate it if you could.如果你能我将感激不尽。(3) Thank you for considering my application，and I am looking forward to meetin
241、g you.谢谢你考虑我的申请，期待与你见面。 即时训练(2019全国卷)假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：1写信目的；2个人优势；3能做的事情。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头与结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear sir/madam，_Yours，Li Hua参考范文Dear Sir/Madam，My name is Li Hua.Im a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now.Im glad to learn t
242、hat your gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition.I would like to do some voluntary work for the exhibition.So I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings.I would like to volunteer to help visitors，introduce Chinese paintings，spre
243、ad Chinese culture，and strengthen world cultural exchanges.My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world understand China.I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.Yours，Li Hua4道歉信 题型特点道歉信通常是在因自己的过失或疏忽给别人带来了麻烦或损失并在发觉的情况下，为了向对方表示歉意而写的信件。 篇章结构道歉信 经典考题(全国卷改编)假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起
244、去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1表示歉意：2说明原因；3另约时间。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇(1)体裁：道歉信；(2)时态：一般现在时为主；(3)人称：第一人称为主；(4)要点：对不能去书店表示歉意；有一个重要会议要参加；另约时间：周六上午830学校大门口。参考范文Dear Bob，Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an importa
245、nt meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that well have more time to read and select books. If its convenient for you，lets meet at 830 outside the school gate. If not，let me know what time suits you best
246、. I should be available any time after school next week.Yours，Li Hua 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1) I am writing this letter to apologize to you for.我写这封信是因向你道歉。(2)I would like to express my deepest apology/regret for not being able to/my failing.因为没能我向你表达最真诚的歉意/悔意。(3) I must apologize for any inconvenience it may
247、 have caused you.为此事可能给你带来的任何不便，我深表歉意。(4)I am very sorry for my not being able to. due to the fact that.我非常抱歉不能因为这个事实(5)I regret to inform you that I can not/am unable to.我遗憾地告知你我不能2结尾部分常用语(1)With apologies once again./With many apologies.再次表示抱歉。/十分抱歉。(2) Please accept my sincere apology for.once mo
248、re.请再次为接受我真诚的道歉。(3) I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.我衷心希望你能宽容地接受我的道歉。 即时训练假设你是李华，你从朋友Mike处借的一本书不慎遗失。现在，请用英文给他写封道歉信，请求原谅。注意：1词数80左右；2.开头与结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Mike，_Yours，Li Hua参考范文Dear Mike，Im sorry to tell you that Ive lost your book that I borrowed from you. Now Im express
249、ing my deepest apology for my carelessness.Actually，I put the book in my schoolbag after we met at school yesterday. But to my sorrow，it was stolen on my way home. This morning，I went to buy another book in some bookstores but it was very expensive. However，I promise that Ill tighten my belt these d
250、ays to get you a completely new one by the end of this month.Please forgive me again and accept my sincere apology.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua5建议信 题型特点建议信是作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议，以便让对方接受自己的想法、主张并解决有关问题。建议信可以写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法或观点；也可以写给某个组织或者机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。 篇章结构建议信 经典考题(北京高考改编)假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim
251、所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信。内容包括：1你建议的线路；2你的理由；3你的祝愿。注意：1词数80左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，_Yours，Li Hua审题谋篇(1)体裁：建议信；(2)时态：一般现在时为主；(3)人称：第一、二人称为主；(4)要点：建议的线路；理由；祝愿。参考范文Dear Jim，Im happy to receive your letter and know youre coming to China.Of the two trips to the Ya
252、ngtze River and Mount Tai，both are highly recommended. Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze，the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover，the scenery along the river is amazing，with many w
253、ellknown sightseeing spots. Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.Hope youll have a good time in China.Yours，Li Hua 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1) You have asked for my advice about.and I will try to make some useful suggestions here.关于你向我征求意见，在此，我尽量提出一些有用的建议。(2) Im sorry to know tha
254、t you are having trouble with/in doing.at the moment.得知此刻你遇到麻烦我深感遗憾。(3)Im very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how.非常高兴收到你的来信，在信中，关于如何你向我征求意见。2表达建议常用语(1) Here are some tips/advice/suggestions.这里有一些建议。(2)You may/might as well do.你不妨做(3)I would like to suggest that.我想建议3结尾部分常用语(1)
255、I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously.我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。(2)I hope you will find these suggestions useful/helpful.我希望这些建议/意见对你来说有用/有帮助。(3) In my opinion/Personally/As far as Im concerned，it would be wise to take the following action.在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。 即时训练(2021山东泰安二模)假定你是你
256、班英语科代表李华，得知许多同学长时间在网上学习英语。就此请你用英语给你班同学发一封电子邮件，内容包括：1陈述长时间在网上学习造成的影响；2你的建议(控制时间、多种形式相结合等)。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文Dear classmates，Im sorry to learn that many of us have spent too much time learning English on the Internet，which can obviously do harm to our bodies，especially eyesight.Thus，as t
257、he representative of English class，I want to offer some suggestions.First，we can limit online study time.Second，we should combine various forms of English learning.Online English learning should be combined with offline English learning.In fact，we have a lot of things to do，such as doing some writte
258、n assignments and practising spoken English once in a while.In short，lets study together healthily and effectively.Yours，Li Hua6感谢信 题型特点感谢信是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的信件。在收到别人的邀请、受到别人的表扬或帮助后，被邀请者、被表扬者或被帮助者往往需要写一封感谢信。 篇章结构感谢信 经典考题(2021杭州模拟)假定你是李华。最近，你刚结束在英国为期一个月的交换学习。学习期间，你和房东Mr.Wilson结下了深厚的友谊。请根据下面的写作提纲
