1、SocietyBook 8 Unit 24基础知识排查重点短语突破句法与语法突破五年高考 最新模拟重点单词突破1基础知识排查1.govern vt.统治，管理2.accumulate v.积累3.vacant adj.未住人的，空置的e into being形成，存在5.wind sb.up故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)6.resign vt.&vi.辞职重点识记词汇7.delete vt.删除8.virtue n.优点，长处9.show off炫耀，夸耀10.elect vt.选举，推选11.knock into sb.撞上某人12.cast vt.&n.投下13.turning point转
2、折点14.undertake vt.着手做，从事15.break into闯入16.fine n.罚款17.on principle根据原则18.abolish vt.废除19.consequently adv.所以，因此20.homelessness n.无家可归homeless adj.无家可归的21.voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer n.志愿者22.abundant adj.大量的abundance n.大量；丰盛23.signature n.签名sign v.签(名)24.adjustment n.调整，调节adjust vt.调整，调节25.diverse adj
3、.各种各样的diversity n.多样性；差异26.bare adj.赤祼的barely adv.仅仅；几乎不27.spiritual adj.宗教的，教会的；精神的spirit n.精神28.sentence n.&vt.判决sentence sb.to death判某人死刑29.burden n.重担，负担；vt.(使)担负be burdened with加负担于；使负重担1.As a society，its high time that we took these issues more seriously.作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。2.Id rat
4、her you didnt mention that.我宁愿你不提起那件事。必背经典句式3.What if some married people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？4.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。ation/ion/tion decoration/dekre
5、In/n.U&C装饰；装潢；装饰品description/dIskrIpn/n.C&U描写；形容；叙述destination/destIneIn/n.C目标；目的地；终点devotion/dIvn/n.U献身；忠诚；热心构词记忆2重点单词突破1voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上do voluntary work参加志愿工作volunteer for自愿参加volunteer to do自愿做volunteer as志愿当Morality is moral only when it is voluntary.只有出于自愿时，道
6、德才是道德的。夯实基础(1)语法填空She works there a voluntary basis.Why do you want to volunteer our organization?The young man volunteered stop the drunken men from fighting.(2)定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。(翻译句子)_onfortoThe scheme，due to begin next month，will be voluntary.2 abundant adj.大量的；丰盛的；充裕的(plentiful)多词一义abundant，en
7、ough，sufficient，adequatebe abundant in富于，很丰富have an abundant supply of有充足的供应abundance n.丰富，大量，多in abundance大量，富裕There is an abundant supply of cheap labour.廉价劳动力供应充足。Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。夯实基础(1)Indonesia(在方面富有)petroleum deposits.(2)Wild flowers grow(大量地)on the hill
8、sides.is abundant inin abundance3 burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担，负担(duty；responsibility)；v.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.)应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人或自己be burdened with sth.负重His invalid father is becoming a bu
9、rden to him.他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。I dont want to burden you with my problems.我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。夯实基础(1)Too much homework _(对学生来讲是一个负担).(2)She was burdened with five children and she had to work day and night._(用burden.with改写句子)_(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)is a burden to studentsShe burdened herself with five children
10、and she had to work day and night.Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.4vacant adj.空着的(empty)；无人用的；(职位)空缺的；茫然的；失神的a vacant seat空座a vacant expression茫然的神情In every major city there are more vacant buildings than there are homeless people.各大城市里空置的楼房比无家可归的人都多。The post of chairman ha
11、s been vacant for some time.主席之位已经空缺一段时间了。夯实基础单句改错Are there any rooms empty in this hotel？_emptyvacant5 elect v.选举；推选；选择；决定做某事elect sb.as.选举某人担任elect sb.to.选举某人到(职位)win/lose an election在选举中获胜/失败run for election参加竞选She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。He was
12、elected as MP for Oxford East.他被选为牛津东区的议员。夯实基础语法填空(1)Those _(elect)to smoke will be seated at the rear.(2)In America，presidential _(elect)are held every four years.(3)Besides，in November they may elect him _president.(4)If we all get behind Mr.Smith we can easily elect him _ that office.electingelec
13、tionsasto6 undertake v.着手做；从事；承担；许诺，答应undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do.着手做，答应做undertake for.为负责Ill leave you to undertake an important mission.我要让你承担一项重要使命。She undertook responsibility for the changes.她承担了这些变革的责任。夯实基础He undertook that he would finish the job by Friday._(改为简单句)He undertook to finis
14、h the job by Friday.7sentence v.&n.判决，宣判serve a sentence服刑a life sentence终身监禁pass sentence on sb.对某人判刑sentence sb.to sth.给某人判刑；宣判某人罪刑The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.这个犯人已服刑期满，明天将释放。The judge sentenced the murderer to death.法官判处那个杀人犯死刑。夯实基础语法填空(1)The judge will pass
15、 sentence him.(2)A military court sentenced him death in his absence.onto3重点短语突破1 come into being(existence)形成；开始存在；产生come into force(法律)实施，生效come into effect生效come into power当权come into office就职come into use/service开始使用come into the habit of养成的习惯This decision，which aims to make all indoor public pl
16、aces smokefree，will come into effect next year.这个决定旨在使所有的室内公共区域都变成无烟区，从明年开始生效。(广东基础写作)How words came into being is unknown.单词是怎样形成的并不为人所知。夯实基础(1)The new law _(将生效)next month.(2)The big hotel _(已经投入使用).(3)Ive _(养成的习惯)reading novels in my spare time.will come into force/effecthas come into use/service
