1、第二部分 人与社会中考英语教材基础练 话题16 科技发明与创新第92练微语境词汇运用一、词汇运用 A)根据首字母或汉语提示,完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确、语言通顺。1.In recent years,China has made great a in science and technology.2.外研九上Module 9,Unit 2,P74 Developments in (印刷)made it possible to produce books more quickly and cheaply.答案1.achievements 根据语境可知,此处指取得了很大成就。achievemen
2、t为可数名词,前面没有冠词,故用复数形式achievements。2.printing 根据前面的介词in可知,此处应用printing。3.With the help of the Internet,knowledge can be s quickly.4.Robots are very useful and some factories r workers with robots now.5.Now we can find information on different w .答案3.spread 根据语境可知,此处表示知识可以被快速传播。由前面的be可知,此处应用spread的过去分词
3、spread。4.replace 根据语境可知,此处表示一些工厂用机器人替代工人。由前面的factories和后面的now可知,此处谓语动词用复数形式,时态用一般现在时。5.websites 根据语境和前面的介词on可知,此处指在不同的网站上。由前面的different可知,此处用复数形式websites。6.The Chinese company HUAWEI is always trying to make high-tech (产品).7.You can apply for an (电子的)ID card in the app.It is quite convenient.8.The n
4、ew (发明)has already changed the whole world a lot.答案6.products/product 根据语境可知,此处表示高科技产品。product作产品讲时既可为可数名词,也可为不可数名词,故填products或product。7.electronic 结合语境和汉语提示可知,此处表示在软件上申请一张电子身份证,故填形容词electronic。8.invention 根据前面的The可知此处用名词,再根据后面的has可知,此处用单数形式invention。9.Before using the camera,read the (用法说明)carefull
5、y.10.Chinas high-speed railway makes it fast and (方便)for people to travel.答案9.instructions instruction意为用法说明时,为可数名词,且常用其复数形式。10.convenient 根据语境和汉语提示可知,此处表示中国的高速铁路使人们旅行变得又快捷又方便,故填形容词convenient。B)用所给单词的适当形式填空。11.Nowadays WeChat is (wide)used in our daily lives.12.This is an (introduce)to the newly-des
6、igned bus.答案11.widely 分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰谓语动词,故填widely。12.introduction 根据语境和前面的冠词an可知,此处应用名词introduction介绍。13.It is (help)for you to have a clear idea of what you want.14.It is (mention)in the book that the zipper was invented in 1893.15.Tea,the most popular drink,is an (accident)invention.答案13.helpfu
7、l 根据语境和前面的is可知,此处应用形容词作表语,故填helpful。14.mentioned 分析句子结构可知,此处It作形式主语,后面的that从句为真正的主语,此处表示被提及,故用过去分词。15.accidental 根据语境和前面的冠词an以及后面的名词可知,此处应填形容词accidental意外的。二、妙辨异同 在空白处填入适当的介词。16.Desks and chairs are made wood.17.Do you believe that wine is made grapes?Yes,I do.Grapes can be made wine.答案16.of 17.from
8、;into 18.This car is made Germany.19.Xinyang and Hangzhou are known their tea.20.Yao Ming is known us,and we all know he is famous a basketball player.答案18.in 点拨be made of和be made from都有由制成的意思,当原材料并未改变仍可辨认时用be made of;当原材料已完全改变且辨认不出时用be made from;be made into.表示被制成;be made in sp.表示产于某地。19.for 20.to;
9、as 拓展be known/famous for因而闻名;be known to sb.为某人所熟悉;be famous as作为而出名。三、一词多义(每词限用两次)21.It will take the students another five days to the task.22.As we all know,food that is not in the fridge will go bad quickly.答案plete 22.stored fair(n.展销会;adj.公平的)train(n.火车;v.训练)store(n.商店;v.储存)complete(v.完成;adj.齐全
10、的)23.A large number of handicrafts made in China were shown in the international .24.2022北京西城区模拟改编The arrives at 9 oclock,so wed better set off now.25.Tom visited the website and found a list of courses offered by his ideal university.答案23.fair 24.train plete 26.It didnt seem to punish one child and
11、 forgive the other when they both made mistakes.27.Cindy has a clothes and she sells all the clothes at good prices.28.2022昆明官渡区模拟改编Su Bingtian so hard that he broke the Asian record.It tells us that success requires a lot of hard work.答案26.fair27.store28.trained第93练教材句型迁移一、教材句型仿写 1.人教八上Unit 7,Secti
12、on A 2d,P50Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.仿写:玛丽积极参加对这些贫困地区的孩子的教学工作。2.外研九上Module 9,Unit 1,P72改编With the invention of the computer and electronic technology,its easy to get information on the Internet.仿写:随着社会的发展,人们获取各种信息更容易了。答案1.Mary plays an active part in teaching the children in th
13、ese poor areas.2.With the development of society,its easier for people to get all kinds of information.3.外研九上Module 9,Unit 2,P74In a way,we can compare the invention of paper and printing to the introduction of the Internet in the twentieth century.仿写:我们把老师比喻成园丁。4.外研九上 Module 9,Unit 2,P74Although th
14、e Internet is still young,it is growing very fast,and may become more powerful than printing.仿写:尽管这个男人已经年老,但是他身体健康,而且可以照顾好自己。答案3.We compare teachers to gardeners.4.Although the man is already old,he still stays healthy/he is healthy,and can take good care of himself.5.人教九全Unit 5,Section A 2d,P34It s
