1、四必修1 Unit 4Earthquakes(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AEast Africa is experiencing the worst desert locust outbreak in decades. Climate events have accelerated breeding of the pest across the region, and with a sudden rise in the locust population expected in coming weeks, urgent actions and funds are needed to preve
2、nt a human crisis. Twenty million people in six of the eight East African countries are most affected by an ongoing desert locust outbreak at risk of serious food insecurity. Considered among the most destructive of moving pests, an adult locust can consume 2g of plants per day, affecting crops and
3、grasslands. A group typically holds 20 to 150 million locusts per square kilometer and can move hundreds of kilometers per day, invading areas covering millions of square kilometers. An active group, therefore, can destroy crops and grasslands within a very short period of time. That global warming
4、could increase the risk of desert locust crisis was proposed over ten years ago, and in February, the UN Secretary-General Antnio Guterres stated that the current outbreak is linked to the effects of climate change: “warmer seas mean more perfect breeding ground for locusts”. The outbreak has its or
5、igins in 2018, when a series of windstorms in the Arabian Peninsula (阿拉伯半岛) enabled the warm and wet conditions the desert locust requires to breed and band undetected in remote regions. Though our focus here is migration west, dreadful outbreaks of the desert locust have been experienced to the eas
6、t. The situation is going out of control. A rescue operation and financial support admit no delay. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) can take out only US$138 million for rapid response and immediate action controlling the spread of the desert locust and safeguarding livelihoods. They say
7、the maths is clear: about half the funding (资助) is needed for supervision, ground and sky control, and uniting efforts; the other half is needed for livelihoods and food security of farmers. As for the huge gap, they have called on the international community to act now through funding. However, by
8、the end of February, just US $69 million had been promised. This most alarming crisis has developed and is worsening in East Africa. The funds needed to control the situation become very difficult to achieve and the gap is a big concern. 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了东非发生了严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害, 预计在未来几周内蝗虫数量会急剧增加。粮食及农业组织
9、呼吁国际社会立即筹集资金采取行动控制沙漠蝗虫灾害。1. Why does the crisis happen in East Africa? A. There is a big population there. B. There are large deserts and grasslands. C. Africa lies west of Arabian Peninsula. D. Good climate for breeding plays a role. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段可知, 东非正在经历几十年来最严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害, 气候活动加速了该地区害虫的繁殖。即蝗虫危机
10、在东非发生的原因是气候条件有利于蝗虫的繁殖。故选D。2. Why does the writer list those figures in Para. 2? A. To warn of the terrible damage by locusts. B. To help us understand how locusts live. C. To show how many locusts there are now. D. To draw a picture of the present Africa. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知, 八个东非国家中有六个国家的2 000万人受持
11、续不断的沙漠蝗虫的影响最大, 面临严重的粮食不安全风险。蝗虫被认为是最具破坏力的害虫之一, 一只成年蝗虫每天可以吃掉2克植物, 从而影响农作物和草原。通常每平方千米的一个蝗虫群会有2 000万至1. 5亿只蝗虫, 它们每天可以移动数百千米, 入侵面积达数百万平方千米的地区。因此, 移动中的蝗虫群可以在很短的时间内破坏农作物和草原。因此判断出作者在第2段中列出这些数字是为了警告人们蝗虫会造成严重的损失及破坏。3. What can we infer from the text? A. The crisis is not noticed until recently. B. More fund i
12、s needed to prevent the crisis. C. The crisis has been the focus of the world. D. Locusts are all from the Arabian Peninsula. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知, 对于资金的严重不足, 粮食及农业组织呼吁国际社会立即筹款。然而, 到2月底, 仅筹措到6 900万美元。因此我们可以推断出需要更多资金来预防危机。4. Which is the best title for the text? A. Killing Locusts before too LateB.