259、给Mr.Wilson发一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.表示感谢；2回顾他对你的照顾和帮助；3邀请他来中国游览。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_审题谋篇(1)体裁：感谢信；(2)时态：一般过去时为主；(3)人称：第一人称为主；(4)要点：表示感谢；回顾他对你的照顾和帮助；再次表示感谢，邀请到中国来。参考范文Dear Mr. Wilson，How is everything going? Im writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kindness.How I miss the days we spent
260、 together! Thanks to your help，I got used to the lifestyle there soon. I still miss the delicious meals you prepared for me. Besides，I really appreciate your patience while you were talking with me. By practising speaking with you every day，I gradually improve my spoken English.I hope we can keep in
261、 touch with and communicate with each other in the future. It would be a great honor for me to invite you to come to China so that you can experience Chinese culture.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1) I am writing to express my thanks for.我写这封信是为了表达我对的谢意。(2) I would like to convey in this lett
262、er my heartfelt thanks to you for.在信中我要为向你表达我诚挚的谢意。(3)On behalf of my whole family，I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for.我谨代表我全家对表示真诚的感激。2结尾部分常用语(1)Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories; we will remember them forever.没什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远牢记在心。(2)Again，I would like to express m
263、y warm thanks to you! /Thanks again for your kind help.我再次对你表示衷心的感谢。/对你的热心帮助再次表示感谢。(3)I appreciate it more than I can say./I can never thank you enough.感激之情，无以言表。 即时训练(2019浙江写作第一节)假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1表示感谢；2回顾Alex对你的帮助；3临别祝愿。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文Dear Alex，Im sor
264、ry to hear that you are going to return to your country very soon and Im writing this email to express my gratitude for your help.First of all，thank you for helping me learn English.Without your help，I would not have made so great progress in Englishlearning.Besides，what you told me about your count
265、ry broadened my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.I wish you all the best in the future and have a good journey.Yours，Li Hua7求助信 题型特点写英文求助信的原因是目前自己遇到了一些困难，需要请求对方帮助，因此整篇文章应用一般现在时表达文意。当描述自己得到帮助后的进步时应用一般将来时。 篇章结构求助信 经典考题(2020丽水模拟)假定你是高中生李华，你们学校要在三月十日举办英语配音比赛(dubbing contest)，你想参赛，但是不知
266、道该选什么电影。你给笔友Peter写封邮件，请他推荐。要求：1主题是关于友谊；2时间限定在4到5分钟；3每个节目最多6个角色。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_审题谋篇(1)体裁：求助信；(2)时态：一般现在时为主；(3)人称：第一人称为主；(4)要点：问候对方并交代写信的目的求助；说明自己遇到的具体困难想参加配音比赛，但是不知道选择哪部电影合适，所以求推荐；表示感谢和期盼之情。参考范文Dear Peter，How is everything going? I am writing to you，hoping to seek for help.Our school wi
267、ll hold an English dubbing contest on March 10th. I am eager to have a try. However，I dont know which film is suitable. As a movie fan，would you be so kind as to give me some recommendations? According to the requirements，the theme should be about friendship. And each video may last 4 to 5 minutes.
268、Whats more，there should not be more than six characters in each video.I would really appreciate it if you could do me the favor. Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1)My name is. Im writing to you for some help.我叫，写信的目的是向你寻求一些帮助。(2)Im writing a letter to you to ask you to do me a
269、 favor.我给你写信想请你帮我一个忙。2寻求帮助常用语(1)Faced with so much difficulty，I have to ask you for help.面对这么多的困难，我不得不向你求助。(2) In the meanwhile/At the same time，I beg you to. so that. Also，I would like you to.同时，我恳求你以便我也想让你(3)I would like you to introduce some good ways to learn grammar.我想让你给我介绍一些学习语法的好方法。3结尾部分常用语(
270、1)Im sure with your help I can make great progress.我相信在你的帮助下我会取得很大的进步。(2)I will appreciate any of your help.我将非常感谢你的一切帮助。 即时训练(2021全国甲卷)假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括：1阐明写信事由；2征求建议；3表示感谢。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文Dear Chris，How are things goin
271、g these days? I am writing to ask you for help. My school is planning to hold class meetings about Chinese traditional culture and will post some of the meetings on an English website. Can you let me know which of the following options you and people around you would enjoy most? One is classical poe
272、try of the Tang and Song dynasties. Also on the list is calligraphy，an important symbol of traditional culture. Other options under consideration include festivals and architecture，both of which can well represent Chinese culture.Thank you for your time. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li
273、Hua8推荐信 题型特点写英文推荐信是向对方推荐一个人、一个地方或一件东西等。应提出推荐的理由，介绍自己推荐的内容的优点。因此整篇文章应用一般现在时表达文义。 篇章结构 经典考题(20216月浙江高考写作第一节)昨天你参观了学校举办的学生国画作品展。请给校英文报写一篇宣传稿，内容包括：1展览时间、地点；2观展感受；3推荐观展。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_审题谋篇(1)体裁：推荐宣传文稿；(2)时态：一般过去时为主；(3)人称：第三人称为主，第一人称和第二人称为辅；(4)要点：交代展览时间地点；介绍观展感受；推荐观展。参考范文Yesterday I visited
274、 the exhibition of students traditional Chinese paintings organized by our school. The exhibition，which is being held in the school art gallery，will last until June 30th. The works on display there are so fantastic that I am deeply impressed by the talent of the painters as well as the charm of trad
275、itional Chinese culture.Therefore，I highly recommend you to pay a visit to this exhibition，for it is really worth seeing. 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1)I am both honoured and pleased to recommend.我荣幸地推荐(2)I am writing to you to recommend.我给你写信是要推荐(3)It is with great pleasure that I take this opportunity to give a
276、recommendation.我很荣幸地抓住这次机会推荐2推荐事物或人常用语(1)Awarded with the title of the Excellent Graduate，he is an enthusiastic and progressive young man with high potentiality.他获得了优秀毕业生的称号，是一位热情积极向上的年轻人，具有很强的潜力。(2)In addition to her excellence in academic study，she also performs very well in her job.除了学术上的出色，她在工作中