15、eems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.仿写:似乎你是对的。6.人教九全Unit 5,Section A 3a,P35No matter what you may buy,you might think those products were made in those countries.仿写:不管你说什么,我都信你。答案5.It seems/seemed that you are/were right.6.No matter what you say,I will believe you.7.人教九全Unit 6
16、,Section A 2d,P42Well,you do seem to have a point.仿写:我真的希望你能来参加我们的聚会。8.人教九全Unit 6,Section A 3a,P43It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.仿写:据说在许多西方国家13是个不吉利的数字。答案7.I do hope you can come to our party.8.It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number i
17、n many Western countries.二、高级句型转换 9.Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5,000 years ago.(用Its known that.进行转换)高级句型:。10.You can learn English well only in this way.(改为倒装句)高级句型:。答案9.Its widely known that tea was first drunk about 5,000 years ago.10.Only in this way can you learn English
18、 well.三、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景,在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。A:Hey,Jim!What are you doing?B:Hi,Bob.Im reading the instructions about an invention.A:11.?B:Its called a selfie stick(自拍杆).A:Oh,let me have a look.What is it used for?B:12.A:And it doesnt seem heavy.13.Could you tell me how to use it?B:Certainly.Do
19、 you want to buy one?A:Yes,I do.14.?B:I bought it online.And I like taking photos of myself.A:Pretty good.15.?B:Sure,no problem!答案11.Whats it/the invention about 12.Its used for taking photos of yourself 13.It must be easy to carry 14.Where did you buy it 15.Can you help me buy one online 第94练重点语法复习
20、一、单项选择 1.Thanks to our efforts,more and more toys from the factory to sell abroad every year.A.were producedB.are produced C.produceD.will produce 答案1.B 根据时间状语every year可知,此处应用一般现在时;又因toys和produce之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故选B。2.Why are you so excited,Tim?Well,its said that a new library in our school next year
21、.A.completesB.is completed C.will completeD.will be completed 答案2.D 根据时间状语next year可知,此处应用一般将来时;结合句意以及library和complete之间的被动关系可知,此处用一般将来时的被动语态。3.Children under 12 years old to ride shared bikes.Its too dangerous.A.shouldnt allow B.should allow C.shouldnt be allowed D.should be allowed 答案3.C 结合句意和后面的t
22、oo dangerous可知,此处表示十二岁以下的孩子不应该被允许骑共享单车。故选C。4.I want to borrow the book,but I dont know how long it may .For two weeks.A.borrowB.be borrowed C.keepD.be kept 5.The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France.His new book into French as soon as it came out.A.was translatedB.translated C.is translated
23、D.translates 答案4.D how long指一段时间,动词应用延续性动词keep,而borrow为非延续性动词;前面的it是指the book,即为动作keep的承受者,所以应用被动语态。故选D。5.A 根据as soon as it came out可知,此处应用一般过去时;又因book与translate之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故选A。6.2022武汉中考 During the Tang dynasty,nearly everything produced in the world on the streets of Changan.A.is foundB.has bee
24、n found C.will be foundD.could be found 7.2022十堰二模 Wow,great changes in Shiyan in the past few years.Yes,its becoming more and more beautiful.A.take placeB.are taking place C.have taken placeD.will take place 答案6.D 根据During the Tang dynasty可知,此处应用过去时;再结合句意可知,此处表示唐朝时期几乎世界上所有的产品都可以在长安的街道上找到。故选D。could在
25、这里为can的过去式,表示可以,能够。7.C 根据题干中的in the past few years可知,此处应用现在完成时;又因take place发生没有被动语态。故选C。二、用所给词的适当形式填空 8.The type of new cars (produce)in Henan in 2030.9.The book you are looking forward to (publish)already.答案8.will be produced 根据时间状语in 2030可知用一般将来时;cars和produce之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填will be produced。9.has
26、 been published 分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语;又根据后面的already可知应用现在完成时;再结合主语book以及book和publish之间的被动关系可知此处填has been published。10.Which language the most widely (speak)in the world?11.2022南京模拟 In ancient Italy,its unbelievable that high-heeled shoes(高跟鞋)(design)for men and had a practical purpose.答案10.is;spoken 句意:
27、世界上哪种语言使用最广泛?根据语境可知此处用一般现在时;language为单数形式且和speak之间是被动关系,故填is和spoken。11.were designed 根据后面的and had可知此处也应用一般过去时;又因shoes和design之间是被动关系,故填were designed。三、根据所给要求完成句子 12.The flowers need watering.(改为同义句)The flowers .13.The bike is mended by Tom.(对画线部分提问)the bike mended by?答案12.need to be watered 13.Who is
28、 14.Does she often look after the old woman?(改为被动语态)the old woman often by her?15.Someone saw the boy enter the classroom.(改为被动语态)The boy enter the classroom.16.The lights should be turned off when you leave the room.(改为主动语态)You the lights when you leave the room.答案14.Is;looked after 15.was seen to