13、 Global Warming, a World ProblemC. Funding Gap for Locust CrisisD. Africa, a Crisis-stricken Place【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章讲述了东非发生了严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害, 预计在未来几周内蝗虫数量会急剧增加。粮食及农业组织呼吁国际社会立即筹集资金采取行动控制沙漠蝗虫灾害。目前控制局势所需的资金变得非常难以实现, 缺口是一个大问题。因此文章的最佳标题是C项(蝗灾危机的资金缺口)。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. locustn. 蝗虫2. outbreakn. 爆发3. breedingn. 繁殖
14、4. ongoingadj. 仍在进行的, 持续存在的5. crisisn. 危机6. livelihoodn. 生计, 营生7. worsenv. 恶化, 变得更坏B(2021济南模拟)With the undeniable increase in greenhouse emissions on Earth, there can be no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer, and scientific studies have proven that if we carry on living the way we do, then glob
15、al temperatures will rise even more. So what exactly does this mean for the future of our planet? Global warming will in fact cause extreme weather conditions, meaning that our winters would be even colder than they are now. More than that, warmer temperatures will lead to the melting of ice in the
16、north and south poles, which in turn will lead to rising sea levels across the globe. This is particularly troubling for low coastal regions and some island countries. In 1, 000 years or so, all these places will be flooded underwater. So where will we be able to live? Unless we can find a way to ev
17、olve into mermaids and mermen, which doesnt look promising, the only solution is to move elsewhere. There will be little choice left once a large proportion of the land is lost to the sea, and other remaining places will be so hot that it will be absolutely impossible for us to survive. Countries th
18、at we consider to be hot these days will be even more so if temperatures increase by 5, 10, even 15 degrees. It is possible, then, that the once frozen poles of the Arctic and Antarctica will be suitable enough to live in, having melted its ice and warmed up. Its scary to think of our descendents(后代
19、) struggling to survive in a virtually uninhabitable world. Perhaps if people start to realize how their actions now can have such an impact on future generations, they will change their attitude and start to think more about caring for the environment. If not, well be living in a world underwater a
20、nd will need to think of a way to turn ourselves into mermaids! 【文章大意】如果不改变我们现在的生活方式, 地球温度将继续上升, 导致海水上涨, 低海拔地区将被淹没, 其他地区也将热得无法生存, 人们不得不进化成“美人鱼”! 5. What about our planet in 1, 000 years according to the text? A. There will be more water. B. Winter will become mild. C. Low-lying islands will disappea
21、r. D. Sea levels will rise in the polar regions. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知, 如果气温继续上升, 大约1 000年后, 低海拔的沿海地区将被水淹没。故选C。6. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Hot places today will become colder. B. Humans might evolve into mermaids. C. Fewer places will be suitable to live. D. The earth will be tot
22、ally covered by water. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知, 气候持续变暖会导致海平面上升, 淹没大部分地区, 适合人们居住的空间越来越小。C选项符合题意。7. What does the author appeal to people to do? A. Care for the environment. B. Learn to live like a mermaid. C. Take good care of our children. D. Struggle for our survival. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“they will
23、change their attitude and start to think more about caring for the environment. ”可知, 作者写这篇文章主要想让人们改变态度, 多考虑关心环境。A选项符合题意。8. Which word can describe the authors attitude towards global warming? A. Optimistic. B. Worried. C. Terrified. D. Unconcerned. 【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“Its scary to think of ou
24、r descendents struggling to survive in a virtually uninhabitable world. ”可知, 作者对目前的气候变化给人类带来的灾难感到忧虑。故选B。scary作形容词, 意为“使人惊慌的”。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. temperature n. 温度; 气温2. extreme adj. 极端的3. melt v. 融化4. particularly adv. 尤其; 特别地5. absolutely adv. 绝对地; 完全地6. generation n. 一代; 一代人7. impact n. &v. 影响. 完形填空Many
25、people set an academic goal: graduating from college. 1, one woman waited a long time to 2 that goal. Last week, 84-year-old Janet Fein received her bachelors 3 of sociology (社会学) from the University of Texas at Dallas. Fein 4 in New York City. In high school, she just wanted to 5 and get a job. Aft