277、也表现得很出色。(3)Her academic record was constantly maintained at the top level，which resulted from her devotion to study and intelligent nature.她的学习成绩始终保持在顶尖水平，这得益于她对学习的投入和她聪慧的天性。(4)I have found him to be hardworking，competent，honest，diligent and reliable.我发现他是一个勤奋、有能力、诚实、勤奋和可靠的人。3结尾部分常用语(1)If he can joi
278、n the company，he will give full play to his potential/talent.And your company will be greatly benefited.So I strongly recommend.to you.如果他能加入公司，他将充分发挥他的潜力/才能。而您的公司将会大大受益。所以我强烈推荐给您。(2)Should this recommendation gain your favorable consideration，it would be highly appreciated.如果您能考虑此推荐信，我将不胜感激。 即时训练假定
279、你是李华，得知你校外籍教师Peter计划在暑假回国，他想送给母亲可以代表中国文化特色的礼物，请给他写一封邮件，向他推荐礼物。内容包括：1推荐礼物；2推荐原因；3表达祝愿。注意：1词数80左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Peter，Im glad to hear that _ _Yours，Li Hua参考范文Dear Peter，Im glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. And I am writ
280、ing to give you some advice.Personally，I think you should buy the following two gifts：Qipao and Chinese knot. Qipao，a very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women，can show the real beauty of a woman. I am sure your mother will like it very much. Whats more，it is also a good choice for you to b
281、uy the Chinese knot. It is usually hung in the sitting room or cars，which represents good luck.Wish you could get a satisfying gift for your mother!Yours，Li Hua第二讲通知 题型特点通知(notice)是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某件事情等时使用的一种应用文体，通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种。 篇章结构通知 经典考题(2018全国卷改编)你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”宣布一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Gro
282、wing Together，内容包括：1短片内容：学校的发展；2放映时间、地点；3欢迎对短片提出意见。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_审题谋篇(1)体裁：(口头)通知；(2)时态：一般现时和将来时为主；(3)人称：第三人称为主；(4)要点：短片内容：学校的发展；放映时间、地点；欢迎对短片提出意见。参考范文Boys and girls，May I have your attention，please? Recently，an outstanding movie will be shown in our campus. Here are some relevant det
283、ails about it.To begin with，the name of the movie is Growing Together，which is about the development of our beloved school. It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides，please note that it will be shown in the library from 200 to 400 in the afternoon on Jun
284、e 9th. Whats more，everyone of you will be welcome to take part in it，enjoying the movie，having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.Hopefully，you would make it to our activity. 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1)May I have/call your attention，please?请大家注意一下，好吗？(2)Attention，please，everybody!请大家注意！
285、(3)I have an announcement to make.我有一件事情要宣布。2中间部分常用语(1)It has been decided that well pay a visit to.已经决定我们将参观(2)The Student Union has decided that.学生会已决定(3)We shall have a lecture on.我们将举行关于的研讨会。3结尾部分常用语(1)Please attend it on time and dont be late.请按时到场，不要迟到。(2)I hope you can have a good time.我希望你们玩
286、得开心。(3)Everyone is welcome to attend/take part in it.欢迎所有人参加。(4)Thats all. Thank you.就这些，谢谢。 即时训练假定你是李华，作为交换生正在英国学校学习。为了推广中国文化，学生会将于2022年6月20日在学校报告厅举办“中国诗词大会”(Chinese Poetry Conference)，请你用英语写一则通知告知该校同学有关参赛事宜。要点：1.报名时间、地点；2比赛内容：中国诗词，以唐诗为主；3奖品：唐诗三百首；4联系人及联系方式：李华LH。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文No
287、ticeIn order to promote Chinese culture，our school will hold a Chinese Poetry Conference.As scheduled，the conference is to be held in the school lecture hall at 700 pm. on June 20，2022，before which you are supposed to get adequately prepared. Therefore，its strongly recommended that you recite enough
288、 classical poetry and focus on the poems of the Tang Dynasty. The appealing prize Three Hundred Tang Poems is waiting for you. Whoever wants to participate，please sign up in the Student Union office before March 31.For any question，please email Li Hua at LH.The Student Union第三讲演讲稿 题型特点演讲稿是参加会议者为了在会议
289、或重要活动上表达自己的意见、看法或汇报思想工作情况而事先准备好的文稿。它能节省时间，集中、有效地围绕议题把话讲好，而不至于走题或把话讲错。演讲稿分为：欢迎辞、欢送辞、倡议书等。 篇章结构 经典考题(20211月浙江高考书面表达)假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：1表示欢迎；2介绍活动安排；3表达祝愿。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_审题谋篇(1)体裁：发言稿；(2)时态：一般将来时为主；(3)人称：第一人称和第三人称为主；(4)要点：自我介绍，表达欢迎；活动目的和安排；提出期望和预祝。参考范文Dear exc
290、hange students from New Zealand，I am Li Hua，chairman of the Student Union. On behalf of the whole school，I express a warm welcome to your arrival.In order to learn about our local as well as unique campus culture，a traditional activity performed by us students will be staged at the School Hall on Fr
291、iday afternoon，from 3：00 to 6：00 pm. It is there that mini workshops such as papercutting，calligraphy，porcelain making and shadow show will be set up. At the stadium you can have a taste of these traditional crafts by either seeing them in action or trying one by yourself.Therefore，I sincerely wish
292、you could take full advantage of this opportunity to explore，and appreciate our charming culture.Thats all. Thank you. 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1)My name is.Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.I shall be speaking about.我是今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是(2)Good morning，everyone! It is my
293、 great honor to share with you my opinions on.大家上午好！很荣幸能和你们分享我对的看法。(3)Its my great honor to be here/to have the opportunity to say something about.很荣幸能在这里/能有机会谈论一下关于2结尾部分常用语(1)I am sure that with your great efforts，you will enjoy a colorful life here.我相信凭着你的努力，你将会在这里享受丰富多彩的生活。(2)I hope what is menti
294、oned above might be helpful to you! Thank you for your listening!我希望上面提到的对你们有帮助！谢谢聆听！ 即时训练(2021全国乙卷高考书面表达)你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：1分析优势与不足；2提出学习建议。注意：1词数80左右；2题目和首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。Be smart online learnersOnline learning has become an important way to study._ _参考范文Be smart
295、 online learnersOnline learning has become an important way to study. However，it has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand，it is convenient and timesaving，allowing us to learn anytime and anywhere we like. Besides，it provides us with a wide range of learning resources and flexible learn
