1、2015黑龙江省鸡西市高考英语阅读理解暑假自练（3）及答案 高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-AIdentifying which jobs put the most stress on American workers is, in itself, a risky business. Everyone knows, for example, that air-traffic controllers have more than their share of white-knuckle day. But stressful jobs are not equally stressful to all p
2、eople. Some air-traffic controllers thrive on the flying circus. Their secret, says Suzane Oouellette, a psychologist at the City University of New York, is hardiness, a balance of feeling committed, challenged and in control in the workplace.Then again, some professions are inarguably tough to take
3、. Doctors, lawyers and police officers routinely top suicide lists. And some jobs are plain dangerous: miners have the highest job-fatality rate in the country. Less extreme but much more widespread are the psychological hazards that result from 10 years of corporate downsizing and having to keep up
4、 with the speed and volume of computers. Dr. Rupert. Burtan, a specialist in occupational medicine, says, Many workers have too much dumped on their desks and nor enough time in which to get it all done. That complaint is often made by secretaries, who also make most stressed-out lists.Jobs that att
5、ract idealistic types can sour（使人不愉快的） when the work seems to make little meaningful difference. Besides police officers and lawyers, inner-city teachers and journalists often fall into this category. Doctors, interns and nurses can, too, when the waves of the sick seem endless.Why the recent wave e
6、xhausts basketball coaches? Sports give them tremendous responsibilities but, ultimately, little control. Coaches can only coach; they cant actually run the plays. But if the team loses, they still get fired. Similarly, waiters and waitresses get stiffed on tips if the cook screws up.But experts say
7、 the toughest occupation may still be that of working mom. Many women who are bringing home the bacon are still expected to fry and serve it, too. There really are relatively few couples where child care and domestic work are truly shared, says Harriet Lerner, a psychologist at the Menninger Clinic.
8、 Even unemployed husbands do no more than 36percent of the housework. Now thats a study in high stress and high shame.1. The example of air-traffic controllers is given in Para. 1 to show that .A. its not easy to decide which jobs are stressfulB. nobody wants to be an air-traffic controllerC. they c
9、an easily succeed in their careerD. their job is the most dangerous one答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。文章第一段第一句话 “Identifying which jobs put the most stress on American workers is, in itself, a risky business.”是该段的主题句，因此后面的例子air-traffic controllers就是用来证明第一句话，表明“判断哪种工作压力非常大不容易”，故答案为A。2. The underlined word “it” in
10、Para. 2 refers to .A. the working timeB. the speed of computersC. the amount of workD. the size of computers答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。结合划线词语的上下文 “ Many workers have too much dumped on their desks and nor enough time in which to get it all done. That complaint is often made by secretaries, who also make mos
11、t stressed-out lists.” 可知，办公桌上堆了太多的东西，也没有足够时间去做完，这些抱怨通常来自压力最大的秘书，因此可以推断划线部分的“it”指代的是工作量，故答案为C。3. What makes working mothers have the toughest occupation?A. The housework only.B. The unhappy family life.C. The full-time job.D. Their double roles.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由最后一段倒数第二句话 “Even unemployed husbands
12、do no more than 36percent of the housework.”可知，甚至是不工作的丈夫所做的家务仅仅只有36%，因此上班的妈妈工作最艰难是因为她们比丈夫承担了双倍的责任（64%），故答案为D。4. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. people often lose interest in their jobsB. people tend to choose wrong professionsC. it is easy to find an ideal job in modern timesD. the idea
13、l jobs can turn stressful as well答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。全文围绕工作压力展开论述，因此答案为D。A、B、C都不是文章所讨论的，均不选。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-AIts no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. Thats especially true of children of children who remain in abusi
14、ve homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. Its also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes because of parents who cant or wont care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victot
15、y could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological p
16、arents have “no legal right” on her.The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. Thats an important development, though not so much in time.Shorly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another baby were mistakenly
17、 switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberlys biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasnt the Twiggs own daughter, but Kim only was, thus causing a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, t
18、he two families agreed that Mr. Mays would continue to have custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed. The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays caused people to debate her suit. But the judge made clear that Kimb
19、erly did have rights to make a decision on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adults saw it.Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is important. But biological parents arent alway preferable to adoptive ones, and biological par
20、entage does not have an complete ownership that cancels all the rights of children.1. What was first of all considered in the Florida judges ruling? A. The biological link B. The childs benefits C. The true practice D. The parentss feelings.答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第二段 “A Florida judge ruled that the teena
21、ger can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological parents have no legal right on her.” 可知，Kimberly仍然和他的养父一起，生父母没有合法监护权利。由第三段对判决的评论 “The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. Thats an important d
22、evelopment, though not so much in time.”可知， 该判决不把亲生关系作为判决的决定因素，这种改进虽然不及时，但是一种重要的进步。故答案为B，法官判决首先考虑的是孩子的利益。2. We can learn from the Kimberlys case that . A. children are more than just personal possessions of their parents B. the biological link between parent and child should be paid more attention t
23、o C. foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care D. biological parents shouldnt demand custody rights after their child is adopted答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由倒数第二段最后一句话 “Thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adults saw it.” 可知，答案为A。3. The Twiggs demande
24、d custody rights to Kimberly because they . A. found her unhappy in Mr.Mays custody B. thought they could treat her nicer C. were her biological parents D. felt very sorry about their past mistake 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。由第四段 “Medical tests showed that the child wasnt the Twiggs own daughter, but Kim onl