26、er 6 early, at the age of 16, she went to work. After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her children. She held several jobs throughout her life, 7 20 years as a secretary at a Dallas hospital. But she still wanted to 8 a bachelors degree. Fein 9 a program that lets people aged 65
27、 and older take free classes at universities. “With each class I already 10 a lot, but then I also learned a lot. ” Health experts say continuing with education later in life is one way to keep 11. They believe keeping active and giving yourself something to look forward to is a 12 move. In Feins ca
28、se, she kept going to class even as her health conditions 13. She needed to use a walker (助步器) to get around and required oxygen. She also 14 knee problems. So, Fein took 15 classes to finish the last part of her degree requirements. But she never showed 16 of giving up. Tracy Glass, Feins classmate
29、, said Feins personal 17 of world events like the womens movement improved a lot of class discussions. Their sociology teacher Carol Lanham 18 that Fein made the classroom experience more meaningful for other students. Fein has also 19 her caregiver Renee Brown. At 53, she plans to begin nursing sch
30、ool to 20 her career. Fein told her, “Renee, you can do it. If I can do it, you can do it, and you will feel so good about it. ”【文章大意】本文是记叙文, 讲述了珍妮特费恩在84岁高龄获得社会学学士学位的励志故事。1. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. InsteadD. Moreover【解析】选A。句意: 许多人都会给自己定一个学术目标: 从大学毕业。然而, 一位女士等待了很久才达成这一目标。前后两句是转折关系, 故用However。2. A. m
31、issB. acceptC. setD. reach【解析】选D。句意: 一位女士等待了很久才达成这一目标。 miss错过; 想念; accept接受; set 放; 置; reach 达到。3. A. position B. applicationC. offerD. degree【解析】选D。句意: 上周, 84岁的珍妮特费恩拿到了得克萨斯大学达拉斯分校的社会学学士学位。 position位置, 方位; application 申请; offer提议; degree 程度; 学位。4. A. got byB. grew upC. passed byD. took off【解析】选B。句意:
32、 费恩在纽约市长大。 got by通过; 经过; grew up 长大; passed by经过; 走过; took off 起飞。5. A. teachB. studyC. finishD. retire【解析】选C。句意: 她只想结束高中学业去找工作。 teach教; study 学习; finish完成; 结束; retire 退休。6. A. workingB. settling downC. graduatingD. giving up【解析】选C。句意: 16岁早早毕业后, 她就去工作了。 working工作; settling down定居; 安定下来; graduating 毕
33、业; giving up 放弃。7. A. supposingB. regardingC. concerningD. including【解析】选D。句意: 她一生中做过好几份工作, 包括在达拉斯一家医院当了20年秘书。 supposing 假设; 认为; regarding认为; 把看作; concerning涉及; 关系到; including 包括。8. A. earnB. makeC. checkD. abandon【解析】选A。句意: 但她仍然想获得一个学士学位。earn获得; make做; 制造; check核对; abandon 放弃。9. A. took part inB. w
34、as in charge ofC. handled withD. was aware of【解析】选A。句意: 费恩参加了一个项目, 该项目允许65岁及以上的老人在公立大学免费就读。 took part in 参加; was in charge of掌控; handled with处理; was aware of 意识到。10. A. paidB. knewC. consideredD. forgot【解析】选B。句意: “即便已经充分了解每节课的内容, 但还是能学到不少知识。”(丰富的工作经历已经让她了解了课程的很多内容)paid支付; knew知道; 了解; considered考虑; f
35、orgot 忘记。11. A. awakeB. calmC. fitD. quiet【解析】选C。句意: 健康专家表示, 晚年继续接受教育是保持健康的一种方法。 awake醒着的; calm 冷静的; fit 健康的; quiet 安静的。12. A. positiveB. discouragingC. specialD. difficult【解析】选A。句意: 保持积极的心态并且有所期待是非常积极的一种举措。 positive积极的; discouraging令人灰心的; special 特别的; difficult 困难的。13. A. improvedB. worsenedC. stre
36、ngthenedD. required【解析】选B。句意: 以费恩来说, 即使健康状况恶化, 她仍坚持上课。 improved提升; worsened 恶化; 变得更坏; strengthened 加强; required 要求。根据后文可知费恩需要借助助步器行走, 还需要吸氧。她的膝盖状况也不好。这说明她的健康状况恶化了。14. A. causedB. solvedC. developedD. destroyed【解析】选C。句意: 她的膝盖状况不好, 根据“knee problems”可知费恩的膝盖也有问题。 caused导致; 引起; solved 解决; developed 患(病);
37、 出现(问题); destroyed 摧毁; 毁灭。15. A. academicB. regularC. additionalD. online【解析】选D。句意: 所以费恩参加了在线课程, 以完成学位要求的最后一部分课程。academic学术的; regular 定期的; additional 附加的、另外的; online 在线的、网上的。根据前文可知费恩的身体健康状况很不好, 所以为了获得学位, 她应该是参加了网上课程, 这样不用奔波。16. A. symbolsB. significanceC. signsD. signals【解析】选C。句意: 但她从未有过放弃的迹象。symbol
38、s象征; significance意义; 重要性; signs 迹象; signals 信号。17. A. memoriesB. performanceC. preferencesD. interest【解析】选A。memories记忆; performance 表演; preferences 偏爱、优先; interest 兴趣。根据“84-year-old Janet Fein”可知费恩已经84岁了, 她一定经历过妇女运动等世界大事, 所以这里要表达的是费恩对妇女运动等世界大事的个人记忆提高了课堂讨论的氛围。18. A. criticizedB. agreedC. arguedD. rec
39、ommended【解析】选B。句意: 她们的社会学老师卡罗尔拉纳姆也认同费恩让课堂体验对其他学生来说更具意义。 criticized批评; agreed 同意; argued争论; recommended 推荐。19. A. praisedB. amazedC. comfortedD. inspired【解析】选D。句意: 费恩也激励了自己的护理员蕾妮布朗。 praised 赞扬; amazed使惊讶; comforted安慰; inspired 激励; 启发。20. A. startB. furtherC. changeD. discover【解析】选B。句意: 今年53岁的她计划进入护理学