296、ing ways. On the other hand，there is a greater chance of us being drawn to social media and other sites. We may also develop physical problems as a result of sitting in front of the screen for a long time.To avoid these problems，we should try our best to concentrate on our study and take enough brea
297、ks from the screen to refresh our mind and body.第四讲记叙文的写作 题型特点记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以描写人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。其六要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。侧重写人的记叙文，以介绍人物生平事迹为重点；侧重叙事的记叙文，以叙述事情的发生、发展、经过和结果为重点。 篇章结构记叙文 经典考题(2020全国)上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括：1农场情况；2采摘过程；3个人感受。注意：1词数80左右；2题目已为你写好。My Weekend_审题谋
298、篇(1)体裁：记叙文；(2)时态：一般过去时为主，一般将来时为辅；(3)人称：第一人称；(4)要点：采摘活动时间、参加人物、活动地点；描写活动具体过程；个人感想。参考范文My WeekendLast weekend，my classmates and I took part in a farm picking activity.Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm.W
299、hile enjoying being close to nature，we began to help pick peaches covering every tree.We worked in pairs，one picking peaches and the other carefully putting them into a big box.Through participating in this picking activity，I have become aware of the significance of work.I am determined to study har
300、d，to be a useful person to the country and to contribute to the improvement of peoples lives. 万能句型1开头部分常用语(1)In order to encourage the students to get close to nature，our school organized a mountainclimbing activity.为了鼓励学生们走进大自然，我们学校组织了一次登山活动。(2)Last Monday witnessed an exciting comingofage ceremony
301、.上周一我们举行了一次成人礼活动。2结尾部分常用语(1)The activity benefited us a lot./The activity was of great benefit to us./The activity was very beneficial to us.这次活动对我们很有好处。(2)They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.他们说这是多么美好的一天，他们会永远铭记。(3)What they did has brought joy to others and en
302、riched their own lives.他们所做的给他人带来了快乐，而且丰富了他们自己的生活。(4)Apart from knowledge，we also learned to cooperate with each other and came to realize the importance of teamwork.除了知识，我们也学会了和他人合作，也逐渐意识到合作的重要性。 即时训练(2020新高考全国)假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1参加人员；2跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下；3活动反响。注意：写作词数应为80左右。_参考
303、范文A CrossCountry Running RaceLast Sunday，our school held a fivekilometer crosscountry running race.All students in Senior 3 took part in it.The purpose of this race was to inspire us students to pay more attention to physical exercise.At 7 a.m.we started at the school gate.And then we ran all the wa
304、y to the foot of South Hill.On the way，although some students fell behind，they kept running until the finishing line.From this activity，we have realized that building up our body is of great importance，and we have also learned more about “persistence leads to success”层级七读写整合深度破解读后续写一、题型解读读后续写考题，提供一段
305、350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容和所给段落开头语进行续写，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文(150词左右)。从试题结构看，读后续写评价的是书面理解能力和书面表达能力。因此，在写作之前，首先读懂文本，理清故事情节，然后构思故事的发展和结局。二、命题特点该题型一方面考查考生对所学语言的实际运用能力，另一方面也培养学生的发散思维能力。读后续写不是随心所欲地写，而是根据题目要求，在读懂原文的基础上，利用原材料的素材、线索和情节等充分发挥想象力和创造力来续写。通过对试题的分析，我们可得出读后续写的四大命题特点：三、评分原则1本题总分为25分，按七个档次进行评分。2评
306、分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：(1)续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度。(2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。(3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。3评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。4评分时还应注意：(1)词数少于120的，酌情扣分；(2)书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分；(3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。四、写作步骤1细读文本要素，品读主旨意图。阅读是读后续写的起点，起点的质量高低直接影响着续
307、写能达到的高度。(1)在细读文本要素的过程中，考生应梳理关键信息，从内容层面弄清楚文章的体裁、题材、中心人物、主要故事、发展线索等；从语言层面感知语篇的语言风格、行文逻辑、故事发展等。(2)在品读主旨意图的过程中，考生应从情感层面通过关键词和故事脉络来探究和确立文章的写作风格、感情基调、主旨大意等。读后续写不仅要求故事情节合理发展，也需要写作风格一脉相承。最佳的续写应是在内容、语言和情感方面与原文风格保持一致。2预测发展趋势，建构合理情节。在提炼出人物、故事及主旨等文本要素后，考生应当结合两段续写段落的首句充分发挥想象，预测故事的大致走向进而勾勒出更加丰富、合理的故事情节。最后根据主旨和故事发
308、展对信息作出选择、拓展细节、组织内容，从而完成续写这一创造性的思维过程。3梳理写作要点，善用语言，关注衔接。在完成读后续写的过程中，细读是起点，建构是中点，写作是重点。在前面信息建构的基础上，学生将选出的信息和拓展的细节建构成故事发展的要点。写作中，学生还要注意与原文在文体和语言上保持一致。心灵鸡汤系列的文章语言应似和风细雨，娓娓道来；故事类的文章，用词应简单形象；短篇小说类的文章，结局较为意外，或讽刺或幽默或感人。此外，学生还应注意续写内容与所给段落首句的衔接程度，并确保所续写的内容和主旨积极向上、富有正能量。 应考微技能每一种体裁都有其特定的语言特色，记叙文也是如此。记叙文的语言有记叙文语
309、言的特点。那么，在记叙文写作中，哪些词汇的运用可以为文章增色，成为文章亮点呢？下面收集整理了部分具有高分特质的词汇，请细细体会，熟记于心，多加运用，定会让你的文章脱颖而出。 高级词汇一、表示人物开心快乐1难以形容地开心：indescribably wild joy2极为感动：be overwhelmingly moved3几乎无法掩饰他的兴奋：can hardly conceal his excitement4既兴奋又开心：a mixture of excitement and happiness5显示出极大的意愿：show a great readiness6被强烈地吸引：be powerf
310、ully attracted to7心情愉快：in cheerful spirits8振作精神：keep up ones spirits9满意的表情：a satisfied look10对感到满意：be content with.11对很高兴：be delighted at.12为成功而欣喜：be excited with joy at the success13被的壮观景象所吸引：be fascinated by the spectacle of.14喜爱，对着迷：be keen on15高兴地跳起来：dance/jump for joy16欣喜若狂：be wild with delight
311、17一个令人鼓舞的表情：an encouraging expression18过一个愉快的假日：have a pleasant holiday19心满意足，非常幸福：on the top of the world20流下幸福的泪水：tears of happiness flow down21乐得大叫：yell with delight22使某人心情愉快：brighten sb.s heart23使某人安心：set ones heart at rest24感到鼓舞的：feel inspired/encouraged25精神高涨：be in high spirits二、表示人物伤心抑郁1强烈的失落
312、感：a strong sense of loss2陷入绝望：fall into despair3避免陷入消极的漩涡：avoid getting sucked into a whirlpool of negativity4哭泣释放苦闷情绪：crying gives some emotional release5减轻某人的痛苦/烦恼：ease sb.of his pain/trouble6因某人的死亡而痛心：break ones heart over ones death7使某人悲痛：make ones heart bleed8伤心而死：die of a broken heart9悲痛欲绝：cry
313、 ones heart out10怀着沉重的心情：with a heavy heart11沮丧的：with a sinking heart12忧郁的：with a sorrowful heart13惊慌失措：be seized with panic14有点惊讶：come as something of a surprise15感到疲惫不堪：feel exhausted and overwhelmed16很可能引发一阵挫败感：be extremely likely to raise a storm of frustration17某人突然感到一阵悲伤：a flash of grief comes
