1、阅读理解专练(三)(限时30分钟)APinocchio may be just a childrens fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated the so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses dont grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit. Dr. Emilio Gmez Miln and his team developed a l
2、ie detector test that used thermography to tell if people were lying, and found that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature of the tips of their noses dropped up to 1. 2, while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1. 5. Scientists also found that
3、drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to slightly shrink, although the difference is undetected by the human eye. “One has to think in order to lie, which rises the temperature of the forehead, ” Dr. Gomez Milan explained the findings. “At the same time we feel anxious, which lowers t
4、he temperature of the nose. ”For this study, researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while being scanned by thermal imaging technology. One of these tasks involved calling a 3 to 4 minutes call to their parents, partner or a friend and telling a significant lie. Participan
5、ts had to devise the lie by themselves during the call, and the thermal cameras picked up this “reverse Pinocchio effect” caused by the fluctuation ( 起 伏 ) in temperature in the nose and forehead. Interestingly, the thermal lie detector picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent of test subj
6、ects, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector. “With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy and reduce the occurrence of false positives, something that is frequently with other methods such as the polygraph (测谎仪) , ” said Dr. Emilio Gmez Miln, who added tha
7、t law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results. The thermal lie detector has been the most reliable in the world, 10% more than the popular polygraph. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新研究发现撒谎虽然不会像匹诺曹故事中那样让鼻子变长, 但是会出现一些细微的面部表情变化
8、, 而这项发现可以应用到司法执法的过程中。1. Why does the author mention “Pinocchio” at the beginning? A. To tell a fairy story. B. To warn us not to lie. C. To introduce a research. D. To inspire us to doubt old beliefs. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。匹诺曹故事的作用, 而非故事寓意, 故从结构作用上分析可知用匹诺曹是为了引出主题研究。故选C。2. According to the research, what migh
9、t happen if you tell a lie? A. Your nose gets longer. B. Your nose becomes smaller. C. Your temperature gets higher. D. Your temperature remains stable. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知, 人撒谎过后鼻尖降温、额头升温, 而这种温度的变化会导致皱鼻子(slightly shrink)的动作, 也就是鼻子会稍微缩小, 故选B。3. What can we learn about the research? A. Researchers
10、 conduct the study by interviewing. B. Researchers design difference lies for participants. C. The thermal lie detector will prove a popular one. D. The thermal lie detector may assist law enforcement. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知, 这项技术有望投入到司法执法过程中, 综合全文内容, 可知这项研究中的最大成果是测谎仪的应用。BThe famous Spanish painte
11、r Pablo Picasso once said, “Every child is an artist. The problem he has is how to remain an artist once he grows up. ”This is both encouraging and discouraging. The fact that we were all born to be artists is certainly exciting, and yet the reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many
12、of us have failed. Fortunately, some people have seen the problem and want to solve it. Western educators have suggested that we introduce the concept of “STEAM” instead of “STEM” traditional “core majors” including science, technology, engineering, and mathsince the “A”, which stands for “arts”, is
13、 just as important. And on April 11, Chinas Ministry of Education issued a guideline. Colleges and universities are required to provide more art-related courses and students need to earn a certain number of art credits in order to graduate. These efforts which came after many scientific studies had
14、found that art education helps students develop self-confidence and teamwork skills, as well as habits of mind such as problem solving and critical thinking, according to The Washington Post. Its true that none of these skills target specific jobs. But as former US ballet dancer Damian Woetzel told
15、The Atlantic, the purpose of art is “to give kids the tools to become adults who are creative, adaptable, and expressive-capable of having their eyes and ears and senses alive”. And we can now see how we lost track of our born “artist self” on our way to growing up: We failed to keep our capabilitie
16、s to see, hear and feel, and became blind, deaf and insensitive adults. Hopefully, art education can help turn things around. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。西方教育工作者提出“STEAM”的概念, 说明 “艺术”和其他的核心专业同样重要。中国教育部也发布了准则, 要求高校提供更多与艺术相关的课程, 学生需要获得一定数量的艺术学分才能毕业。艺术教育可以培养他们的自信、团队合作精神及思维习惯等。4. What is the function of the first par