40、校来进一步提升自己的事业。 start开始; further促进、推进; change改变; discover发现。【知识拓展】熟词生义小结At 53, she plans to begin nursing school to further her career. 此处further用作动词, 意为“提升”。熟词生义在高考阅读理解和完形填空中经常出现, 一个单词在不同的语境中有不同含义。平常学习多留意熟词生义, 能极大减小学生的阅读困难或理解偏差。例1(2017全国卷): Our exhibits will feed your mind. (v. 满足)例2(2017全国卷): Our ca
41、f offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. (n. 特色菜)例3(2017全国卷): We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. (v. 研究). 语法填空(诵读经典改编)Animal activists 1. gathered(gather) on Hollywood Boulevard when “Rise of the
42、 Planet of the Apes” 2. was shown (show)to the public last month 3. to say(say) “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)! ” to the filmmakers, 4. who used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized 5. animals(animal). Yet“Apes” is more exception 6. than the rule. In fact, a number of films ha
43、ve drawn the anger of activists because animals are not treated 7. properly(proper) in the films. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the 8. treatment(treat) of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs 9. on more than 2, 000 productions. But there are questions about the films 10. mad
44、e(make)outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States. 阅读填句(2021四川模拟)Among the outbreak of COVID-19 the World Health Organization(WHO) has offered basic protective measures to the public against the virus. Wash hands frequently with soap and wate
45、r or use an alcohol-based hand rub if your hands are not visibly dirty. 12 If you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may contaminate (污染; 传染) objects or people that you touch. Throw tissues immediately into a closed bin and clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. Keep at least o
46、ne-meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing and have a fever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with a respiratory(呼吸系统) disease project (喷射) small drops containing the virus. 3Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth because hands
47、 touch many surfaces, which can be contaminated with the virus. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth with your contaminated hands, you can transfer the virus from the surface to yourself. Tell your health care provider if you have traveled in an area where the epidemic(流行病) has been reported, or if
48、 you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms. Practice general hygiene(卫生) measures when visiting live animal markets, wet markets or animal product markets. 4 Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil or structures of shops and marke
49、t facilities. 5 Handle raw meat, milk, or animal organs carefully to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的爆发中, 世界卫生组织(世卫组织)向公众提供了针对该病毒的基本保护措施。文章介绍了应采取的保护措施。A. Avoid eating animal products. B. If you are too close, you can breathe in the virus. C. This helps
50、 knowing the virus if its on your hands. D. Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products. E. This helps removing the virus if its on your hands. F. Strictly avoid any contact with other animals in the market. G. Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when coughing and sneezing. 1. 【解析】选E。细节理解题。上文
51、提示可知经常用肥皂和水洗手, 如果你的手不是很脏, 可以用含酒精的洗手液。承接上文, E项This helps removing the virus if its on your hands(如果它在你的手上, 这有助于去除病毒。)切题。故选E。2. 【解析】选G。细节理解题。根据下文提示可知如果你用手打喷嚏或咳嗽, 你可能会污染你接触的物体或人。承接下文, G项 Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when coughing and sneezing(咳嗽和打喷嚏时用纸巾捂住口鼻)切题。故选G。3. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据上文提示可知与他人保
52、持至少一米的距离, 尤其是那些咳嗽、打喷嚏和发烧的人, 因为感染了呼吸道疾病的人咳嗽或打喷嚏时, 会喷出含有病毒的小液滴。承接上文, B项 If you are too close, you can breathe in the virus(如果你离得太近, 你会吸入病毒。)切题。故选B。4. 【解析】选F。细节理解题。根据上文提示可知到访活生动物市场、水货市场或动物产品市场时, 应注意卫生。再根据下文提示“避免接触可能被污染的动物粪便或地上的液体, 避免接触商店和市场的设施。”承接上下文, F项 Strictly avoid any contact with other animals in the market(严禁接触市场上的其他动物)切题。故选F。5. 【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据下文可知小心处理生肉、牛奶或动物器官, 避免与未煮熟的食物交叉污染。承接下文, D项Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products(避免进食生的或未煮熟的动物产品)切题。故选D。