314、 upon sb.18情绪低落：be down in spirits19垂头丧气：lose ones spirit20心里悲伤：be sad at heart21意志消沉：a broken spirit三、表示人物愤怒怨恨1引起某人的不快：arouse ones displeasure2对某人的行为感到不满：be displeased at ones conduct3易为琐事而恼火：be easily annoyed at trifles4气得说不出话：be speechless with indignation5不断地抱怨：complain constantly6对大发脾气：rage at
315、sb.7怒火万丈：flame high8气得满脸通红：flame with anger9勃然大怒：fly into a rage10对某人勃然大怒：get mad/cross at sb.11愁眉苦脸：have a worried look12对抱怨不予理会：ignore/disregard a complaint13对表示不满：express/voice a complaint about14怒气冲冲地跑出房间：run out of the room in a burst of anger15愤怒地跺脚：stamp ones foot in anger16感到尴尬的：feel embarra
316、ssed17感到困惑的：feel puzzled/confused18感到沮丧的：feel frustrated/depressed19感到恶心的：feel disgusted/sickened20感到恼怒的：feel annoyed21感到泄气的：feel discouraged四、表示人物其他情绪1激发兴趣：find.highly stimulating2宽容的精神：a forgiving spirit3以和蔼可亲的态度：with a kindly and goodhumored spirit4对一点也不感兴趣：not in the least be interested in.5混合着焦
317、虑与希望的情绪：mixed with the emotion of anxiety and hope6引起强烈的情感：set off strong feelings in the hearts of.7对彻底上瘾：be hopelessly addicted to.8在这些情绪的控制下：under the domination of these emotions五、表示人物的外貌特征1优美的身材：a graceful figure2匀称的形体：a shapely figure3瘦削的身材：a skinny figure4细长的身体：a slim figure5发育良好的身体：a welldev
318、eloped figure6仪表堂堂：an imposing/a dashing/a handsome/a striking figure7(人)形体很好：have a good figure8改善形体：improve ones figure9看到月光下有一个模糊的人影：see a dim figure in the moonlight10炫耀某人优美的身段：show off sb.s lovely figure11中等身材：an average build12身材魁梧的人：a wellbuilt man六、表示人物个性品质1务实的：be downtoearth2保守的性格：conservat
319、ive personality3缺乏责任感：lack of responsibility4具有的美德：with the virtue of5责任感：a sense of responsibility6一个专心致志进行探索的科学家：a scientist bent on making a discovery7高素质、有经验的老师：highly qualified，wellexperienced teaching staff8脾气好的人：a goodhumored/goodnatured person9一个完美的人：a faultless/perfect person10一个有自制力的人：a se
320、lfpossessed person11一个疑心重的人：a suspicious person12有抱负的人：an ambitious person13聪明人：an intellectual person14个性强的人：a man of fine personality15容易相处的人：an easy person to deal with16冷酷无情的人：a coldblooded man17性情和善的男子：a goodnatured man18严肃的年轻人：a serious young man19头脑简单的人：a simpleminded man20能说会道的人：a smoothspok
321、en man21消息灵通/见多识广的人：a wellinformed man22娴静有礼的淑女：a quiet，gracious lady23说话直率的人：an outspoken man24有教养的女子：a cultured woman七、表示人物心理活动1鼓起勇气：master up courage2期待：in the expectation of3不顾对的忧虑：regardless of concern over4感觉不适：feel out of place5毫无倦意：show no signs of tiredness6走神：keep drifting away7好奇地向某人看：thr
322、ow a curious glance at sb.8对某事不存幻想：be under no illusion about sth.9不耐烦地听：listen impatiently10赞赏的目光：an admiring gaze八、表示人物的动作1步态优美地走：walk gracefully2拖着疲惫的双腿回家：go home on tired legs3朝某人匆匆瞥了一眼：cast a hasty glance at sb.4听到远处隆隆的雷声：hear the thunder rolling in the distance5穿过田野的散步：a walk across the fields
323、6爆发出阵阵喝彩声：break into shouts of applause7自吹自擂：sing ones own praise8严厉训斥某人：give sb.a sharp scolding9一跃而起：jump to ones feet10漫步向山里走去：wander into the mountain11来回踱步：pace back and forth12毫无目的地在街上游荡：wander aimlessly through the streets13臂挽着臂走：walk arm in arm14故意说：say sth.deliberately九、表示天气1凉爽清新的风：cool，ref
324、reshing breeze2落日：the setting/declining sun3多雨的季节：a rainy season4暴风雨之夜：a stormy night5四面受风：expose to the four winds of heaven6连绵不断的雨：continuous/constant rains7在茫茫大雨中：in the blinding rain8深埋在雪中：be buried in snow9难以忍受的酷热：unbearably hot10在春天温暖的阳光里：in the warm spring sunshine11放晴：clear up12狂风暴雨：fierce/h
325、eavy/violent storms13及时雨：a timely/seasonable rain14沐日光浴：bathe/bask in (the) sunshine15在盛夏灼热的阳光下：under the blazing/scorching/ burning sun of midsummer十、表示地理位置1位置优越的城市：a favorably situated city2水下面的暗礁：a hidden rock beneath the surface of the water3一个偏僻的小村子：a small village off the map4离海滨仅咫尺之遥：within a
326、 stones throw of the beach5位于最北端：be situated at the northern extreme of.6在群山环抱的村庄里：in a village among the hills7朝南的房间：room facing south8人烟稀少的农村地区：the thinly populated rural area9位于太平洋沿岸某处：be located somewhere on the Pacific coast 典例展示阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。My dad and I both love to rem
327、ember the past.As he was approaching 60，I wanted to do something really fun. I came up with an idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him，put each one into an envelope60 in totaland have him open them one by one on his birthday? So I wrote an email to my family and friends，explaining m
328、y idea. This was what I said：Hello，everyone!If youre receiving this email，you probably know that our dad，Patrick Burns，is turning 60 next month. To celebrate his birthday，wed like to put together a little surprise to let him know that his nearest and dearest are thinking of him.We would be so gratef
329、ul if youd write down a favorite memory you have of our dad and put it in the post.You can just write it down on a piece of paper and sign your name.Thank you so much! We do appreciate you taking a few minutes to do this; it will be so worth it when he reads all the memories people have of him!Holly
330、，Tom，Lake，and SusieI sent this email and waited. And then the replies started coming in and I was amazed. There were so many memories. They came from the 50s，60s and 70s，from every decade between now and the day my dad was born. They came from my mother，my siblings，my grandma，my dads friends，my dads
331、 sister，my dads first boss，a colleague at his first job，from people who hadnt seen my dad for 40 years，from people I hadnt even contacted originally but who had been told about the project by someone else. They typed them and handwrote them. They mailed them and emailed them.The night before my dads
332、 birthday，my sister and I stayed up late，putting everything together. The next morning，after breakfast and presents and cake，we gave the pile of envelopes to him，“Just one more thing for you，” we said.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。It took him a really，really long time to open them._ _This birt
