1、Period 3 Grammar Word FormationAll things in their being are good for something. 天生我才必有用。Learninggoals:1. Review the words learnt in this unit.2. Learn and master the usages of word formation.3. Deal with the exercises for word formation.Step 1 Leading-in1. head+master black+board b news+paper class
2、+room clas 2. 辨析划线词的词性及意思。He has a taste for sports. / The fish tastes delicious. His hands are dirty. / He handed his pen on to me.3. care+ -ful care+less care+ careless+ness careless + -ness care+ -less Step 2 Thinking & Discussing一、合成(compounding) 由 个或 词合成一个词,有的用连字符号“一”连接,有的直接写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。常见
3、的合成词由以下几种方式合成: 1.合成名词 构成方式 例词名词代词+名词blood-test 验血,she-wolf 母狼n.+动名词machine-building 机械制造,handwriting书法adj+n.freeway 高速公路 shorthand 速记动名词+n.freezing point 冰点,reading room 阅览室v.+n.washroom 厕所,pickpocket 扒手v.+n.breakthrough 突破,get-together 联欢会副词+动词outbreak 爆发,downfall 垮台 另外,还有一些以其他方式构成的合成名词。例如: well-be
4、ing 福利 by-product副产品 good-for-nothing 无用之人commander-in-chief 总司令 2.合成形容词 构成方式 例词形容词+名词+-ednoble-minded高尚的,good-tempered 脾气好的Adj.+现在分词good-looking 好看的,fine-sounding 动听的Adj.+n.high-class 高级的, large-scale 大规模的n.+adj.duty-free 免税的, airsick 晕飞机的n.+现分peace-loving 热爱和平的,Englishspeaking讲英语的名词+过去分词man-made 人
5、造的,snow-covered 被雪覆盖的adj.+现分hard-working 勤劳的,far-reaching 深远的adj.+过分wellknown 著名的 wide-spread 广泛流传的另外,还有一些以其他方式构成的合成形容词。例如: overall(plan)总的(计划)out-and-out彻头彻尾的 face-to-face面对面的 happy-go-lucky无忧无虑的 all-round全面的3.合成动词 构成方式 例词 名词+动词 sleepwalk 梦游 baby-sit 看孩子adj.+v. blacklist 列入黑名单,broadcast 广播adj.+v. o
6、verthrow 推翻 undergo 经历4.合成副词 形容词+名词 hotfoot 匆忙地 anyway 无论如何adj.+adv. anywhere无论何处 anyhow 无论如何 adv.+adv. however 虽然 prep.+n. overhead 在头顶上prep.+adv. forever 永远5.合成代词 代词宾格+selfselves himselfthemselves adj.性物主pron+selfselves myselfourselvesadj.+n. nothing6合成介词 副词+名词 outside 在外面 prep.+adv. without 没有 wi
7、thin 在之内adv.+prep. into 进入二、.转化(conversion)一个单词由 转化为 或 词性,这种构词法叫 。单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的意义有密切联系。1动词转化为 n. let me have a try. They stopped there for a swim 英语中常用have,give,take,make等动词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作。例如:have a smoke 吸烟,have a bath 洗澡 give a kick 踢,give a shout 喊叫 take a seat 就座,make a bet 打赌-2名词转化成v. Have you
8、 booked your ticket? He hammered a nail into the wall 3Adj. 转化为动词 The train slowed down to half its speed. The classroom gradually quieted down4形容词转化为n. Theyre running in the final He didnt know the difference between right and wrong 5 Adj.转化为adv. How long have you lived there? How hard the students
9、 study! 6个别词在一定场合下可转化为 n. This dictionary is a must for students His argument contains too many ifs and buts三、派生(derivation) 由一个词根加上 或 构成另一个词。1前缀:词根加前缀 ,只引起 。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-,il (加在从l开头的词前),ir -(加在从r开头的词前),im -(加在以b,m,p开头的词前),in-,mis-,non-,un一等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。 appear-disappear possible
10、 -impossible correct -incorrect legal -illegal lead -mislead regular -irregular smoker-non-smoker happy-unhappy(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:anti (反对,抵抗) antiwar 反战的 sub (下面的) subway 地铁 inter (互相的 ) Internet 互联网 re (再,又) reuse 再利用 en (使) enrich 使富裕 vice (副) vice-manager 副经理pre (前,预先) preview 预习 post (后的) post-wa
11、r 战后 mid (中,半) midnight 半夜micro (微) microscope 显微镜 for-,fore-(先,前,预) forecast 预测,预报co- (共,同) co-operation合作2后缀:词根加后缀通常 ,只改变 。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有:-ence,-(e)r-or(从事sth.的人), -ese(某地人), -ess(雌性),-ful(一), -ian(精通的人), -ist(专业人员), -ment(性质,状态), -ness(性质,状态), -tion(动作,过程)等。eg. differ -difference write -writer Ja
12、pan -Japanese act -actress mouth -mouthful music -musician(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有:-(e)n(多用于adj.之后),-fy(使化),-ize(使成为):eg. wide-widen 加宽beauty- beautify美化real- realize意识到organ- organize组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有:-al,-able(有能力的),-(a)n (某国人),-en(多用于表材料的名词后),-ern(方向的),-ese (某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less(表否定),-like(像的
13、),-ly,-ous,-some,-y(表天气)等:eg. nature -natural reason -reasonable America -American gold -golden China -Chinese east-eastern child -childish snow -snowy(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度):eg. angry -angrily careful -carefullyStep 3 Testing1 加前缀变反义词correct agree understand possible 2加后缀变名词attract sail perform amuse 3加后缀变形容词effect nation hope culture 4加后缀变动词 short strength real beauty