1、阅读七选五专练(二)(限时25分钟)ALearning to Give a Pep Talk (打气)Everyone wants to be the type of person who gives the critical talk that turns around a friends outlook. However, giving a good pep talk isnt easy. 1. You need to not only listen and understand, but also stress the other persons strengths. You also
2、need to know when to stop talking. “A lot of people think they are giving a pep talk, but they are just saying what they would want to hear, ” says Stacy Kaiser, a psychotherapist (心理治疗师)in Los Angeles. Instead of instantly telling someone what to do, ask him what actions he has thought about taking
3、 and why he thinks they will be beneficial. “Dont jump right in and insist Youll be fine, ”says Kaiser. 2. Repeat the persons concerns out loud, so he feels heard. Then, show your friend that you believe in him and that he has what it takes to get through this hard time. Stress his strengths. 3. You
4、 cant guarantee success, but you can remind the person that he has been through a tough time before and has gotten through it. At last, Kaiser says you must know when to stop. “4. Dont argue if the person disagrees with what you are saying. Instead, tell him I am sorry you are having such a hard tim
5、e, and then back down. ”Kaiser says he has learned to give good pep talks by giving bad ones. He lost a number of loved ones during a short period. “Timing is everything. ” There is a time to give a pep talk, and there is a time to just listen. 5. A. Let your friend have his momentB. Give your pep t
6、alks and then shut upC. Arguing with your friend makes no senseD. Show your friend that you understand why he is sadE. He isnt interested in what his best friends really needF. It requires an understanding of what your audience needsG. It is also important to remember that pep talks are about hope【文
7、章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明如何给他人鼓舞士气。1. 【解析】选F。 根据下文“You need to not only listen and understand, but also stress the other persons strengths. You also need to know when to stop talking. ”可知空格处是说给人鼓舞士气, 要了解你的听众需要什么。分析选项可知F项(它需要了解你的听众需要什么)符合语境。2. 【解析】选D。 根据空格前“Dont jump right in and insist Youll be fine, ”以及空
8、格后的“Repeat the persons concerns out loud, so he feels heard. ”可推断出D项“让你的朋友知道你理解他为什么难过”符合语境。3. 【解析】选G。 根据空格后的“You cant guarantee success, but you can remind the person that he has been through a tough time before and has gotten through it. ”并分析选项可知G(记住鼓舞士气的话是关于希望的, 这一点很重要)符合语境。4. 【解析】选B。 根据空格的上句“At l
9、ast, Kaiser says you must know when to stop. ”以及下文“Dont argue if the person disagrees with what you are saying. Instead, tell him I am sorry you are having such a hard time, and then back down. ”可知B项(给人打气, 适时闭嘴)与本段意义一致, 且B项中的“shut up”与空格前的“know when to stop”为同义词组, 是词义复现。5. 【解析】选A。 根据空格前的“There is a
10、time to give a pep talk, and there is a time to just listen. ”可知A项(让你的朋友享受他的时刻)符合语境。BHumour is a phenomenon influenced by culture. It can be difficult to determine what aspects form a certain sense of humour. How funny somebody finds a certain incident depends on many aspects including age, personal
11、 experience, level of education and geographical location. A nations sense of humour is linked to the historical development of the country. 1But what about when both countries speak the same mother tongue? Will they then share the same sense of humour or can differences still occur? Lets take the e
12、xample of Britain and America. 2 To what degree is this true, if at all? Recent research proves that there are two major differences between British and American sense of humour. 3However, its not shared by Americans. For example, if a British man lost his new and favourite mobile phone in the toile
13、t, he just say “Well done! Thats just what I need. ”4And that kind of jokes is called negative (消极的) humour by researchers. British men and women use it on a daily basis, while it is not the case of American humour. What Americans dont understand is the need to use it so frequently. When Americans u
14、se negative humour, they tend to state that they were “only kidding”. Although the British really do have a unique sense of humour, quite different to American humour, they can both appreciate the others sense of humour. Therefore, some shows describe a lifestyle which both Americans and the British
15、 alike can relate to. 5A. British jokes tend to have a hidden meaning. B. Thus humour cant always be conveyed in another country. C. Americans and the British often share the same sense of humour. D. Humour contrary to what you want to say is regarded as typically British. E. The other difference is
16、 how frequent to joke about the dark side of life. F. People say Americans and the British hardly understand each others jokes. G. Comedies The Office (UK) and The Office (USA) gain popularity on both countries. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英美幽默的差异。1. 【解析】选B。此空位于本段末尾, 结合空前一句“A nations sense of humour is li
17、nked to the historical development of the country. ”和本段第一句“Humour is a phenomenon influenced by culture. ”可推知, 此处为总结性推论。故选B项。2. 【解析】选F。根据下文“Recent research proves that there are two major differences between British and American sense of humour. ”可知F项“人们说美国人和英国人几乎不能明白对方的笑话”符合语境。3. 【解析】选D。根据空后的“Howev
18、er, its not shared by Americans. ”可推知, 此空应是与英式幽默有关; 再根据下文所举的一个英国男士丢手机后的反应的例子可知, D项符合语境。4. 【解析】选E。承接上文“Recent research proves that there are two major differences between British and American sense of humour. ”可知, 此处表示另外一个英美之间幽默的差异, 且结合下文“And that kind of jokes is called negative humour by researcher