333、hday meant as much to me as it did to my dad._ _第一步读文本(拆分理解)My dad and I both love to remember the past. As he was approaching 60，I wanted to do something really fun. I came up with an idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him，put each one into an envelope60 in totaland have him open
334、them one by one on his birthday? So I wrote an email to my family and friends，explaining my idea. This was what I said：分析：父亲和“我”都喜欢回忆过去。父亲60岁生日即将到来，因此“我”想送给他一份特别的礼物：邀请亲朋好友分别把他们对“我”父亲的记忆用书信的形式记下来，送给父亲。段落关键词：remember；memories段落大意：故事背景：回忆过去。Hello，everyone!If youre receiving this email，you probably know
335、that our dad，Patrick Burns，is turning 60 next month. To celebrate his birthday，wed like to put together a little surprise to let him know that his nearest and dearest are thinking of him.We would be so grateful if you d write down a favorite memory you have of our dad and put it in the post. You can
336、 just write it down on a piece of paper and sign your name.Thank you so much! We do appreciate you taking a few minutes to do this ; it will be so worth it when he reads all the memories people have of him!Holly，Tom，Lake，and Susie分析：“我”给亲朋好友发去了邮件，说明缘由：分别记下他们对“我”父亲最好的回忆，然后签名、并邮寄过来。段落关键词：nearest and d
337、earest；a favorite memory段落大意：寄邮件寻求帮助I sent this email and waited. And then the replies started coming in and I was amazed. There were so many memories. They came from the 50s，60s and 70s，from every decade between now and the day my dad was born. They came from my mother，my siblings，my grandma，my dad
338、s friends，my dads sister，my dads first boss，a colleague at his first job，from people who hadnt seen my dad for 40 years，from people I hadnt even contacted originally but who had been told about the project by someone else. They typed them and handwrote them. They mailed them and emailed them.The nig
339、ht before my dads birthday，my sister and I stayed up late，putting everything together. The next morning，after breakfast and presents and cake，we gave the pile of envelopes to him，“Just one more thing for you，” we said.分析：很多亲朋好友都寄来了自己的信。“我”深受感动。在生日当天，“我”把这份礼物送给了父亲。段落关键词：amazed；so many memories；one mo
340、re thing段落大意：送出礼物第二步细构思1分析首句第一段It took him a really，really long time to open them.分析1：拿到这份“厚礼”之后，父亲有怎样的反应呢？写作提示：“long time to open”的用意何在？写作方向：对父亲读“回忆”时的感受进行描写。第二段This birthday meant as much to me as it did to my dad.分析2：看到父亲的反应之后，“我”对此事又有何感想？写作提示：“meant so much to me”到底有怎样的深刻体会？写作方向：对“我”自己对此事的感受进行描写
341、。2整体分析3写前分析4思维路径第三步精写作满分范文名师点评It took him a really，really long time to open them. Each one was a brief ticket to another time，a leap backward over years and decades into the past. When he was fingering the letters gently，a smile of understanding flashed across his face. At one point，he looked away d
342、eep in thought as if something unexpected touched his heart. Recalling those lovely and precise memories，my dad was filled with the wildest excitement and surprise.This birthday meant as much to me as it did to my dad. It gave me a different picture of my dad. I had never thought of my dad as being
343、so emotional before.It was a huge amount of fun to collect these memories，many of them occurring years before I was born. It was also a special weave made together by all the people from my dads past. It turns out that you can make a lot of memories in 60 years and you can relive them all over again
344、.书写清晰；结构完整；内容连贯；要点齐全！第一段使用了高级句式：时间状语从句When he was fingering the letters gently，方式状语从句as if something unexpected touched his heart和现在分词作状语Recalling those lovely and precise memories。第二段使用了高级句式：独立主格结构many of them occurring years before I was born和主语从句It turns out that you can make a lot of memories in
345、 60 years and you can relive them all over again。 模拟演练1阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。2021普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考卷)A MOTHERS DAY SURPRISEThe twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mothers Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought
346、her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They de
347、cided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next，Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat u
348、p the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time，she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.Then Jeff noticed
349、steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute，the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully，Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest
350、 of the porridge. But Jeffs hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。As the twins looked around them in d
351、isappointment，their father appeared._ _The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up._ _参考范文：As the twins looked around them in disappointment，their father appeared. Fathers appearing was like a savior to the two children. Under the guidance of their father，they took positive act
352、ions and started all over again. They made the bread and then went on cooking porridge. Father helped them adjust the fire，which was the key to success. It was all right this time. Delicious breakfast was ready. How happy they were!The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up. W
353、hen their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in front of her，she was very surprised. It was not only the gift. but the love of the children for her that moved her very much. The two children could finish cooking a breakfast，which she didnt expect. The children said loudly，“Happy Mothers
354、Day！” Mother hugged them tightly and kissed them again and again.2阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(20212022山东师范大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题)As 17yearold Torriell Norwood drove through St. Petersburg，Florida last February with her friends to pay a visit to the great park as scheduled. Norwood shared her
