1、第三部分 人与自然中考英语教材基础练 话题20 宇宙探索第116练微语境词汇运用一、词汇运用 A)根据语境及汉语提示填写单词。1.There are many other galaxies in the (宇宙).2.None of the (新闻)is interesting.How about looking for something fun around us?答案1.universe 句意:在宇宙中还有许多其他的星系。universe宇宙。2.news 句意:没有一条新闻有趣。寻找我们身边的有趣的事怎么样?news新闻,是不可数名词,一则新闻:a piece of news。3.It
2、s (不可能的)to get everybody together at the same time.4.It takes several months for the (宇宙飞船)to get to Mars.5.Can you (想象)living on Mars in the future?答案3.impossible 句意:同时把所有人凝聚在一起是不可能的。impossible不可能的。im-是否定前缀,possible 可能的。4.spaceship/spacecraft 句意:宇宙飞船到达火星需要几个月。注意spacecraft单复数同形。5.imagine 句意:你能想象将来住在
3、火星上吗?拓展imagine doing sth.想象做某事。B)用所给词的适当形式填空。6.I read a report about the Mars in the (late)magazine.7.Its well-known to us all that the earth (go)around the sun.8.This novel is (special)written for teenagers.答案6.latest 句意:我在最新的杂志上,读了一则关于火星的报道。latest 意为最新的,最近的。7.goes 句意:众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。此处为客观事实,应用一般现在时,故
4、填goes。8.specially 句意:这部小说是专门为青少年写的。special专门的,特殊的,是形容词,应变为specially 专门地;特殊地,用副词修饰written。9.Lets discuss the (possible)of the thing.10.The world is changing (rapid),and we should keep up with the pace of our times.11.The Belt and Road Initiative is very helpful for the (develop)of the international t
5、rade.答案9.possibility 句意:让我们来讨论这件事的可能性。possible可能的,是形容词,应变为其名词形式,故填possibility。10.rapidly 句意:世界变化很快,我们应该紧跟时代的步伐。rapid快的;迅速的,是形容词,应变为rapidly 快地;迅速地,用副词修饰changing。11.development 句意:一带一路倡议对国际贸易的发展是非常有帮助的。根据前面的the和后面的of可知,应用其名词形式development。二、易混易错 look for 与search for 12.他们正在到处搜寻那个司机。They are that driver
6、 everywhere.13.他正在找丢失的项链。He is the lost necklace.14.昨天他们查找了一些关于节日的信息。They some information about festivals yesterday.答案12.searching for 13.looking for 14.searched for discover,invent与find 15.警察找到了他二十多年前丢失的自行车。Policemen his bike he lost over twenty years ago.16.爱迪生发明了许多有用的东西。Edison many useful things
7、.17.哥伦布发现了新大陆。Columbus the new continent.答案15.found find表示找到,发现,强调找到这一结果。根据题意可知,此处表示找到了丢失的自行车这一结果,故用found。16.invented invent表示发明,根据句意可知用invented。17.discovered discover表示(第一个)发现,根据句意可知用discovered。have/has been to 与have/has gone to 18.你去过郑州科学技术馆吗?you ever the Zhengzhou Science&Technology Museum?19.他不在
8、这里,他去图书馆了吗?He isnt here.he the library?答案18.Have;been to have been to.表示曾经去过,强调过去的经历,现在已经不在那里。常和表示次数的词、ever、never等连用。19.Has;gone to have gone to.表示到去了,人不在说话现场,可能在去的途中、在目的地或在返回的途中。三、熟词生义 从方框内选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。20.The fire wont if the wood is wet.21.His letters were onto a large screen.答案20.light 句意:假如木
9、材是湿的,火就点不着。light点燃;燃起来。21.projected 句意:他的信件被投影在一个大屏幕上。project 投影;放映。circle v.盘旋;围绕画圈 float v.发行(股票)上市 light v.开始燃烧;点燃;点着 project v.投影;放映 system n.体制;制度;方法;方针 22.The company was on the stock market(股市)in 1993.23.All the teachers should support and carry out the educational .24.The plane continued to
10、the airport,waiting for permission(允许)to land.答案22.floated 句意:这个公司于1993年上市。float 发行(股票)上市。23.system 句意:所有的老师应该支持和贯彻教育方针。system 体制;制度;方法;方针。24.circle 句意:飞机继续在机场上空盘旋,等待着着陆的准许。circle(尤指在空中)盘旋。第117练教材句型迁移一、教材句型仿写 1.外研八下Module 3,Unit 1,P18 Thats why its on the news.仿写:这就是他迟到的原因。2.外研八下Module 3,Unit 1,P18L
11、ots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.仿写:为了有一个更美好的未来,我们必须努力学习。答案1.Thats why he was late.2.We must study hard in order to have a better future.3.外研八下Module 3,Unit 2,P20Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years.仿写:
12、自2006年以来,合肥已经发生了巨大的变化。4.外研八下Module 3,Unit 2,P20However,no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.仿写:他已经到了上学的年龄了。答案3.There have been great changes in Hefei since 2006.4.He has already been old enough to go to school.5.译林九下Unit 4,P52It is hoped that people could start al
