1、第十节如何写议论文的主体议论文读写任务型作文指的是根据阅读材料所描述的某一事件、现象、观点或话题发表个人观点、意见和建议的一类读写任务，其实质就是要求学生根据题目要求写议论文。英语议论文有其独特的框架结构，能让读者迅速捕捉作者的观点和思路，值得学生模仿。其写作思路如下：一、开门见山引出论点在文章开头，通过主题句鲜明地提出观点或引出将要论述的内容，防止在论述的过程中跑题。常用的句式有：过渡/引出话题There is no doubt that.It can not be denied that.No one can ignore the fact that.From what is mentio
2、ned above, we know.提出观点From my point of view.As far as I am concerned.I hold the view/belief that.Personally，I believe that.表达立场Actually，I am in favour of the idea that.In some way，I am against the thought that.二、多种形式展示论据议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，如通过对比观点、阐述原因、列举例子等进行议论，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件或是对议论
3、的补充；叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据，因此，叙述应该是概括的，描写应该是简要的。议论文常用的句式有：总述原因There are several reasons that contribute to.My views are based on the following reasons.分层论述To begin with/First of all. Besides/Furthermore/. Finally/Last but not(the)least.On(the)one hand. On the other hand.For one thing. For another.列举例子Take .
4、 for example.For example/instance.引出经历It reminds me of the time when.What impresses me most is that.分析因果Thanks to/Owing to/Because of.Consequently/Therefore/Thus/As a result.讨论后果Just imagine what would be like if there were no.三、总结升华，重申观点在文中或文末，学生可以用不同的语言重申主题或提出解决问题的建议，从而使文章结构严谨、主题鲜明。常用的句式有：To sum u
5、p/In short/In conclusion/On the whole/All in all.Taking all the factors into account，we can draw a conclusion that.From the discussion above，it can be safely concluded that.Therefore，it is necessary for us to.To be brief，we should be aware of the importance of.Only when we/Only by.，can we.(2017盐城高三模
6、拟)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。What can you do when you are unhappy？If you want to let out your anger or pressure by breaking things，you just do.Now a school in Nanjing has built a “stress wall”to help students who feel unhappy due to heavy schoolwork or for other reasons.The leader of the school sa
7、id the idea of a stress wall started when footprints were found on some newly painted walls and some school windows were broken.“These things happen because some students feel lots of pressure from their studies or because they dont get along well with other students.When under stress，the body gets
8、ready to either run or fight and becomes very nervous.Hitting the wall can help relax the body and take away stress，” he said.“Tests and homework make me sad，”said a junior girl，“I cant wait to hit the wall.It will help me a lot with my problems.” However，another girl student who wouldnt give her na
9、me said，“The wall wont help because it cant talk，”and she added，“I need to talk to someone when Im sad.”【写作内容】1以约30个单词概括短文内容；2以约120个单词就“Should the stress wall be built”这一主题发表你的看法，包括以下要点：(1)学生的压力来源；(2)是否该建此墙并说明理由； (3)如认为不该建请提供一些其他有效的减压方式。【写作要求】1可以参照阅读材料但不得直接引用原文的句子；2作文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，
10、语篇连贯，词数适当。【审题】审题时应做到：(1)定时态：一般现在时。(2)定人称：第一和第三人称。【谋篇】第一段：概括短文内容。第二段：压力来源。第三段：我的观点。第四段：减压方法。【满分范文】The passage conveys to us that to help students with stress，a school built a“stress wall”for students to relax，towards which students hold different opinions.Nowadays，students are under great pressure，ma
11、inly coming from their school work as well as peer relationship.As far as I am concerned，building a stress wall is not appropriate.For one thing，even if students punch the wall heavily，the true stress in the bottom of their hearts can not be let out.For another，this may lead to the result of solving
12、 a problem with violence of fixing a bad temper，which has bad effects on their health growth.In order to decrease our stress，here are my suggestions.To begin with，we can design more outdoor activities for students to get rid of the stress.Whats more，it is strongly suggested that we should take part
13、in some sports events，which can surely help students out of stress and improve their health at the same time.All in all，only when we let out the stress properly can we live a happy school life.满分缘由1.行文架构(1)概括短文内容(2)压力来源：学习和同学关系(3)我的观点：不赞成建压力墙；两个方面去阐述(4)减压建议：参加课外活动；体育锻炼2.亮点词汇hold different opinions，a
14、s far as I am concerned，for one thing，in the bottom of ones heart，for another，to begin with，whats more，get rid of，all in all3.亮点句式句含有宾语从句和定语从句；句coming from.为现在分词作非限制性定语；句building.为动名词作主语；句中含有which引导的定语从句；句中使用了句式it is suggested that.和which引导的定语从句；句中使用了倒装句。句式改写1.用定语从句改写句Nowadays，students are under gre