17、come into the habit of2 show off炫耀show.out领出去show sb.around/round领某人参观show.in带或领进来(lead/guide.in)show up出席；到场on show在展出Peter is keen to show off his new car.彼得喜欢炫耀他的新车。夯实基础(1)用show off，show up的适当形式填空He promised to come but did not in the end.Mary was her engagement ring.(2)请你把参观者领进来，好吗？(翻译句子)_show u
18、pshowing offShow the visitors in，will you?3 keep an eye/ones eyes on留神注意；留意；照看(take care of)fix ones eyes on/upon注视，凝视(stare at)have a good eye for sth.对有鉴赏眼光look sb.in the eye直视(正视)某人have/get ones eye on sb./sth.看中某人/物catch ones eye引起某人的注意；吸引某人的目光Please keep an eye on the baby for me.请替我照看一下婴儿。夯实基础
19、语法填空(1)Could you do me a favor and keep an eye my luggage?(2)Gail has a good eye fashion.(3)Can you look me the eye and tell me youre not lying?(4)Ive got my eye a nice little sports car that Im saving up for.onforinon4句法与语法突破句型公式 What if.？1 What if some married people have affairs？如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？
20、What if.？“如果将会怎样；即使又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if.？。what if中what可看作是what should sb.do或what does it matter或what would happen的省略。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should动词原形)。What for？为何目的，为何理由？So what？那又怎么样？What/How about.？怎么样？Guess what？你知道吗？Whats up？Whats the matter？怎么了？What if
21、 she finds out that you have lost her book?如果她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？What if we fail/failed/should fail?万一我们失败了，怎么办？夯实基础如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？(翻译句子)_What if I fail the math exam next week?2 The global population at present is about 6 billion with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above.现在全球人口大约60亿，每10人就有1人的年龄在60岁或以
22、上。句型公式 with复合结构with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above为“with复合宾语”作定语。“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：(1)with宾语doing(2)with宾语done(3)with宾语adj.(4)with宾语adv.(5)with宾语to do(6)with宾语介词短语He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。She sat still in the chair，with her eyes closed.她一动不动地坐在椅子里，
23、双眼紧闭。夯实基础语法填空(1)With winter(come)on，its time to buy warm clothes.(2)With all the things she needed(buy)，she went home happily.(3)With nothing(do)，Tom sleeps at ingbought to do 3 单元语法语法填空(1)Its high time that we(get)down to work.(2)I would rather you (come)tomorrow.(3)We demanded that we(need)more ti
24、me to relax.got/should getcame(should)need(4)You ought to (do)your work yesterday，but you went out to call on your friends.(5)If I were you，I (go)abroad next year.have donewould go5五年高考 最新模拟.短文改错(2012陕西)My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month.It is
25、in the downtown area，but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.高考题组 We lived in a comfortably doubleroom with a big bath.What I liked best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room.I checked my email messages every day.I also shared for my friends many photos
26、taking in Beijing.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.答案.写作常用句翻译1.我们必须严格自愿地遵守交通规则。(voluntary)(2013江苏书面表达)_2.美丽的月亮挂在夜空中，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，分享着彼此的故事。(with复合结构)(2013辽宁书面表达
27、)_We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules.With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.3.学生的负担多年来一直是热门话题，但是父母的担子很少引起关注尤其是子女的。(burden)(2011江苏书面表达)_The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents ha
28、s received little attention，especially from their own children.模拟题组.语法填空1.We would rather our daughter _(stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.2.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _(follow)them.3.When _(ask)for his views
29、 about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.stayedfollowingasked4.Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _(do)something instead of just talking.5.Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.6.She got off the bus，_(burden)with two heavy suitcases.7.Th
30、e plane is due to take off at 7：50 from the airport._ if we fail to arrive there in time?Try to take another flight then.didagainstburdened What 8.What is the trouble with you?I dont know.The manager went out of the office，with his eyes _(fix)on me.9.You have no idea how she finished the relay race
31、_her foot wounded so much.10.How about your journey to Mount Emei?Everything was wonderful except _ our car broke down twice on the way.fixedwiththat.单句改错1.Burdened such a big family，he had to work hard all day long._2.Be honest，which is virtue._3.With her elected the committee，we are more confident
32、._Burdened后加上withis后加上aelected后加上to5.I dont know when the Roman Empire came to being._6.Dont take any notice of him.He is just showing around._7.Nobody gets away insulting me like that._tointoaroundoffaway后加上with8.I would rather that you didnt smoke._9.Apart good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes._10.You must resign yourselves to wait a bit longer._去掉thatApart后加上fromwaitwaiting.写作句式升级训练To my great surprise，he made such great progress._(用what引导的主语从句改写句子)What surprised me most was that he made such great progress.