13、l over again and build a better world on Mars.仿写:希望我们能在本周末前完成此项目。6.译林九下Unit 4,P52However,the spacecraft would travel so fast that the journey to Mars might be quite uncomfortable.仿写:这位小伙子很勇敢,他救了那名落水儿童。答案5.It is hoped that we will be able to finish this project before this weekend.6.The young man was
14、 so brave that he saved the kid who fell into the water.7.译林九下Unit 4,P53Compared with life on the Earth,life on Mars would be better in some ways.仿写:与过去相比,我们的作业已经少了。答案7.Compared with the past,we have got less homework.二、高级句型转换 8.Life on Mars would be interesting and challenging.(用as well as进行转换)高级句型
15、:。答案8.Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging.9.Many people are in no doubt that life on Mars will be very interesting.(用There is no doubt that.进行转换)高级句型:。10.Astronauts who wear space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours.(用现在分词 wearing进行转换)高级句型:。答案9.There is no doubt that
16、life on Mars will be very interesting for many people.10.Astronauts wearing space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours.三、补全对话 根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两个为多余选项。A:Hello,Lucy.I havent seen you for several hours.Where have you been?B:Hello,Tony.11.And I have found some information about
17、 the universe.A:Really?Would you like to tell me some?B:Of course.What do you want to know?A:Well.12.B:Millions of years.A:Wow!So long.13.B:Not yet.A:14.B:Yes,thats right.But they have discovered water on Mars.A:Thats interesting.B:Oh,I want to return the book to Jack,but I cant find him.Do you know
18、 where he is?A:15.You can find him there.B:Thanks a lot.A.So far,there has been life only on the Earth?B.How long has there been life on the Earth?C.I have been to the library.D.Have scientists found life on other planets?E.He has been to the space museum twice.F.I have been to the hospital.G.He has
19、 just gone to the playground.答案1115 CBDAG 第118练重点语法复习一、单项选择 1.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village his family lived ten years ago.A.whenB.which C.whereD.how 2.Hello Mars is amazing a documentary(纪录片)many people like watching it.A.so;thatB.such;that C.so;asD.such;as 答案1.C 句意:昨天,李明去了他家人十年前居住过的村庄。此处是定
20、语从句,关系词应为表示地点的副词where。2.A 句意:你好!火星是如此令人惊叹的一部纪录片,以至于许多人都喜欢看。句子结构为:so+形容词+不定冠词(a 或an)+名词+that从句,意为如此以至于。3.riding shared bikes(共享单车)is an environmentally friendly way to travel,many of the bikes are thrown everywhere,so we should take action to change the situation.A.AsB.Although C.UnlessD.Until 4.2022
21、上海模拟改编The project requires teamwork.Nothing will be achieved we work well together.A.ifB.since C.unlessD.after 答案3.B 句意:尽管骑共享单车是一种环境友好型的旅游方式,但是许多自行车被扔得到处都是,因此,我们应该采取行动改变这种情况。although尽管,引导让步状语从句。注意在英语中,although(though)与but不能同时出现。4.C 句意:这个项目需要团队合作,除非我们并肩作战,否则会一无所获。unless除非,如果不,引导条件状语从句。5.What are you
22、going to do this weekend?I yet.A.decide B.wont decide C.was deciding D.havent decided 答案5.D yet一般用于现在完成时的否定句或一般疑问句,故选D,表示我还没有决定。二、将下列复合句转换为简单句 6.He was late for school because it rained heavily.7.Humans cannot survive if there is no food,water or oxygen.答案6.He was late for school because of the heav
23、y rain.7.Humans cannot survive without food,water or oxygen.8.This hall is so large that it can hold 2,000 people.9.I could swim when I was eight years old.答案8.This hall is large enough to hold 2,000 people.9.I could swim at the age of eight.三、用所给词的适当形式填空 10.Kate (have)already (take)her temperature.
