1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 1FriendshipLearning about Language直接引语和间接引语()【语法感知】观察上面对话, 完成下列句子: 1. “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, ” said Anne. 安妮说: “我不想在日记中记流水账。”Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary. 2. “
2、What do you call your diary? ” Annes sister asked her. 安妮的姐姐问她: “你怎么称呼你的日记? ”Annes sister asked her what she called her diary. 【语法精讲】直接引语将别人的话一字不改地放在引号内。引语前常使用逗号, 而不是冒号; 引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写间接引语用自己的话对别人的话进行转述, 不用加引号。间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化*“I feel that happiness is achieved through hard work, ” P
3、resident Xi said. (引号内为直接引语)President Xi said that he felt that happiness was achieved through hard work. (第一个that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则一、人称变化的三原则1. “第一人称随主”原则: 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰, 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。2. “第二人称随宾”原则: 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰, 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语, 也可以用第一人称。3. “第
4、三人称不更新”原则: 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰, 从句中的人称一般不需要变化。【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语(1)She said, “My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. (2)I said to him, “You have made the mistake again. ” I told him that he had made the mistake again. (3)Mr Smith said, “Ja
5、ck is a good worker. ” Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. 二、时态的变化(以主句为过去时为例)1. 一般情况直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时*Mother said, “Jack is a good boy. ” Mother said that Jack was a good boy. *“I havent heard from my parents these days
6、, ” said Mary. Mary said that she hadnt heard from her parents those days. *They said, “We caught the thief in the street. ”They said that they had caught the thief in the street. 2. 直接引语变间接引语, 时态无变化的情况(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言; *The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”The teacher said that the earth is ro
7、und. *My teacher said to us yesterday, “Early birds catch worms. ”昨天我的老师对我们说: “早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天我的老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。*Tom said, “I was born on April 21, 1980. ”Tom said he was born on April 21, 1980. 【即
8、学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语(1)She said, “I am reading a book. ” She said she was reading a book. (2)She said, “I will go to see my friend. ”She said she would go to see her friend. (3)She said, “I had called him before I came here. ”She said that she had called him before she went there. (4)He said, “I get up a
9、t six every morning. ” He said he gets up at six every morning. 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化类型直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week(month. . . )that week(month. . . )yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month. . . )the week(month. . . )beforetwo weeks(months. .
10、. )agotwo weeks(months. . . )beforetomorrowthe next daynext week(month. . . )the next week(month. . . )地点状语herethere方向性动词comegobringtake*The girl said, “I will come this morning. ”The girl said that she would go that morning. *David said, “I havent seen her today. ”David said that he hadnt seen her
11、that day. *Bob said, “My sister was here three days ago. ”Bob said that his sister had been there three days before/earlier. 【名师点津】不变化的特例上面的变化要根据说话的实际情况来定, 不能机械照搬。假如就在当地转述, here就不必改为there。如果就在当天转述, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语(1)She said, “It is nine oclock now. ”She said that it
12、was nine oclock then. (2)She said, “I went there yesterday. ”She said that she had gone there the day before. (3)She said, “I will go there tomorrow. ”She said that she would go there the next/following day. (4)The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow. ”The captain said that they w
13、ould arrive in two days time. 四、句子结构的变化1. 直接引语是陈述句, 变为间接引语时, 常变成由that引导的宾语从句。 在口语中, that可以省略。主句谓语“said to sb. ”常改为“told sb. ”。*He said, “I was cooking when the earthquake happened. ”He said(that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. *She said to me, “I came back an hour ago. ”She told me (th
14、at) she had come back an hour before. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句, 间接引语中用whether(. . . or. . . 或. . . or not)或if引导。如果主句中谓语动词是said, 则将其改为asked。*“Do you think a diary can become your friend? ” the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend. 3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时, 间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来
15、引导。*“When did you go to bed last night? ” Father said to Anne. Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before. 【名师点津】直接引语为疑问句, 变为间接引语时, 要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。【巧学助记】巧记“直”变“间”陈述句变间接引语: 去掉引号加that。一般疑问句变间接引语: 去掉引号加if/whether, 陈述语序要记住。特殊疑问句变间接引语: 直接去引号, 陈述莫忘掉, 小心助动词, 丢它最重要。以上变化请牢记, 时态人称和状语, 小心变化别马虎。【即学活用
16、】同义句转换(1)The boy said, “I was talking when the teacher came in. ”The boy said (that) he was talking when the teacher came in. (2)“Which room do you live in? ” he asked. He asked me which room I lived in. (3)“Has he ever worked in Shanghai? ” Jim asked. Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shan
17、ghai. . 将下列直接引语变为间接引语1. The local reporter said, “The foreigners have arrived at the scene of the accident. ”The local reporter said that the foreigners had arrived at the scene of the accident. 2. Mary asked John, “Can you come and help me water my flowers? ”Mary asked John whether/if he could go a
18、nd help her water her flowers. 3. The teacher asked Peter, “Why didnt you attend the first class this morning? ”The teacher asked Peter why he hadnt attended the first class that morning. 4. They told their son, “The earth circles round the sun all the time. ”They told their son that the earth circl
19、es round the sun all the time. 5. The young man said to me, “I was born in 1990. ”The young man told me that he was born in 1990. 6. Tom said, “I am going to play basketball tomorrow. ” Tom said that he was going to play basketball the next day. 7. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework by
20、 9 oclock last night? ” Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework by 9 oclock the night before. 8. He says, “I bought you a book yesterday. ”He says that he bought me a book yesterday. . 完成句子1. I asked him whether/if he would stay at home that night. 我问他那个晚上是否将待在家里。2. Mr Smith said that
21、China is the biggest developing country in the world. 史密斯先生说中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。3. Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 杰克在街上碰到约翰的时候问他正要往哪里去。4. Kate asked whether my sister liked the blue dress. 凯特问我的妹妹是否喜欢这条蓝色的裙子。5. “Where does he live now? ” Mother asked me. “他现在住在哪里? ”妈妈问我
22、。6. He told his mother that if he had enough time, he would go swimming. 他告诉他的母亲如果有足够的时间, 他会去游泳。7. He asked us whether Tom had left that day or the day before. 他问我们汤姆是那天还是前一天离开的。8. He said to me, “I left the book in your room. ”他对我说: “我把书留在你的房间里了。”9. Father asked Peter, “When did you go to bed last
23、night? ”父亲问彼得: “你昨晚什么时候睡觉的? ”10. The little girl replied/answered loudly, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ”小女孩大声回答道: “太阳从东边升起, 西边落下。”【语法主题应用】用间接引语讲述李平和他的爸爸就学习问题的交流。1. 李平告诉我两天前他和他的爸爸交谈了一下。2. 他的爸爸问他想做什么, 是否想成为一名律师。3. 李平告诉爸爸下周有个考试。他不知道他已经失败过多少次了, 还有他能否赶上其他同学。4. 他的爸爸告诉他失败是成功之母。5. 最后, 李平
24、希望他的爸爸从那时起不要给他太多压力。Li Ping told me that he had had a talk with his father two days before. His father asked him what he wanted to be and whether hed like to be a lawyer. Li Ping told his father that there would be an exam the next week. He didnt know how many times he had failed and whether he could catch up with others. His father told him that failure is the mother of success. At last, Li Ping hoped that his father would not give him too much pressure from then on. 关闭Word文档返回原板块