1、Unit 8 First aid I. Brief Statements Based on the Unit In this unit, students will do some listening, speaking, reading and writing practice, Besides, they will study the grammar item: the Subjunctive Mood. In the first period, the teacher should help Ss improve their listening ability by listening
2、to two dialogues and finishing the exercises in the listening part. Also, Ss will read a notice about safety at home. From the notice they will know what they should do and shouldnt do at home. Then with the help of the given useful expressions below the notice, Ss will make their own dialogues. In
3、this period, Ss will also talk about first aid according to the pictures in warming up. This may make Ss be interested in the topic of this unit, so that in the second period, when Ss read more about first aid, they will understand the text better. Through the reading material in the second period,
4、Ss will not only improve their reading ability, but they will also learn some knowledge of first aid, which will be helpful in case of accidents in future. In the third period, Ss will revise the useful words learnt in the first two periods and study the grammar item: the Subjunctive Mood. Lots of p
5、ractice is provided in this part for Ss to master it better. In the fourth period, the teacher should help Ss to improve their integrating skills by reading a passage about dealing with common injuries and writing a paragraph to explain what should be done in case of an accident. After this period,
6、Ss can learn much about first aid and also they learn to write a paragraph to tell others about first aid. .Teaching Goals1. Talk about first aid and medicine.2. Practise talking about what you should and should not do.3. Learn to use the Subjunctive Mood (2).4. Write a process paragraph. Teaching T
7、ime. Five periodsIV. Background Information1. First Aid (I) First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and brea
8、thing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. First ai
9、d measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis. Despite the variety of i
10、njuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking ot
11、her people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victi
12、m. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym ABCwhich stands for： AAirway：is it open and unobstructed? BBreathing：is the person breathing?Look1istenand feel for breathin
13、g CCirculation：is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems Once obvious injures have been evaluated, the injured persons head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the bodyIf no evidence exists t
14、o suggest potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable positionPositioned on one side a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway2First Aid()First aid means what it says：the aid，or held that can be given to an injured person first，which is before any o
15、ther helpNowadays，there is usually a telephone not faraway and the first thing we should do if a serious accident happens is to telephone for an ambu1aneeBut sometimes quick actions by us may save someones 1ifeEven when it is not so，there is often much that we can do to helpShock：people often suffer
16、 from shock after receiving an injury；sometimes even the injury is a small oneThe face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and coldThey breathe quicklyThey should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink Broken Bones：Dont move the personSend for an ambulance at onceTreat
17、for shock if necessary Poison：A person who has swallowed poison should be taken to hospital at onceWith some poisons, sleeping pills，for example, it is a good thing to make the person sick by pushing your ringers down his throatBut if he has swallowed some kind of acid, or anything that burns, it wo
18、uld be a bad thing to make the person sickby pushing your fingers down his throat. But if he has swallowed some kind of acid, or anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make him sick. The poison would burn his throat as it cane up. It is, therefore, best to take the person to find out what t
19、he person has taken so that they call to tell the doctor. Suffocation：This means not being able to breatheFor examplea drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the rest of his body so that the water will drain out. If a person has something stuck in hi
20、s throat, try to remove it with your fingers, or by hitting him on the back. When a person has stopped breathing because of drowning，electric shock，breathing in a poisonous gas，etc，you can help him to begin breathing againYou can not learn t his from a bookAsk someone to show you how to do itMany Bo
21、y Scouts Will be able to show you Remember：When an accident happens，send someone to telephone for an ambulance at onceKeep the injured person warm and quietGive him plenty of airDo not let other people crowd around himIf you see an Injured person who is being looked after，keep awayThe First PeriodTe
22、aching Aims1Train the students listening ability2Help the students to improve their speaking ability by talking about first aid and medicine3Learn and master some useful words and phrases：drown，bleed，choke，prevent，electric，electrical，catch firebe on fireTeaching Important Points：1. Improve the stude
23、nts listening ability2. Train the students speaking ability.Teaching Difficult Points:1. How to improve the students listening ability.2. how to help the students finish the speaking practice.Teaching Methods：1Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through the listening material2In
24、dividual, pair or group work to make every student work in classTeaching Aids1a tape recorder2a projector3the blackboardTeaching Procedures：Step I Greetings and Warming up Greet the whole class as usual.T：(Go to one student) How do you come to school every day，Li Hua?S：I come to school by bikeT：You
25、must be very careful。because therere so many cars。motorbicycles，bikes and also walkers on the road every dayIf you are not careful enough。you may have an accidentHave you ever seen an accident?S：YesOnce when I was going homeI saw a boy was knocked down by a bikeT：RealIy? Was the boy hurt?S：Luckily h
26、e wasnt hurt badlyOnly his left leg was hurt a little but there was nothing seriousHe picked himself up and went awayT：The boy was so luckyBut we must be carefully futureNow，look at the picture on the screen，please (Show the picture on the screen)T：Do you see the woman? Shes not so luckyI think she
27、is hurl badlyMaybe her leg is brokenWhat can we do to help her?S：I think we should call for a doctor or an ambulanceT：Yes，I think youre rightBut before the doctor comes, what can we do to help her? Do you think we should pull her out of the car?S：No，I dont think thats correctBecause we may make her
28、even more hurtI think we should find enough people to lift the car safely and take the woman to hospital at onceT：I agree with youSo do remember to be careful when youre riding your bikeOKNow，please turn to Page 57 and look at the pictures in Warming upHave a discussion in pairs to find out what you