29、16.should turn off 第95练话题语篇拓展Passage 1 话题:人脸探测技术 建议用时:8分钟 2021三明中考二模改编Facial recognition technology(人脸识别技术)is widely used today.For example,police use it to search for bad guys.Its also used to unlock phones or doors.Now,a similar technology,known as facial detection(探测),is entering a new field:the
30、business of advertising(广告).Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores.One facial detection system can judge a persons happiness or fear level.That helps businesses see how people feel as they look at products or advertisements in the store.Another system can detect whether som
31、eone is wearing eyeglasses.If so,stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him.Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards.Cameras in those boards can detect information like peoples ages and five levels of feelings from very happy to very unhappy.Supporte
32、rs of the technology say it could improve buyers experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.Some are against the idea of using such systems.Pam Dixon,the head of a privacy(隐私)group,is one of them.She thinks .For example,a business could raise the pric
33、e of a product according to a persons age and feelings.However,one store testing the technology explained they wouldnt store peoples information like names or ages.And the advertising board system maker said it didnt keep any personal information or record any videos.1.What can facial detection tech
34、nology tell according to the passage?A.Peoples weight.B.Peoples feelings.C.Peoples height.D.Peoples jobs.2.Which of the following sentences can be put in the?A.nobody likes to have their feelings collected B.it is very important to protect peoples privacy C.the strange actions may cause something un
35、fair D.businesses may use them to have more customers 3.We can infer from the passage that facial detection technology .A.can detect buyers names and record them B.is put inside some large advertising boards C.may be used to sell cheaper goods in all stores D.may need some time before being widely u
36、sed 4.What may be the best title for the passage?A.Facial Recognition Technology Entering a New Field B.Facial Recognition Technology Looking for Bad Guys C.Facial Detection Technology Going into Advertising Field D.Facial Detection Technology Improving Buyers Experience答案【短文大意】本文主要介绍了人脸探测技术在广告行业这一新
37、领域中的应用,以及人们对这一技术的使用所持的不同态度。【篇章梳理】1.B 细节理解题。由第三段中的One facial detection system can judge a persons happiness or fear level可知,人脸探测技术可以辨别人们的情绪,故选B。2.C 细节理解题。结合关键信息For example,a business could raise the price of a product according to a persons age and feelings可知,C项切题,C项中的cause something unfair与raise the
38、 price of a product according to a persons age and feelings相呼应。3.D 推理判断题。由第三段的第一句Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores可知,人脸探测技术正在小范围内进行测试,由此可推知,该技术离广泛使用还有一段时间,故选D。干扰项分析 本题中最大的干扰项是B项,由文章第四段中的Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards可知,B
39、项本身是正确的,但B项描述的是一个既定事实,不需要进行任何推测,显然与题干要求不符。4.C 标题归纳题。文章第二段是本文的中心段,揭示了文章的主要内容:人脸探测技术进入了广告领域。故C项最适合作本文的标题。Passage 2 话题:能自我对话的机器人 建议用时:7分钟 2021扬州中考Ever wondered why your virtual(虚拟的)home helper doesnt understand your questions?Or why your navigation app took you to the side street instead of the highway
40、?In a study published on April 21st in the journal iScience,Italian researchers,Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella,designed a robot that thinks out loud.To explore how inner speech might influence a robots actions,the researchers built a robot called Pepper that speaks to itself.It has the ability
41、to reason and think.They then asked people to set the dinner table with Pepper according to etiquette(礼仪)rules.In one experiment,the user asked Pepper to lay the napkin at the wrong place,going against the rules.Pepper started asking itself a series of self-directed questions and concluded that the
42、user might be mistaken.To be sure,Pepper confirmed the users order,which led to further inner speech.Hmm,this situation troubles me.I would never break the rules,but I cant make the user unhappy,so Im doing what he wants,Pepper said to itself,laying the napkin where it was required to be.Through Pep