17、agraph? A. To introduce a famous artist. B. To summarize the whole passage. C. To lead in the topic. D. To encourage us to be artists. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。文章第一段借用西班牙著名画家Pablo Picasso说过的话Every child is an artist. The problem he has is how to remain an artist once he grows up. ”是为了引出下文的关于孩子应该接受艺术教育的话题。故选C项。5
18、. What can we predict from the guideline issued by Chinas Ministry of education? A. More art-related courses will appear in all schools. B. College students will have to gain enough art credits to graduate. C. More students will major in art at colleges and universities. D. Art will become much more
19、 important than science. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中“Colleges and universities are required to provide more art-related courses and students need to earn a certain number of art credits in order to graduate. ”可知, 根据中国教育部发布的准则, 高校学生需要获得一定量的艺术学分才能毕业。故选B项。6. What is the best title of the passage? A. Every chil
20、d is an artistB. Bringing art to lifeC. Learning from the artistsD. Life is art【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主题是应该发展艺术教育, 让艺术重回我们的生活。所以短文的最佳标题是“让艺术重回我们的生活”。故选B项。CIt is with mixed emotions that I went to the young criminal center every few months to give vaccinations (接种疫苗). On the one hand, I feel lucky to be able
21、 to provide a service that may have a positive health effect on the residents. But, on the other hand, I feel a sense of sadness and disappointment as I see the prisoners being escorted (押送) by guards to the nursing unit. My last visit was very memorable. For some reason, there was a lightness in th
22、e air. More than ever before, I felt a lightness as I spoke with each person. We shared stories and smiles and fears. Even the toughest prisoners seemed to be surrounded by light. As a mother, I saw them as not only youth, being punished for crimes, but also as children who have the potential to cha
23、nge for the better. Most of them wanted to talk longer! They were reaching out to us! It felt right. There was one more prisoner. He was limited to a different unit in a lonely cell. We were asked if we were okay going down there. We said that we were. Two guards escorted us down and when we entered
24、 the area, instant tears welled up in my eyes. The area was sad. These guards didnt smile. We entered the cell and had to make do with what was there. We were done but I didnt want to leave. I gave the 17-year-old a gentle touch and smile as I explained what to do regarding the side effects. At firs
25、t, there was no response, so I just looked down at his bare feet and then to my supplies. I thought that I had better pack up. Suddenly, he looked up at me and smiled before he said “Thanks” and then he gave me a thumbs-up. I smiled back and said, “Youre welcome. Take care of yourself. ”It was wonde
26、rful to receive a kind response from someone who was in such a harsh place. As we walked back to the main entrance, we didnt speak. Where there can be a smile, there is hope. Sometimes smiles can be very powerful. 【文章大意】本篇是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者到青年犯罪中心为这些年轻的罪犯打疫苗的经历。7. What can we know about the young in the
27、young criminal center? A. They received regular medical service. B. They were treated unfairly. C. They stayed in bad conditions. D. They were forced to take treatment. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It is with mixed emotions that I went to the young criminal center every few months to give vaccinations. ”可知,
28、 作者每隔几个月就会去给这些年轻的罪犯接种疫苗, 这说明这些年轻人接受了定期的医疗服务。8. What was special about the center the last time the author went there? A. She was asked to share stories. B. Every prisoner was kind to her. C. The young people talked freely. D. She sensed a relaxing atmosphere. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For some reason, th
29、ere was a lightness in the air. ”可知, 作者最后一次去犯罪中心, 她感受到了一种轻松的氛围。9. What did the young man think of the author? A. He disliked her for her sympathy. B. He really appreciated her kindness. C. He thought she would change his life. D. He thought she was just an ordinary doctor. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“. . .
30、 smiled before he said “Thanks” and then he gave me a thumbs-up. ”可知, 他微笑着向作者道谢并对作者竖起了大拇指, 由此可知, 这位年轻人对作者的善意很感激。10. What impressed the author most in this story? A. The young mans smile. B. The medical care for prisoners. C. The punishment to the prisoners. D. The difference between the young man and others. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Sometimes smiles can be very powerful. ”可知, 作者对这位年轻人的微笑印象最为深刻。【规律方法】涉及观点态度的推理判断题难度较大, 文章一般不会直接表明人物的态度, 需要我们根据人物的语言、表情或动作来揣摩其态度, 例如本篇第9题, 根据第四段中的“. . . smiled before he said “Thanks” and then he gave me a thumbs-up. ”可知, 他微笑着感谢作者并向作者竖起了大拇指, 由此可知, 这位年轻人对作者的善意很感激。