15、at pressure， .2.用chances are that.和by doing.改写句 【答案】1.which mainly comes from their school work as well as peer relationship2.To begin with，chances are that students can get rid of the stress by designing more outdoor activities.A(2017扬州中学高三模拟)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。The rise of selfie(自拍)photo
16、graphy in some of the worlds most beautiful and dangerous places is causing a range of interventions(干预措施)aimed at fighting risktaking that has resulted in a string of shocking deaths worldwide.The act of taking a picture of oneself with a mobile phone，placing the subject centrestage，has exploded in
17、 popularity in recent years，with everyone from Britains Queen Elizabeth to US. President Barack Obama joining in.But the selfie has also inspired a lot of risktaking and offensive public behavior，pushing the boundaries of safety and behavior，whether by hanging from a skyscraper or posing with live e
18、xplosives.Several governments and regulatory bodies have now begun treating the selfie as a serious threat to public safety，leading them to launch public education campaigns reminding people of those against smoking and excessive drinking.【写作内容】1用约30个单词写出上文概要；2你对此现象所持的观点；3用23个理由或论据支撑你的观点。【写作要求】1写作过程
19、中不能直接引用原文语句；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 【参考范文】Today，more and more people，including some celebrities cannot resist the temptation to take photos of themselves in places with breathtaking scenery，regardless of the dangers involved.The trend has raised much public concern.Person
20、ally，I am against the behavior.Firstly，a cool selfie could cost you your life，and there have been several reports about people losing their lives while taking selfies.I strongly hold the belief that nothing is more important than life itself.Secondly，people who are addicted to selfies are more likel
21、y to violate the standards of social behavior，which may present a great danger to other people or the environment.They dont care about annoying people in their social media or care about the tourist attraction they are destroying.In short，I dont think it worthwhile taking selfies at the risk of life
22、.Selfies as acts of selffocus may also bring annoyance to the world around us.B(2017无锡高三检测)请阅读下面短文，并按要求写一篇150词左右的文章。When you are paying upwards of 15，000 a year to have your child privately educated，the big sum of money for extra tuition(学费)may not sit well with you.But that is exactly what seems to
23、 be happening.An increasing number of parents look to“topup”their childrens already expensive education with a private tutor.According to managing director Nevil Chiles of Kensington&Chelsea Tutors, the agencys students tend to fall into two groups.There are those who are struggling with a particula
24、r subject and benefit from onetoone tuition.The second group consists of students who are already excellent but whose parents want to ensure they go on to their preferred school or university. “We felt Mica needed help with exam technique and we also realized that she did much better onetoone than i
25、n a classroom，”explains Bowman，who contacted Kensington & Chelsea Tutors on the advice of a friend who used them for her sons，including one who was attending Eton.“Mica has established a good relationship with her tutors and has gained confidence as a result of the tutoring.”adds Bowman.【写作内容】1用约30个
26、单词概括短文主要内容；2简要分析社会上私人辅导受欢迎的原因(至少两条)；3谈谈你对私人辅导的态度(支持或反对)，并说明原因(至少两条)。【写作要求】1写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3标题已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：私人辅导private tutoring家庭教师tutor评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。Private Tutoring 【参考范文】Private TutoringNowadays，more and more students，either struggling or excelling，are turning to pr
27、ivate tutors，despite the high tuition. They are satisfied with the outcome.The reasons are not hard to find. Parents expect too much of tutors，believing they can give their children more encouragement and motivation. Indeed，private tutors, can make teaching plans tailored to the need of them, in who
28、se class students can receive due attention and get enlightened.I believe private tutoring benefits students a lot.Private tutors，mostly experienced and enthusiastic about teaching, can provide students in sight into their puzzling problems. Besides，time wasted on computer games can be made full use of to develop their potential to the fullest. Some of them, lost in despair for repeated failure，can build up confidence with tutors specific guidance, which goes a long way to their academic success.In a word, private tutors role can never be underestimated.【导学号：36742188】