19、s. ”可推知, 此空应选E项。5. 【解析】选G。承接上文“Therefore, some shows describe a lifestyle which both Americans and the British alike can relate to. ”可推知, 空处应是举了一个例子, 对上文的观点进行进一步的说明。故选G项。C Five simple things that are actually complexThe proof for “1+1=2”is over 300 pages long. 1 In the early 20th century, Bertrand R
20、ussell wanted to prove that mathematics worked, so he decided to start with the simplest concept and prove 1+1=2. However, it took the mathematician and philosopher 372 pages of complex sums. Defining the word “the” is really difficult. The word “the” is one of the most common words in English. 2 Fo
21、r example, why do we say, “I have the flu, ” but not “I have the headache? ”In the Oxford English Dictionary, there are almost two dozen different ways the word can be used in a sentence correctly. Yawning. Some people say we yawn to keep us alert (警觉的) by taking in oxygen. However, various experime
22、nts have shown that yawning actually cools down the brain. 3 As for why yawning is contagious (感染性的), no one knows that either. Left and right have been confusing philosophers for years. Would you explain the concept of left and right in terms of your relative position to a well-known landmark (地标性建
23、筑)? 4 Its a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years because, without a point of reference, its difficult to define what left and right actually are. 5Youd think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way, but its only half the story. Theres a famous experimen
24、t where wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an outstanding one just by switching the labels. Their enjoyment of the product wasnt based on appreciation of wineit was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine. A. What you feel may not be the truth. B. We enj
25、oy things for reasons other than enjoyment. C. But what if you were talking to one who couldnt see? D. We all know that one plus one equals two, but do you know why? E. In fact, there is no universally agreed theory for why we actually yawn. F. Maybe youd refer to the move of the Earth or something
26、comparably huge. G. Most of us have probably never stopped to think about how strange a word it actually is. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了五个看似简单, 但实际上很复杂的事。1. 【解析】选D。根据段落主旨句The proof for“1+1=2”is over 300 pages long可知, 这一段主要讲述的是1+1=2的问题。D项符合段落主旨, 且以问句的形式引出下文关于1+1=2这个问题的具体内容。 2. 【解析】选G。该段落主要讲述的是英文单词the的定义和用
27、法。G项谈论我们中的大多数人可能从来没有停止思考这个词到底有多奇怪。选项中的a word指代的是段落主旨句中的“the”, 故选项符合段落主旨, 且能够引起下文, 下文通过例子讲述了这个词的用法到底有多奇怪。故选G。3. 【解析】选E。本段主要讲述的打哈欠的问题。E项中的yawn与段落主旨句Yawning呼应, 符合段落主旨, 讨论的是打哈欠的问题。故选E。4. 【解析】选C。根据下文Its a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years 可知, 空格处应该是一个问题。C项与本段主旨一致, 讨论的是看不见的人如何区分左边和右边。
28、 5. 【解析】选B。根据 Youd think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way, but its only half the story可知, 本段主要讲的是我们到底为什么喜欢某件事物。B项符合文意。【规律方法】七选五的解题技巧1. 先读文章的开始部分, 明确文章的基本话题, 然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。(一名(名词)袋(代词)鼠(数词)很特殊(特殊疑问词), 连(连词)蹦(动词)带跳很彪(标点/标题)悍。)2. 要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种:
29、 词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3. 一旦确定一个选项, 就要在该选项上做出标记(例如可以删掉), 以避免干扰和分散注意力。4. 将选项代入到文章中重读, 依据行文逻辑, 再次确定选项。DIm always surprised when I hear the statistics about how little time kids spend outside. One study found children are spending less than half the amount of time outdoors than they did j
30、ust 20 years ago. 1 All that outside time isnt just about health and exercise, though thats certainly true. Several studies also have linked outside time to higher test scores, lower anxiety and aggression, more creativity and improved attention spans. 2 Researchers look at three primary schools in
31、South Wales that adopted an outdoor learning program, with teachers working outside with students at least one hour a week and come to this conclusion. 3 Eliza Minnuccis kindergarten class there engages in Forest Mondays, during which the students spend the whole day in the woods, rain or shine. Its
32、 a more curriculum-based version of the Land, an outdoor playground in England, which allows kids to experiment, build dams, and even build fires in the woods. So what have the results been? Mostly positive. “Kids are so resourceful out here, ” Minnucci said. “4 We teach them discrete (互不相关的) skills
33、 and facts and they put them together later. Thats a good way to learn, but its not the way the world works, ” she said. “5 In the place, they need to think about how to build a dam with others and at the same time, think about staying dry and staying warm. ”Considering all the good evidence that be
34、ing outside is great for mind and body as well as test scores it seems like this kind of education is a natural next step for teachers. A. My own childhood was filled with outdoor time. B. As an added bonus, it is also beneficial to teachers. C. The idea is to let kids learn lessons from the natural
35、 world. D. In the classroom, we separate everything into small pieces. E. A public school in Quechee is taking these results seriously. F. I like giving them the opportunity to be in a really complex place. G. Playing outdoors involves plenty of learning, just not from a book. 【文章大意】本文是议论文。文章讨论了户外教育
36、对孩子们的重要性。1. 【解析】选A。A项中的childhood与上文的just 20 years ago形成词汇同现, 设空处后一句中的outside time与A项中的outdoor time形成词汇复现。2. 【解析】选B。B项中的it指的是上文中的outside time, 下文中的teachers与B项中的teachers形成原词复现, 且B项中的also beneficial顺承上文的higher test scores. . . improved attention spans。3. 【解析】选E。E项中的these results指的是第二段中提到的户外教育的好处, 且设空处后一句中的Eliza Minnuccis kindergarten class there指的就是E项中的A public school in Quechee。4. 【解析】选D。设空处后一句中的discrete skills and facts与D项中的separate. . . small pieces形成词汇同现。5. 【解析】选F。设空处后一句中的place与F项中的place形成原词复现, 且they need to think about. . . staying warm是对F项中complex的具体解释。