1、英语译林牛津版选修7Unit 1学案（介词）辅导案-介词介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词分类：1简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
2、3短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 介词短语1）介词与动词搭配 arrive in/at到达 ask for要，请求do well in在方面做得好give in投降go on继续hear from收到来信 leave for离开一地去另一地 send for派人去请 look for寻找deal/do with处置，对待 belong to属于wr
3、ite to写信给2）介词与名词搭配 in time及时on time准时，按时 in front of在前面 with a smile带着微笑 at all压根儿at the beginning of在开始 at the end of在结尾in a word总而言之，一句话in order to为了，以便 on one hand on the other hand一方面另一方面 on the radio通过无线电广播 to ones surprise/joy使某人吃惊/高兴3)介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配 be good at擅长 be angry with sb. 对某人生气be a
4、ngry at sth. 为某事生气be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意be tired of讨厌厌倦 be interested in对感兴趣take part in参加 take care of照顾，关心，保管 be busy with忙于be strict with对严格要求 catch up with跟上，赶上 have nothing to do with与无关 3.看似相同，但意义有别的词组 英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。为此，把这类
5、词组归纳如下： 1）介词词组 at table在进餐at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk） at desk在读书或做作业at the desk在书桌旁 at school在校上学（指学生）at the school在学校（指教职工） in front of the bus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）in the front of the bus在公共汽车里面（在车上） in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱 in red穿着红色的衣服in the red负债，亏损 in hospital住院（指病人）in the hospital（因事）在医院 o
6、ut of office离职out of the office离开办公室 2）含有介词的动词词组 come out of hospital（病好）出院come out of the hospital（因事）从医院里出来 come out of prison（刑满）释放come out of the prison（因事）从监狱里出来 go to college上大学go to the/a college去一所学校（办事） go to bed上床睡觉go to the bed去床边 go to sea当海员go to the sea去海边 go to church做礼拜go to the chur
7、ch（因事）去教堂 keep house管理家务keep the house守在家里 take place发生take the place代替at in on by在表示时间方面的区别 at指时间表示: 1.时间的一点，时刻等。 They come home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak, at dawn).2.较短的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。 He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at
8、 night, at midsummer).His grandfather died at seventy-two. in指时间表示: 1.在某个较长的时间（如世纪，朝代，年，月，季节及泛指的上午,下午和傍晚等）He was born in 1982. He did it in the holidays. 2.在一段时间之后。I will finish my work in three hours. He will come here in a day or two. 注意:在表示时间点的名词（或者词组）前用after。on指时间表示: 1.具体的时日和有个特定的时间，如某日，星期几等。 On
9、 May 4th, everyone could be fooled. 2.某个特定的早晨,下午或晚上。He died on the eve of victory. He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 9th. 3.准时 I should reach home on time. by指时间表示 1.不迟于,在某时前. 例如：Jack had made some friends by the time you left. He will come by six oclock. 2.在间，在的时候。 例如：He worked by day and
10、 slept by night. I dont like traveling by night.常用介词的区别：1表示时间的in, on, atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关2表示时间的since, fromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in, on, toin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外5表示“在上”的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表
11、示“穿过”的through, acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关7表示“关于”的about, onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间9besides与except的区别besides指“除了还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in, withwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音11as与like的区别as意为“作为，以地位或身份”，like为“象一样”，指情形相似1
12、2in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置完形填空In the dining room of my grandfathers house stood a massive grandfather clock.Meals in that dining room were a time for four_1_ to become one.And the clock stood like an old family friend，watching over the_2_ that was a part of our lives.As a child，I watc
13、hed my grandfather _3_ that clock with a special key carefully each day.He inserted the key and woundnot too much，nor too _4_ .He never let that clock wind down and stop.He showed us grandchildren how to open the door and let us each take _5_ winding the key.After my grandfather died，it was days aft
14、er the funeral _6_ I remembered the clock! Tears flowed freely when I entered the dining room.The clock stood there _7_.Some time later，my grandmother gave me the key.The old house was quiet.No laughter over the dinner table，no ticking or chiming of the clockall was _8_ .I took the key in my shaking
15、 hand and _9_ the clock door.All of a sudden，I was a child again，watching my grandfather with his silverwhite hair and blue eyes.He was there，_10_ at me，at the secret of the clocks magic，at the key that held so much power.I stood，_11_ in the moment for a long time.Then slowly and carefully I inserte