24、She has got a fever.11.We (learn)2,000 English words in the past three years.答案10.has;taken 句意:Kate已经量了体温,她发烧了。already已经,是现在完成时的标志。11.have learnt 句意:在过去三年内,我已经学了2 000个单词。in the past three years 在过去的三年内,是现在完成时的标志。12.Scientists (send)a spaceship two weeks ago,but it (send)any messages back yet.13.Ther
25、e (be)many changes in our hometown over the past few years.14.How many times (have)you (visit)the Palace Museum?Only once.But I will visit it again next weekend.答案12.sent;hasnt sent 句意:两周前,科学家们发射了一艘宇宙飞船,但是它还没发回任何的消息。two weeks ago 两周前,是明显的过去时间,故第一个空需用一般过去时;yet尚,还,此处指事情尚未发生,故第二空用现在完成时的否定形式。13.have bee
26、n 句意:过去几年里,我们的家乡已经发生了许多变化。存在,有的完成时态结构为:There have(has)been.。14.have;visited 根据Only once可知问句应用现在完成时,表示去过几次。四、用just,since,already,yet,still,never,ever填空 15.They have worked here 2015.16.Have you finished your homework?Not yet.答案15.since 句意:自2015年以来,他们一直在这里工作。16.yet 句意:你已经完成了家庭作业了吗?还没有。17.Have you been
27、 to France?Yes,I have been there twice.18.The little girl has entered such a competition before,so she feels very nervous.19.It was late at night,but the light in the teachers room is on.20.Ive heard some bad news and I dont feel myself today.答案17.ever;already 句意:你曾经去过法国吗?去过,我已去过那里两次了。18.never 句意:这个
28、小女孩以前从未参加过这样的比赛,因此她感觉到非常紧张。19.still 句意:已是深夜,老师房间里的灯却仍然亮着。20.just 句意:我刚听到一些坏消息,今天感觉不太舒服。第119练话题语篇拓展Passage 1 话题:火星种植 建议用时:6分钟 2022安徽中考A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London.They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars(火星)in the future.The project
29、 is called Feeding Mars.It tries to use water,fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars,learn about its surface and return to Earth.So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself.Farming on Mars,however,wil
30、l be very hard.Theres plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface,but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients(养分)that living things need.The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together.Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for p
31、lants.It is expected that you can grow lots of food,such as vegetables and medicinal plants on Mars,said Dr Benz Kotzen,who leads the project.You can even harvest(捕获)fish for food then.1.What does the underlined word It in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.The future.B.The project.C.The land.D.The planet.2.Wha
32、t makes it difficult to farm on Mars?A.Ice below the surface.B.Too much fish waste.C.The missing of living things.D.The poor land condition.3.How does Dr Benz Kotzen feel about Feeding Mars?A.Hopeful.B.Doubtful.C.Surprised.D.Funny.答案【短文大意】格林威治大学的科学家们设想在火星上用水、鱼及鱼粪便种植水果及蔬菜。1.B 代词指代题。根据第一段中的 The projec
33、t is called.Ittries to use water.可知,此处It指代的是The project。故选B。2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的.the land on Mars is missing the nutrients(养分)that living things need可知,由于火星上的土壤缺少生物需要的营养成分,故植物不能生长,即在火星上耕种困难的原因是土壤贫瘠。故选D。3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dr Benz Kotzen说的话可知,他预计在火星上可以种很多食物,甚至可以捕鱼,因此推测他对Feeding Mars计划还是抱有希望的。故选A。Passage 2
34、话题:中国天宫空间站的在线课程 建议用时:8分钟 2022南充中考Students attended a science lesson given by astronauts on board Chinas Tiangong space station on Wednesday,March 23,2022.Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu,the members of the Shenzhou mission(代表团)appeared on television screens watched by millions of students acr
35、oss China.And the Shenzhou was launched(发射)on October 16.During the 41-minute lesson,the astronauts did four experiments to show physical phenomena(现象)only possible in a weightless environment,such as liquid crystallizationand a water bridge.In one experiment,Wang used a toy of Bing Dwen Dwen,the ma
