1、黑龙江五常市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮练习（7）及答案科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2013江苏,C)改编If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If
2、the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If b
3、ubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the Univer
4、sity of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled
5、 the worlds natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompr
6、ession.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means,they clearly di
7、d so quicklyand,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕食动物) such as a large shark.One of t
8、he features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were pre
9、y(猎物) as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?()A.A twisted body.B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D.A drop in blood pressure.2.The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see
10、.A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones3.Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 .A.confirmed his assumption B.speeded up his research processC.disagreed with his assumption D.cha
11、nged his research objectives4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .A.failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB.gradually developed measures against the bendsC.died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD.evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it语篇解读:本篇为科普说明文,文章主要说明了鱼
12、龙得减压病的原因和后果。并介绍了Dr Rothschild通过研究,推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。由The consequence.is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name减压病的典型症状是身体弯曲,可知答案为A项。2.B推理判断题。根据.to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.和.to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression.可知答案为B项。3.
13、C推理判断题。第四段开始说到.he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils.,接下来又说Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite,由此见,研究结果和他开始的预测相反,故选C项。4.A推理判断题。由倒数第二段的If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.可知,Dr Rothschi
14、ld并不认可鱼龙的抗减压进化途径,故A项正确。【疑难词汇解读】 evolve vt.使发展,设计,发出Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.玉米是从墨西哥的一种野生禾本植物进化而来的。【长难句子分析】 开始时,他假设弯曲的迹象在年小的化石中较少见,这也反应出了他们对付减压的措施的逐渐进化。社会生活型阅读理解(一) We all know what it is like to be unable to turn your head because of a cold in the muscles (肌肉) of your neck, or becau
15、se an unexpected twist(扭曲)has made your neck ache. The slightest move makes you jump with pain. Nothing could be worse than a pain in the neck.That is why we use the phrase to describe some people who give you the same feeling. We have all met such people.One is the man who always seems to be clappi
16、ng his handsoften at the wrong timeduring a performance in the theatre. He keeps you from hearing the actors.Even worse are those who can never arrive before the curtain goes up and the play begins. They come hurrying down to your row of seats. You are comfortably settled down, with your hat and hea
17、vy coat in your lap. You must stand up to let them pass. You are proud of yourselfcontrol after they have settled into their seatsWell, what nowGod, one of them is up again. He forgot to go to the mens room, and once more you have to stand up, hanging on to your hat and coat to let him pass. Now, th
18、at is “a_pain_in_the_neck”Another, wellknown to us all, is the person sitting behind you in the movies. His mouth is full of popcorn (爆米花); he is chewing(嚼)loudly, or talking between bites to friends next to him. None of them remain still. Up and down, back and forth, they gofor another bag of popco
19、rn, or something to drink.Then, there is the man sitting next to you at lunch, smoking. He wants you to enjoy it too, and blows smoke across your food into your mouth.We must not forget the man who comes into a bus or subway and sits down next to you, just as close as you will let him. You are readi
20、ng the newspaper and he gets closer so that he can read the paper with you. He may even turn the paper to the next page before you are ready for it.We also call such a person a “rubber neck”， always getting close to where it does not belong, like neighbours who watch all your visitors. They enjoy le
21、arning about your personal business. People have a strong dislike for “rubber necks”. They hate being watched secretly.1. Where can you find this passage?A. In a medicine dictionary. B. In a kids story book. C. In a social science book. D. In a science textbook.2. According to the passage, how do yo
22、u feel when late comers walk back and forth in front of you in a cinema?A. Disturbed. B. Bored. C. Ignored. D. Relaxed.3. A “rubber neck” often _A. says bad words behind people B. quarrels face to face with neighboursC. bargains with salespeople over the price D. asks about other peoples business4.
23、Which of the following persons cannot be described as a “pain in the neck”？A. Someone who often claps at the wrong time during a performance.B. Someone who feels ache in his neck due to a cold in the muscles.C. Someone who sits next to you smoking, which you never enjoy. D. Someone who keeps eating
24、or talking all through the movies. 5What is the main purpose of the author? ATo tell people what might be bad manners in public.BTo criticize (批评) the people who might be a “pain in the neck”. CTo show anger to those who are described as a “pain in the neck”. DTo tell people how to stop the pain in
25、the neck. (三)【要点综述】 文章介绍了一些在公共场合不礼貌的行为，可以把有这些行为的人比喻成“pain in the neck”。1C 推理判断题。这篇文章讲述了一些在社交场合让人不舒服的行为，所以本文应该是出自一本社交科学的书，故选C项。2A推理判断题。从第四段的句子“You must stand up to let them pass. You are proud of yourselfcontrol after they have settled into their seats”可知，这种行为让你感觉很厌烦，故选A项。3D细节理解题。从最后一段的“They enjoy le
26、arning about your personal business.”可知，rubber neck是喜欢打探别人隐私的人，故选D项。4B细节理解题。文章介绍的 pain in the neck 的人是从行为上让人厌烦的，不是真的有颈椎病的人，故选B项。5A 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一些在公共场合不礼貌的行为，故选A项。 【2014高考英语河南省内黄一中一模】A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、 B、 C和D中。选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My horse，Treasure，is my hero because she helped me discover how to r
27、elate to herIn the process，she “ fixed ” my relationship with my husband and my children When I got her，she was 2 years old, with no handling. She was not going to accept any kind of instructions from me. In the interest of not getting myself killed，I started to read and educate myself on ways to ma
28、nage a high-spirited horseI discovered natural horsemanship（马术）,a method of training that focuses on communicationIn order to communicate with another person，you must be understoodThe very definition（定义）of understanding is two or more persons share the same idea. This simple definition had a big inf
29、luence on meI realized that communication is a two-way street!When I started to adopt horsemanship in my life，I noticed a change in the way other people related to meMy husband，when I stopped ordering him around，became happier and more helpfulMy children，when I practiced being fair，firm and most of
30、all，considerate，were motivated（激发）to act sooner，at a polite request instead of the orders from me I think the most valuable life skill I learned from my horse is that pressure motivates. As soon as I applied these basic skills to my daily activities, I started to notice positive changes. My children
31、 were more considerate of each otherand started to ask first，without tellingI became aware of my position as a role modelToday，five years later，I have the perfect horseI also have very polite kids and a very happy husbandTheres nothing in the world that can compare to being loved by ones you love mo
32、st-even if it all started with the attitude of a very special horse56What does the underlined phrase “with no handling” in Paragraph2 mean? A. Nobody cared about the horse except the author.B. The horse could do whatever she wanted.C. Nobody had trained the horse before.D. The horse didnt like anyon
33、e except the author.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. Treasure was worth a lot of money.B. When the author got Treasure, she was a perfect horse.C. Before the author got Treasure, she didnt love her husband.D. Treasures coming helped the authors family to get along better.58. Why were the au
34、thors children slow to respond to her in the past?A. She was unfair and used to order them to do things.B. She didnt know how to manage the female horse.C. Her children were too naughty to listen to her.D. She would be unhappy if they responded quickly to her.59. Which is the best title for the passage?A. A true treasureB. My familyC. The importance of understandingD. An unforgettable experience【参考答案】5659、CDAA