355、first aid courses and her dream of becoming a doctor and other girls shared their precious experiences about the natural adventures with each other. The laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they approached an intersection，another car Tboned
356、them，sending their black car sailing into the yard of a nearby home，coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree. All of them were in panic instantly，totally at a loss!As smoke waved from the car，a bystander shouted，“Its about to blow up! Get out！” The impact had caved in Norwoods drivers side
357、door，jamming it shut. The bystander seized the front door handle of the car，summoned all his strength to pull it open but failed. Shaken，but otherwise OK，Norwood crawled out through the window. She had a cut on the right side of her face. Originally her lovely face became very pale. Along with two o
358、f her friends，whod also managed to free themselves，she ran for her life.But halfway down the street，she realized that her best friend，Azarria Simmons，was not with them. Norwood ran back to the wreck and found Simmons slumped in the back seat.“She was not moving，” Norwood shouted with her heart tight
359、ened. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out，avoiding the broken glass as best she could. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. She checked her pulse. Nothing! She put her head against Simmonss chest. No sign of life!注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
360、If the accident had happened a few weeks earlier，she might not have known what to do. _After a while，the CPR worked and Simmons regained her consciousness._ _参考范文：If the accident happened a few weeks earlier，she might not have known what to do. But Norwood，who wanted to pursue a career in medicine，h
361、ad earned her CPR certificate just the day before. Kneeling on the ground and looking down at her dying friend，Norwood knew she had precious little time to practise what shed learned. She started pumping Simmonss chest with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friends mouth in hopes of fil
362、ling her lungs with the kiss of life. The other two girls ran back and called 911.After a while，the CPR worked and Simmons regained her consciousness. Simmons began coughing and gasping for air but she was still weak. Norwood breathed a sigh of relief knowing her friend out of danger. Soon the emerg
363、ency car arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital，where she received the comprehensive medical examination. Then after she heard how her best friend had saved her life，Simmons said gratefully，“I am so blessed to have her by my side. Such as she is，always ready for helping others in any way she can
364、.”3阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(20212022江苏省徐州市高三上学期期中抽测)As we came down to breakfast that morning，with very shiny faces and spandy clean aprons，we found father alone in the diningroom.“Happy New Year，papa! Where is mother？”we cried.“A little boy came begging and said they were starving at h
365、ome，so your mother went to see andah，here she is.”As papa spoke，in came mamma，looking very cold，rather sad，and very much excited.“Children，dont begin till you hear what I have to say，”she cried and we sat staring at her，with the breakfast untouched before us.“Not far away from here，lies a poor woman
366、 with a little newborn baby. Six children are huddled into one bed to keep from freezing，for they have no fire. There is nothing to eat over there; and the oldest boy came here to tell me they were starving this bitter cold day. My little girls，will you give them your breakfast，as a New Years gift？”
367、We sat silent a minute，and looked at the nice，hot porridge，creamy milk，and good bread and butter.“I wish wed eaten it up，” thought I，for I was rather a selfish child，and very hungry.“Im so glad you come before we began，”said Nan，cheerfully.“May I go and help carry it to the poor，little children？” as
368、ked Beth，who had the tenderest heart.“I can carry the glass pot，” said little May，proudly giving the thing she loved best.“And I shall take all the porridge，” I burst in，heartily ashamed of my first feeling.“You shall put on your things and help me，and when we come back，well get something to eat，”sa
369、id mother，beginning to pile the bread and butter into a big basket.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。We were soon ready and set out._ _Seeing the house totally in a mess，we fell to work immediately._ _参考范文：We were soon ready and set out. With May and Beth carrying the pot and I holding the porridg
370、e，we closely trailed mom. We plodded forward in the harsh wind and heavy snow. Then appeared a shabby house and in we popped. What greeted our eyes shocked us: at one end of the bed huddled six kids shivering with cold and the other lay a weak woman who just gave birth to a fragile child. Dirty pans
371、 and pots scattered about，with cockroaches creeping on the cracked floor.Seeing the house totally in a mess，we fell to work immediately. May helped sweep the floor. Beth and Nan cleaned the sink. Mom and I started a fire，which immediately heated up the place. The oldest brother joined us and set the
372、 table，which was now laid with lukewarm porridge，creamy milk and yummy bread. All the work done，we sat around and enjoyed the delicious food with mom complimenting it was the most meaningful New Year she had ever had. Meanwhile，tears of gratitude twinkled in the familys eyes as no words could convey
373、 with their appreciation towards us.4阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(20212022山东省烟台市高三上学期期中考试英语试题)In the fall of 2013，I was in fourth grade and my brother Mitch was in second. When many students had puppies，of course we wanted one too!“Mom，can we get a puppy？” I begged her.“Well，” she said，“The