36、scot of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games,to show how objects fly in Tiangong.They invited the young viewers to do similar experiments to see the differences between space and land environments.Before closing the lesson,the astronauts answered questions from students.The questions covered the li
37、fe and work in space,such as how to take care of the skin and whether hot water was available.Wednesdays event marked the third time Wang had taken part in a space lesson.In June 2013,she gave the nations first space lesson to over 60 million Chinese students in Shenzhou X.It made China the second c
38、ountry,following the United States,to have given a lesson to schoolchildren from space.In early December,Wang gave the countrys second space lesson from the Tiangong space station.The astronauts showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station.These science lessons can encourage stu
39、dents to explore the world of science and technology,Shi Yi,a physics teacher,said after the activity,Encouraged by Chinas spaceflight achievements,my school has built a space science laboratory and the teachers give lessons about space exploration.4.On March 23,2022,the astronauts finished these ta
40、sks EXCEPT according to the passage.A.answering the questions from students B.inviting the students to do experiments C.doing an experiment about a water bridge D.showing how they lived inside the space station 5.When did Wang Yaping give the second lecture in space?A.In June 2013.B.In October 2021.
41、C.In December 2021.D.In March 2022.6.Which one of the statements below is an opinion?A.The astronauts did four experiments during the lesson.B.Over 60 million students across China attended the lesson.C.China is the second country to have given a lesson in space.D.The three science lessons given by
42、astronauts are rather meaningful.7.Whats the best title for the passage?A.Astronauts Give Lessons in Space B.China Launched Shenzhou C.The Exploration of Outer Space D.The Development of Tiangong Space Station 8.What kind of writing is the passage?A.A science novel.B.A news report.C.A fairy tale.D.A
43、n interview.答案【短文大意】本文主要介绍了中国天宫空间站的航天员给学生上的在线课程,航天员进行了四项实验来给学生展示宇宙飞船中的物理现象。4.D 细节理解题。根据During the 41-minute lesson.such as liquid crystallization and a water bridge They invited the young viewers to do similar experiments to see the differences between space and land environments和Before closing the
44、lesson,the astronauts answered questions from students可知,在2022年3月23日,航天员做了水桥实验,回答了学生的提问和邀请学生做实验,但并没有提到展示他们如何在空间站里生活。故选D。5.C 推理判断题。根据March 23,2022和In early December,Wang gave the countrys second space lesson from the Tiangong space station可知,2021年12月,王亚平在太空做了第二场授课。故选C。6.D 推理判断题。分析四个选项可知,A、B、C三项都在陈述客观
45、事实,D项航天员讲的这三次科学课是有意义的是观点而非事实,故选D。7.A 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了中国天宫空间站航天员给学生上的在线课程,航天员进行了四项实验来给学生展示宇宙飞船中的物理现象。故A项航天员在太空上课为本文的最佳标题。8.B 推理判断题。本文主要介绍中国天宫空间站的航天员给学生上的在线课程,航天员进行了四项实验来给学生展示宇宙飞船中的物理现象。由此推测本文是一篇新闻报道,故选B。Passage 3 Hey,the people of the Earth!Can you hear this radio message?Do not be afraid!We come in pea
46、ce from another planet and why not?We are your cousins.We are men,as you are.We have been here before.You will see a huge spaceship in a few hours.We are flying towards the solar system almost as fast as this radio message.Your sun is already in sight.Our ancestors(祖先)and yours shared the sun ten mi
47、llion years ago.Im sure you have forgotten your history while we still remember ours.Our ancestors lived on the Earth when dinosaurs were dying.Sadly,they could hardly save the beasts.Your planet was very warm then.Our ancestors believed it would be a nice home for them.They were wrong.Though we wer