25、y was, thus causing a custody battle with Robert Mays.”可知，Twiggs是Kimberly的亲生父母。故答案为C。4. Kimberly had been given to Mr.Mays . A. by complete accident B. at his request C. out of her parentss mistakes D. for better care答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题，由第四段 “Shorly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and anoth
26、er baby were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents.”可知，Kimberly出生后，和另外一个婴儿被错误的调换了， 纯属偶然。故答案为A。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-BThe discovery of an ancient giant panda skull has confirmed its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.A Chinese-US
27、research team reports its results today following studies on a fossil skull found in south Chinas Cuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2001.The six fossils unearthed in Jinyin Cave are dated between 2.4 and 2 million years ago, according to the report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science
28、s, an influential US journal.Jin Changzhu, of the chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and lead author of the paper, said the smaller fossil skull indicates the giant pandas were about a third smaller than todays pandas.Researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when i
29、t peaked ,and then gradually became smaller.Jin, a paleontologist (古生物学者) at the Institute of Vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology (古人类学) attached to the CAS, said the size variation was a basic rule of evolution.“A species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , b
30、ut becomes smaller when numbers decline,” he said. The dental remains of the skull, which is the oldest giant panda skull ever found, are similar to todays pandas, indicating the type of teeth that could munch (津津有味地嚼)mountains of bamboo. A panda can eat up to 40kg of bamboo per day.Paleoanthropolog
31、ist Russell Ciochon, the US co-author at the University of lowa, said the pandas focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years.“Once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,” he said. “As individuals of the evo
32、lving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators (肉食动物) due to their larger body size.”1. According to the research of the CAS , there were most pandas in the world . A. 2 million years ago B. between 2.4 and 2 million years agoC. 500,000 years ago D. Nowadays答案解析：答案
33、为C。本题为细节题。第四段提到了CAS，接下来一段提到 “Researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked .”可知熊猫的体型最大的时候也是数量达到顶峰的时候是在500,000 年以前。故答案为C。2. The underlined word “variation” in para 6 means . A. fall B. change C. increase D. decrease答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题。结合划线部分所在的上下文，第五段和第七段提
34、到了“maximum size”、“became smaller”与“grow bigger”，可以推断“size variation”就是体型变化，故答案为B。3. From the passage, we can learn . A. pandas began to eat bamboo 2 million years ago B. a species tends to grow smaller when numbers decline C. the giant pandas were about a third the size of todays pandas D. pandas ba
35、mboo has played an important role in its development答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由第七段 “A species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , but becomes smaller when numbers decline,” 可知，B选项正确。由第一段 “.its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years .” 可知，A选项与文章细节不符；由第四段 “the giant pand
36、as were about a third smaller than todays pandas.”可知，当时的大熊猫比现在的小三分之一，言外之意就是当时的大熊猫的体型是今天大熊猫的体型的三分之二，正确表达应该是“the giant pandas were about two thirds the size of todays pandas”，故C选项错误。结合第一段 “.its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.” 和倒数第二段 “.
37、the pandas focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years.” 两句话中的“may” 和 “could”， 对竹子的作用都是一种推测，不是完全确定的结论，故D选项与文章不符。4.The passage mainly tells us that . A. pandas are endangered B. pandas had a long history C. pandas had bamboo to beat predators D. todays Pandas are similar to the oldes
38、t ones 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由文章最后一段的总结 “Once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,” he said. “As individuals of the evolving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators (肉食动物) due to their large
39、r body size.” 可知，每一种动物一旦有了普遍而稳定的食物源，体型就会增大，这种庞大的体型可以帮它们战胜肉食动物，这种规律同样适用于大熊猫。故答案为C。阅读理解 LEEDS, EnglandA Leeds University psychology professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.The hate we hold within us is a cancer, Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in ang
40、er can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.More than 70 people have become members in Harts first 20-week workshop in Londona course he says is the first of its kind in the world.These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness
41、 is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian- born Hart.The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. Pe
42、ople have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness, he said, People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.The main idea is to give you guidelines on h
43、ow to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with, said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people want to get free
44、 of the past.36. From this passage we know that_.A. high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hateB. high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professorsC. without hate, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heartD. people who suffer from blood pressure and heart
45、 disease must have many enemies【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段“.holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.”说明心怀愤怒可能导致如高血压和心脏病之类的问题。所以没有仇恨，人们将有更少和血液心脏有关的麻烦。故选C。37. If you are angry with somebody, you should_.A. attend Harts course B. never meet him or her any longerC. p
46、ersuade him or her to have a positive talk with youD.treat him or her positively instead of negatively【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第6段可知，如果你生某人的气，你应该以一种积极的态度去对待他（她），而不是消极的。38. In Harts first 20- week workshop, people there can _.A. meet their enemiesB. change their attitudesC.enjoy the professors teachingD. l
47、earn how to quarrel with others【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。通观全文，我们可以看出人们在Hart的工作室能够学会原谅，改变他们对仇恨的态度。故选B。39. If you are a member in Harts workshop, youll_.A. meet in eight or ten groups B. get rid of the illness of cancerC.attend a gathering twice a month D. pour out everything stored in your mind【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第五
48、段“The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.”说明成员们每两周聚集一次，也就是一个月两次。40. The author wrote this passage in order to_.A. persuade Britons to go to Harts workshop B. tell us the news about Harts workshopC. tell us how to run a workshop like Harts D.help us to look at various kinds of angers【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。第三段“More than 70 people have become members in Harts first 20-week workshop”和第七段“Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.”都说明作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们关于Hart的工作室的消息。