43、pers inner voice,the user can learn Pepper was facing a difficult situation and solved it by prioritizing the users order.Comparing Peppers actions with and without inner speech,Pipitone and Chella discovered the robot had a higher task-completion rate when having self-dialogue.However,some people f
44、ind the robot spends more time completing tasks when it talks to itself.The robots inner speech is also limited to the knowledge that researchers gave it.Peppers designers still say their work provides a framework(构架)to further explore how self-dialogue can help robots focus,plan,and learn.In some w
45、ays,we are creating a generational(一代的)robot that likes to chat.From navigation apps and the camera on your phone to medical robots in the operation rooms,machines and computers alike can take advantage of this chatty feature,says Chella.5.Why does the writer ask two questions at the very beginning
46、of the passage?A.To draw the readers attention to the topic.B.To show the writer likes electronic products.C.To tell the reader about the history of robots.D.To prove the writer often faces trouble in life.6.Why was Pepper asked to lay the napkin at the wrong place?A.To see how much time Pepper spen
47、t laying the napkin.B.To confirm how popular Pepper was among its users.C.To test how many etiquette rules Pepper remembered.D.To study how self-dialogue might influence Peppers actions.7.The underlined word prioritizing in Paragraph 3 mean .A.repeatingB.dealing with.first C.going againstD.complaini
48、ng about 8.What can we infer from the passage?A.The designers are proud of their work about Pepper.B.Pepper has already been in use in the operation rooms.C.Peppers inner speech depends on its users communication skills.D.With or without inner speech,Pepper could complete a task equally well.答案【短文大意
49、】本文介绍了意大利研究人员Arianna Pipitone和Antonio Chella设计的一款能自我对话的机器人。5.A 推理判断题。作者开篇提出问题是为了吸引读者注意,故选A。6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的To explore how inner speech might influence a robots actions及the user asked Pepper to lay the napkin at the wrong place,going against the rules可知,要求Pepper把餐巾放在错误的地方是为了研究自我对话会如何影响Pepper的行为,故选D。
50、7.B 词义猜测题。根据上文中的I would never break the rules,but I cant make the user unhappy,so Im doing what he wants可知,相比礼仪规则的要求,Pepper会优先考虑用户的要求。据此推测此处prioritizing的意思是优先处理,故选B。8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,通过对Pepper的研究,未来可能会将此类机器人应用到更广泛的领域,由此可推知研究人员为他们的作品感到自豪,故选A。第96练话题书面表达Section A 2022铜仁模拟假如你是李华,你校为响应国家的讲好中国故事,传播好中国
51、声音的号召,正在面向全体学生征集英语文章。请你根据表格内容,以介绍中国高铁为主题,写一篇英语文章。高铁的发展 总里程几万千米 高铁的优点 1.舒适、干净的乘车环境 2.安全、快捷的交通体验(时速超过300千米)3.购票新体验,可网购、电话订票、自动售票机购票 要求:1.文章内容须涵盖表格中的所有内容,可运用参考词汇适当发挥;2.行文流畅,100词左右。参考词汇:high-speed rail 高铁;total mileage 总里程;self-service ticket machine 自动售票机 Dear friends,Yours,Li Hua 文章结构指导 好词好句集锦 好词:intr
52、oduce.to.;at the top speed of;whats more 好句:find it easy to get;youd better do sth.高分范文填空 阅读范文,并用前面的好词好句的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。Dear friends,Im Li Hua,a Chinese boy.Im very proud to 1.Chinese high-speed rail you.Its the fastest train in the world.People call it one of the New Four Great Inventions of Chi
53、na.Its total mileage has reached tens of thousands of kilometers.The high-speed rail is very clean,comfortable and quiet.Though it can run 2.over 300 kilometers per hour,its still the safest means of transport on land.If you plan to travel by high-speed rail,you must 3.tickets in many ways,on teleph
54、one,on the Internet or on the self-service ticket machine.4.,it not only saves us lots of time,but also is environmentally friendly.If you come to China,5.experience the fun of taking high-speed rail.Yours,Li Hua 答案1.introduce;to 2.at the top speed of 3.find it easy to get 4.Whats more 5.youd better
55、 Section B 许多伟大的发明家用他们的发明改变了世界,从而让我们生活得更好。你也想用你的发明让我们的生活变得更美好吗?请以My invention为题,写一篇英语作文。要求:1.条理清晰,语句通顺,意义连贯,书写规范;2.100词左右,文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。My invention 答案One possible version:My invention My invention is a super schoolbag.It is different from a traditional one.It is as small as an English textbook and
56、very light.Besides,it is convenient and practical,because it has many functions.Firstly,I can put some books into my super schoolbag,and it can communicate with me.It can also sing songs,dance and search for information I need.Secondly,the super schoolbag can remind me to get up and go to bed on time.Thirdly,the super schoolbag only uses solar energy,so it wont produce any pollution.Do you like my invention?