1、重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（34）（附解析）【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2015江苏)In the United States alone，over 100 million cellphones are thrown away each year.Cellphones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is
2、increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration(含量)
3、of gold and other precious metals was higher in socalled ewaste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically unc
4、ontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cellphone，and imagine the mines that produced those
5、 metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The US. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of productsas well as management of the re
6、sulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance，buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an inc
7、entive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask，sho
8、uld cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the
9、government and taxpayers back to the producers.文章大意：文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。1By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that_.Athe weight of egoods is rather smallBewaste deserves to be made good use ofCnatural minerals contain more precious metalsDthe percentage of precious metal
10、s is heavy in ewaste答案：B推断判断题。结合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属；下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用。故正确答案为B。2The responsibility of ewaste treatment should be extended_.Afrom producers to governmentsB
11、from governments to producersCfrom individuals to distributorsDfrom distributors to governments答案：B细节理解题。结合文章最后一句“.a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers bac
12、k to the producers.”可知，电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者。故正确答案为B。3What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe increase in ewaste.BThe creation of ewaste.CThe seriousness of ewaste.DThe management of ewaste.答案：D主旨大意题。本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发，分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性，并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述。由此可知，本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的。故正确答案为
13、D。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014临沂3月质量检测】It can be hard to encourage families of preschoolers to turn off the TV，but there are plenty of highquality shows that promote learning and positive relationships rather than violence，researchers noted.“Although clearly kids watch too much，wha
14、ts more worrying is that they watch poor quality shows，” said Dr Christakis，the lead researcher on the new study from the University of Washington in Seattle.His former survey of parents of threeto fiveyearold children showed the kids often watched violent cartoons and movies that are “totally inapp
15、ropriate”For their study，he and his colleagues randomly divide 565 preschoolers into two groups.In one group，parents recorded notes about kids normal TV viewing，without receiving any guidelines to reduce or change those habits.In the other group，researchers made visits and calls and sent monthly new
16、sletters encouraging parents to replace violent TV with educational programming.After six and 12 months，parents reported their kids angry，aggressive or anxious behaviors on a questionnaire.At both time points，children in the TV intervention (干预) program had slightly fewer problems than those in the
17、comparison group.Boys in lowincome families seemed to benefit most from the change in programming，the researchers found.“The point is，this is something that is as effective as other things we do to try to guide behavior in children，and its fairly simple，” Christakis said.Another study published in P
18、ediatrics found the more TV kids and teens watched，the more likely they were to have a crime or other problems in society.Children may imitate violence they seeor more time in front of the TV could simply mean less communication with peers and families，and worse performance in school.The American Ac
19、ademy of Pediatrics recommends kids watch no more than one to two hours of highquality programming each day.Researchers agreed parents should be mindful of what exactly their young kids are watching on TV as well.“Its not just about turning the TV off，its about changing the channel，” Christakis said
20、.1What is the positive effect of highquality TV shows on kids?AGood learning results and relationships.BBeing affected by violence.CSpending less time on TV programming.DEncouraging them to turn on the TV.2For Christakis，what is more concerning?AKids watching too much TV.BTV shows being of poor qual
21、ity.CKids watching too many cartoons.DParents receiving no guidelines.3We can learn from the survey mentioned in Para.3 that_.AChildren dont like being disturbed while watching TVBPreschoolers seems to like newsletters more than TVCPoor children prefer to watch educational programmingDKids watching
22、highquality programs have fewer problems4. Christakis thought the effect of educational programming on childrens behaviour was_.Aunclear BslightCobvious Dgreat5According to the researchers，_.Agetting preschoolers away from TV is difficultBshows on TV in America are full of violenceCparents should co
23、mmunicate more with their kidsDparents should keep an eye on what kids watch on TV语篇解读本文是一篇调查报告。研究人员通过调查研究发现：高质量的电视节目对学龄前儿童的学习和待人处事，有很大的促进作用。同时文中还提醒家长：关掉电视不是明智之举，关键要关注孩子观看的节目内容。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.but there are plenty of highquality shows that promote learning and positive relationships”可知，A项正确。答案：A2
24、解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“.whats more worrying is that they watch poor quality shows.”可知，B项正确。题干中的concerning与“worrying”同义。答案：B3解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“At both time points，children in the TV intervention (干预) program had slightly fewer problems than those in the comparison group.”可知，与对照组相比，所看电视节目受到干预的孩子的问题相对较少。答
25、案：D4解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段和最后一段可知，Christakis认为，教育类的电视节目对孩子行为的影响是显而易见的。答案：C5解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Researchers agreed parents should be mindful of what exactly their young kids are watching on TV as well.”可知，家长应该关注孩子所看电视节目的内容。答案：D。（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。A black hole is a place in space where gravity
26、pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.Because no light can get out, people cant see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools
27、can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staf
28、f”， in an object.Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earths galaxy. Earths galaxy is called the Milky Way.The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These bla
29、ck holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside
30、a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientist
31、s think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientist
32、s can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.When a black hole and a star are close together, highenergy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the highenergy light.【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述太
33、空黑洞的形成原因和科学家们如何了解黑洞现象的。1The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when_Athe star is going to dieBspecial tools are used on itCother stars come close to itDit is seen from the space telescopes答案A2According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?AA black hol
34、e can be very tiny but extremely heavy.BThe gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.CScientists observe highenergy light through their own eyes.DSome small black holes came into being as early as the universe.答案C3Which can be inferred from the passage?AEvery galaxy must have a black ho
35、le.BA galaxy is the center of the universe.CA galaxy consists of a large group of stars and planets.DEarths galaxy is called the Milky Way.答案C4What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?ANeither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.BThere is only one supermassive black hole at t
36、he center of the Milky Way.CThe supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.DThere is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”答案D5The last two paragraphs mainly focus on the question of_Awhat a black hole isBhow black holes formChow big black holes areDhow
37、 scientists know about black holes答案D阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013天津市十二区县联考二，C)In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it set
38、s one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singlem
39、inded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame comp
40、etition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excus
41、e: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competito
42、rs who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competiti
43、on.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。1What does this passage mainly talk about?ACompetition helps to set up selfrespect.BOpinions about competition are different among people.CCompetition is harmful to personal quality development.DFailures are necessary experiences in competi
44、tion.答案：B主旨大意题。根据文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。2Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?AIt builds up a sense of duty.BIt pushes society forward.CIt improves personal abi
45、lities.DIt encourages individual efforts.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。3The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _.Athose who try their best to winBthose who value competitio
46、n most highlyCthose who are against competition most stronglyDthose who rely on others most for success答案：C词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。4What is the similar belief of the true competitors and thos
47、e with a “desire to fail”？AOnes worth lies in his performance compared with others.BOnes success in competition needs great efforts.COnes achievement is determined by his particular skills.DOnes success is based on how hard he has tried.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as tha
48、t of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A项正确。5Which point of view may the author agree to?AEvery effort should be paid back.BCompetition should be encouraged.CWinning should be a lifeanddeath matter.DFear of failure should be removed in competition.答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。