29、 should do in these situations and what we could do to prevent these accidents (Give the students a moment to prepare and then ask some pairs to report their results)Suggested answers：Picture lI think if we see someone drowning，we should first check to see if heshe is breathingIf not, we must try to
30、 start hisher breathingIf this is not done within five minutes，the person may dieTo prevent such an accident，we should nor go swimming alone or go swimming in unsafe placesPicture 3When we see a house on fire and someone is burnt，we should call 119 first and tell them the exact address on the phoneA
31、nd we should also call 120 to ask for an ambulance to helpIf the person is badly burnt, or if a child has been burnt，we should do nothing but wait for the doctorIf the person is not badly burnt, we can cool the area of skin under the cold tap for several minutes and then put a piece of dry clean clo
32、th over the area of burn. To prevent this, we should not play with fire, be careful with gas and make sure that all the electric wires are safe.Picture 4If someone is bleeding badly, we must try to stop the bleeding first. If a person loses one third of his/her blood, he/she may die. We can press a
33、handkerchief onto the bleeding point and hold it there. If possible, hold up the part of body which is bleeding. We must be very careful what ever we do.Picture 5If a person is cut, we can wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth. But if the person is badly cut,
34、we should wait for the doctor. When were working, we must pay more attention to safety.Picture 6If a person chokes, what we should do is to make him/her spit by patting him/her on the back. To avoid this, you shouldnt talk or laugh when eating.T: Very good. Youve known much about first aid. In this
35、unit, well learn more about first aid. What new words do you think should be useful when you talk about accidents and first aid?S: I think we may use calm, conscious, chest, revive and so on.T: Good. Now, please turn to Page 111. Ill teach you the new words in this period. Please read after me. (Stu
36、dents read the words after their teacher twice and then they have a few minutes to read by themselves. At last, the teacher may ask some students to read the words to see if they can read them correctly. )T: I think you all can read them very well. Now, please look at the screen. Ill explain somethi
37、ng to you.(Show the following on the screen to the students.) 1. drown vt./vi, die in water/sound be louder or stronger than e. g. He drowned the kitten. Cheers drowned his voice. Do cats drown easily? 2. bleed vi. (bled; bled) lose blood e. g. His nose bled last night. The cut on his leg was bleedi
38、ng badly. 3. choke vi./vt, cause (sb.) to stop breathing by squeezing or blocking the windpipe e. g. He choked when he ate his food too quickly. The smoke almost choked me. 4. prevent yr. stop or hinder sb./sth. e. g. Bad weather prevented me (from) starting. Your prompt action prevented a serious a
39、ccident. 5. catch fire., begin to burn be on fire. be burning e. g. The house caught fire last night. The house is on fire. 6. electric adj. using electrical power electrical adj. of /concerned with electricity e. g. I want to buy an electric fan. This machine has an electrical fault. (Explain the l
40、anguage points to students and help them to master the important words and phrases. Write them on the blackboard. )Step SpeakingT: Just now weve discussed what we should do when some accidents happen. But you know certain things at home can be dangerous. So we must know what we should do and shouldn
41、t do. Please look at the screen. Here are some dos and donts. Work in pairs to tell each other what you should do and shouldnt do. The useful expressions below may help you.(Show the following on the screen. )Dosl. Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children cant reach them.2. If a pan
42、of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.3. Make sure that everyone in your family knows how to call 110.4. Learn more about first aid.Donts1. Dont put poisons into other containers, for example empty bottles.2. Never leave small things on the floor or table which a baby can p
43、ut in its mouth.3. Dont play with electrical equipment.4. Never use ladders on a wet floor.Useful expressionsYou should alwaysYou should notYou ought to/shouldYou should neverYou mustYou must neverYou have toPlease dont Make sure that(A moment later, ask some students to act out their dialogues. )Sa
44、mple dialogue:A: To be safe at home, you should always make sure that electric wires are safe and that children cant touch them.B: Right. And we shouldnt play with electrical equipment.A: We should never leave small things on the floor or table which a baby can put in its mouth.B: Yes. You should ne
45、ver use ladders on a wet floor. You must have someone hold it for youA: Remember not to put poisons into other containers, for example empty bottles.B: If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.A: You should also make everyone in your family know how to call 110.B: I a
46、gree. We have to learn more about first aid, which is very helpful to us.Step Preparation for ListeningT: OK. Weve talked much about what we should do when an accident happens and what we should do and shouldnt do at home. I think youve known something about first aid. Look at the Listening part. He
47、re are two pictures. Look at the first picture, please. What can you see?S: I can see a boy, a nurse and a man. T: What do you think has happened?S: I think theres something wrong with the boy, and the man is worried about him and he is explaining something to the nurse.T: Good. Now, look at the sec
48、ond picture, please. What do you see in the picture?S: I can see a little girl and her mother, and theres also a nurse.T: What do you guess has happened?S: From the ink bottle I guess the little girl may have drunk some ink.T: OK. From the two pictures, we can guess some information about the storie
49、s. Now, read the requirements quickly and find out what to do. (Give Ss a few minutes to prepare. )Step ListeningT: Now, youve known what to do. Lets listen to the tape to see what has happened in each story. Listen carefully. The first time, I play the tape, you should get the general idea. The sec
50、ond time, you should try to finish the exercises. And the third time I play the tape, you should check your answers. Are you clear?Ss: Yes.T: OK. Lets begin. (Play the tape for Ss and pause the tape when necessary for Ss to write down their answers. Finally, check the answers with the whole class. G
51、ive explanations or play the tape once more if necessary. )Step V Summary and HomeworkT: Today, weve talked about what we should do in case of accidents. And also we have learnt what we shouldnt do at home. This is quite useful to us. After class, you should try to remember them. If you want to know
52、 more about first aid, you can preview the reading passage. Thats all for today. See you tomorrow!Ss: See you tomorrow Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 8 First aid The First Period Words and expressions: drown vt./vi, catch fire bleed vi. be on fire choke vt./vi, electric prevent vt. electrical Step Record after Teaching