374、yre a lot of work，so maybe when you are older.”“But Im already ten. Im old enough to look after a puppy，” I said confidently.“Yes，we should get a dog！” Echoed Mitch.“Everyone else at school has a puppy，” he exaggerate (夸张). Then mom had to repeat what she had just said: we could get a dog when we we
375、re a little bit older. Both Mitch and I were disappointed.The next day，before getting ready for school，we ran into the kitchen，where mom was preparing breakfast，and packing our lunches for school. In one voice，Mich and I said，“We are a little bit older. Can we get a dog now？” Mom smiled and said，“We
376、 will talk about it tonight with your dad，now go and get dressed！” We ran quickly into our room and got ready for school，anxious to get the day over so we could talk about the puppy we were going to get.That afternoon，as soon as Mitch and I got home from school，we asked mom once more when we could t
377、alk about getting a puppy. Mom reminded us，“Well talk about it when your dad gets home from work，okay？”“Okay，” we both said and Mitch followed by asking，“When will dad be home？” Mom told us that dad would be home at about 7 oclock and that we could talk to him after we got our homework done and all
378、ready for supper.7 oclock came supper slow. And it was not until 705 that I heard the key turn and the door open. I jumped up from the chair，and raced to greet dad at the door.“Dad！” I exclaimed，“Come on，come to the table so we can decide if we can get a puppy！”“Okay，”dad said as he came into the ki
379、tchen and sat down at the table. Then Mitch and I brought out all the reasons we could think of to persuade dad to be on our side.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Finally our parents agreed that if we could go thirty days on best behavior，we could get a puppy._One afternoon，we returned from schoo
380、l to find a little dog running in the yard._ _参考范文：Finally our parents agreed that if we could go thirty days on best behavior，we could get a puppy.“Yeah！” Mitch and I gave each other a high five and we jumped with joy. From that day on，we got up early to help mom make breakfast，did some housework，a
381、nd got along very nicely with each other so we could make it one day closer to meeting a sweet little puppy. We even decided on a good name，Luckie，for our future dog.Time dragged by and we were eagerly expecting the big day to come.One afternoon，we returned from school to find a little dog running i
382、n the yard.“Its a reward for your good behavior for the last month，”Mom said.“Hi，Luckie！” Mitch and I were overjoyed and we greeted the puppy excitedly. The little dog，wagging its tail happily，looked at us with the cutest look of innocence. We felt our hearts melt instantly.We bought Luckie some pup
383、py food and several lovely toys. Ever since then，feeding，walking and cleaning Luckie have been our daily routine. We really enjoy watching it grow and become our good companion. Meanwhile，we get to know that if we really want something，we should strive hard for it.5阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
384、短文。(20212022山东省潍坊市高三上学期期中考试英语试题)There was an elderly lady standing in the bonechilling cold outside the back of the supermarket. She was holding a basket with bunches of flowers.“Would you like the flowers，they are $3？” she asked me as I was walking past. I politely responded “No，thank you”，as I wal
385、ked away and went inside the supermarket.I was walking around the supermarket searching for the thing that I was needing to buy and thinking of that lady，standing in the cold holding her basket of flowers. Visualizing the beautiful flowers I had admired，her polite quiet voice and lonely figure，I won
386、dered about her unknown story of standing in the cold with her basket. Maybe her family was in urgent need of money; maybe she was a lone soul to earn a living with her own hands.I had my own personal struggles，I had to budget for everything and I appreciated that $3 was a lot for me，like many of us
387、 all and probably for her too. But it wasnt my first thought when she had asked me about buying her flowers. My first thought was that I didnt have the cash but this couldnt be used as an excuse for not buying those flowers. I had not carried cash with me for a few years and I thought many of us did
388、 the same.When I went to the register to pay with my card I asked for $3 cash out. The staff member questioned me about the $3. I felt anxious about it quickly and tried to remember the money I had in my account.And at the same time she pressed the button to process it. I had mentioned that I wanted
389、 to buy flowers from the lady who was selling them outside. Sigh of relief. I was glad to see it all had been accepted by the machine and the staff member handed me the $3.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式在相应位置作答。I walked away and around the corner of the supermarket to the lady._ _After giving her $3，I was
390、surprised when she handed me the change._ _参考范文：I walked away and around the corner of the supermarket to the lady. She was standing there，trembling in the cold. No sooner had she noticed my approach than her weatherbeaten face lit up. I said shyly“Hi sorry. I didnt have the cash on me. Yes，I would
391、like to buy some of your flowers”On hearing that，she instantly put the basket of flowers in front of me，wearing a big and warm smile. The flowers were in full bloom，dancing in the wind.I chose the bunch of flowers I had first sighted.After giving her $3，I was surprised when she handed me the change.
392、 I couldnt help but ask the price of the flowers.“$3 for all！”she explained. Without hesitation，I told her to keep the change. She took the money with shaking hands，tears welling up in her eyes. As I walked away，I hoped someone else could walk up to her and buy the rest flowers. We were all going through our own struggles but no matter how little we could do，it would make a difference.