16、d the key and wound the clock.It sprang to life.Ticktock，ticktock，life and chimes were breathed into the dining room，into the house and into my _12_.In the movement of the hands of the clock，my grandfather lived again.【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述爷爷生前对家里一座老钟的特别关照，表现了一家浓浓的亲情。爷爷去世之后，作者用爷爷同样的方式关照这座老钟，表达了对爷爷深深的
17、怀念。 1.A.persons Bgenerations Cfamilies Dstages 答案B考查名词。在那个餐厅用餐的时候也就是四代人团圆的时候。根据关键词grandfather可知这一家有几代人。 2A.embarrassment Bsorrow Claughter Ddepression 答案C考查名词。这座老爷钟就像是一个老朋友，且观望着“我们”生活中的一节篇章：欢笑。根据全文可知作者家里充满欢声笑语。下文也有提示。 3A.repair Bwind Cfix Dconsult 答案B考查动词。他每天都会用一把特别的钥匙细心地给这座钟上发条。wind上发条。下文也有提示。4A.li
18、ttle Bfast Chigh Dhard 答案A考查副词。他把钥匙插进去，上上发条，不会太多，也不会太少。此处与前面not too much形成对比。5A.turns Btrouble Cpains Daction 答案A考查名词。让“我们”轮流用钥匙上发条。take turns轮流；take trouble/pains不辞辛劳； take action采取行动。6A.once Bwhen Cbefore Dthat 答案C考查连词。爷爷过世了，在葬礼举办几天后，“我”又想起了那座钟。此处是“It is一段时间before”句型，意为“过了多久才。7A.chiming Bcrying Cq
19、uiet Dticking 答案C考查形容词。根据上下文可知，老钟安静地立在那儿。由于有一段时间没有上发条，老钟的指针停止了走动。8A.well Bgone Cover Dstill 答案D考查形容词。根据上文“餐桌上没有了笑声，没有了老钟的嘀嗒声和报时声”可知，一切都变得很安静。still安静的。9A.locked Bopened Cturned Dclosed 答案B考查动词。“我”用颤抖的手拿出了钥匙，打开了钟门。上文语境多次提示，拿钥匙打开钟门。10A.twinkling Bshouting Cglaring Dglancing 答案A考查动词。他站在那儿向“我”眨眼。根据逻辑常识，排
20、除shouting，glaring，glancing三个选项。 11A.lost Blived Cmissed Dinterrupted 答案A考查分词。“我”站在那里，在那个时刻沉思了很长一段时间。be lost in陷入沉思； interrupt打断，中断。 12A.account Bheart Canxiety Dpocket 答案B考查名词。这声音回荡在餐厅，房间以及“我”的心里。此处表示对爷爷的怀念，当然是在心里，故用heart。任务型读写。阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。The modern Olympic Games were
21、 founded with the intention of improving health and education，promoting world peace and encouraging fair and equal competition. But over the years，the Olympic famous saying，“Faster，higher，stronger”，has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do everything possible to reach new levels.Doctors，engine
22、ers and coaches all use everything science can offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition. The reason why modern technology has become part of sport is very simple：Winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece.Development in technology has often
23、been reflected in the methods of training and performance used at the Olympics through history. This technology falls into two main groups：improving an athletes performance in competition，and allowing results to be measured more accurately.One of the creations that have drawn the most attention is t
24、he new hightech swimsuit from Speedo，which was used by most US swimmers in Athens. Until Sydney 2000，it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit，the faster the swimmer would travel.“However，the fact that at the Sydney Olympics,28 of the 33 gold medalists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit
25、 proved the theory was out of date，” said Andy Thomas，vicepresident of Speedo.The companys full body suit is supposed to make swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster，particularly when turning or diving into the water. It is believed that the suit creates less water resistance as it moves，behaving more like a
26、 shark skin than a human skin.The introduction of hightech equipment means that athletes in all sports，from the 100metre sprint (短跑) to the pole vault (撑杆跳高)，can now train more effectively and nourish (给以营养) their bodies better.Meanwhile，scientific development also means performances can be measured
27、 and studied far more accurately. Not only are winning times more accurately recorded，but cheating athletes are also easier to catch out. According to International Olympic Committee (IOC) requirements，two independent measuring systems should be used at all venues (比赛地点). Athens 2004 organizers used
28、 only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.What matters most in Olympics？Its 2._ “Faster，higher，stronger” is pushing scientists and athletes as 3_ to do whatever is possible to reach new levels.1._ is the most important thing at the modern Olympic Games.Science can 4._ athletes pe
29、rformance in competition.Science can get results8_ more accurately.Hightech swimsuit from Speedo can make swimmers 3% to 4% faster when 5._ or diving into water and was worn by some gold 6._ at the modern Olympics.Athletes in all sports can train in a more effective 7._.Winning times can be 9._ more accurately.Cheating athletes can be 10._ caught out. 【参考答案】任务型1Winning2.motto3.well4.improve/better/promote5.turning6.medalists/winners7.way 8measured9.recorded10.easily