48、e masters of space,we knew so little about the Earth.For millions of summers there were no winters in those ancient days the Earth had rapid(飞速的)development.It took about thirty years to fly from one planet to another,so our ancestors seldom travelled in space.But they never felt lonely.They kept in
49、 touch with their relatives and friends on other planets.Three or four times every century,starships would bring them space news.But two million years ago,the Earth began to change.The temperatures fell quickly.The ground was covered with snow and ice.At that time,however,our ancestors knew little a
50、bout that.Those who had called the Earth their home believed there was just a strange disease spreading on the Earth.The disease wouldnt cause deaths,but it would bring much pain and do harm to mens health.9.Why did the speakers ancestors seldom travel in space?(不超过15个词)10.What happened to the Earth
51、 two million years ago?(不超过20个词)11.How will you feel after you hear the radio message?Why?(不超过20个词)答案【短文大意】本文是来自宇宙中其他星球的人发送给地球的信息,其中介绍了他们的祖先和以前的地球。9.Because travelling in space took about thirty years to fly from one planet to another./10.The temperatures fell quickly and the ground was covered with
52、 snow and ice on the Earth.11.I will feel amazed.Because I didnt know that there are people on other planets./.第120练话题书面表达Section A 2022东莞期末改编你是学校英语俱乐部的一名成员。今天俱乐部讨论的话题为My Journey into Space。请你根据下列提示,发挥想象谈一下你的太空之旅。内容包括:1.How do you feel about the coming journey to space?2.What will you take to space?
53、3.What do you want to do in space?要求:1.词数100左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.文中不能出现真实姓名及学校的名称。My Journey into Space 文章结构指导 好词好句集锦 好词:be very excited about;space travel;take pictures of;after all;look forward to 好句:That will be.;I believe.高分范文填空 阅读范文,并用前面的好词好句的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。My Journey into Space I am intere
54、sted in space.I hope to have a 1.in the future.If I have the chance to go on a space journey,I will 2.it.Of course,I will feel a little nervous.It is my first time to go into space 3.I will take my cellphone,iPad and camera with me.Id like to take spacewalks in space and listen to my favourite songs
55、.I also want to 4.our earth and other planets.If I can talk with my parents and friends through the cellphone,that will be great.Im 5.my journey into space.6.more interesting than most of my journeys.7.with the development of the technology,my journey into space will come true.答案1.space travel 2.be
56、very excited about 3.after all 4.take pictures of 5.looking forward to 6.That will be 7.I believe Section B 2022原创神舟十四号载人飞船于北京时间2022 年6月5日10时 44分成功发射,出色的航天员陈冬、刘洋和蔡旭哲进入天和核心舱,开启了他们为期半年的在太空中的工作和生活。你是张华,请给这几位航天员们发送一封电子邮件,表达你梦想成为一名航天员,并愿意为之不懈努力的决心。要求:1.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;2.文中不能出现真实姓名及学校的名称;3.词数100左右,文章的开头和结尾
57、已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:Shenzhou manned spaceship 神舟十四号载人飞船;launch v.&n.发射 Dear Astronauts,Best wishes.Yours,Zhang Hua 答案One possible version:Dear Astronauts,I know Shenzhou manned spaceship was launched successfully on 5th June,2022.Congratulations to you on entering the core module Tianhe.I believe youll
58、be doing lots of scientific experiments,stepping out of the station to do some great work,giving science lessons in space and so on.Youll stay in space for half a year.You are the pride of Chinese people.I was interested in space when I was a child.I want to be an astronaut when I grow up.I know it
59、is difficult to become an astronaut.It not only needs good health,but also requires much knowledge about space.Ill always remember what Chen Dong said,fully prepared,passionate and confident.I must put my heart into my studies and never give up until I become a hero to explore space like you in the future.Best wishes.Yours,Zhang Hua
