1、课时作业33.阅读理解(2017南阳一中月考)Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was unwil
2、ling to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that
3、the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans？” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable (电缆) from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be mad
4、e.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some
5、of his findings aroused much popular interest in his bookThe Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths
6、, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification
7、 and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a fivevolume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.Afor oceanographic studiesBfor military purposesCfor business considerationsDfor investigating the depths of the oceans
8、2The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.Ato make some sound experiments in the oceansBto collect samples of sea plants and animalsCto estimate the length of cable that was to be madeDto measure the depths of the two oceans3The underlined word “defied” in the 5th paragraph probably me
9、ans “_”AdoubtedBchallenged Cgave proof to Dagreed to4The theme of this passage is about _.Athe beginnings of oceanography Bthe laying of the first undersea cableCthe investigation of ocean depthsDthe early intercontinental communications答案与解析本文是一篇记叙文，定义并描述了海洋学的发展过程。1C推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The first time t
10、hat the question What is at the bottom of the oceans？ had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.”可知，当有人基于商业目的建议在美国和欧洲之间铺设电报电缆的时候，人们才提出问题：海底是什么？也就是说，铺设电报电缆的这个建议具有商业性，故选C。2D细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“In the 1840s, Maury had been
11、 responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.”可知，莫里负责的航海的目的是测量北大西洋和太平洋的深度，故选D。3B猜测词义题。联系上下文可知，当人们把电缆从海底取出来修理时，发现电缆上覆盖有活着的植物，而当时的科学观念认为，在海洋更深处没有生命存在，可知这个事实与当时的科学观念正好相反，故选B，这个发现挑战了当时的科学观念。4A主旨大意题。文章在开头提出了
12、“海洋学”的定义，接下来按照时间顺序来描述海洋学发展的过程，可知本文的中心为oceanography，故选A。.完形填空(2017重庆一中月考)In my childhood, I envied my classmates very much as my absence from school was not allowed due to my strict parents. I had to be _1_ in order to stay home. My parents _2_ to say that they were leading me to have a _3_ work ethi
13、c (职业道德). Not until last week did I see the _4_.I was on a bus, and behind was a man who was _5_ to his friend about his life. His dream was to become a director but he wouldnt continue to _6_ it because he had no _7_ if he could make enough money. And he didnt want to waste _8_ because it probably
14、would take months or years to _9_ it big. Then he admitted to thinking about becoming a(n) _10_ because he thought he could _11_ make six figures within one year. His friend agreed because as he put it, “I have no _12_ to work long hours and not make much money. Taking pictures is good because you c
15、an make big money and only work short hours.”Many people these days dont _13_ that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of _14_， determination and time have gone into it. Someone once told me that you may know _15_ someone is an expert in his given field by how easy he ma
16、kes it look. The _16_ it looks, the more hours go into it.There is no _17_ for laziness. In the television show Fame, the dance teacher told her students, “If you want fame, fame _18_ and heres how you start paying for it, in sweat.” Every time I watch that show, my dad would repeat how _19_ she was
17、 because in order to _20_ you have to work hard. He would go on and on about how bad it is to be lazy.1A.shaking BsmilingCshouting Dlying 2A.needed Bused Cagreed Dought3A.different BreliableCstandard Dgood4A.evidence BsignificanceCanswer Dresult5A.writing B. explainingCreflecting Dcomplaining 6A.sup
18、port BmakeCfollow Dchange 7A.idea Bdoubt Cevidence Dsign8A.luck Bmoney Ctime Dopportunity9A.take BpromoteCmake Dcreate10A.dancer BlawyerCactor Dphotographer 11A.gently BeagerlyCeasily Dcarefully12A.choice BtimeCdesire Dchance13A.understand BguaranteeCrecognize Drealize14A.decision BeffortCpressure D
19、intelligence15A.that BwhyCwhether Dwhen16A.easier BlighterCbetter Dharder17A.explanation Bstatement Cexcuse Dpossibility 18A.matters BarisesCworks Dcosts19A.natural BbeautifulCright Dkind20A.succeed BdevelopCfinish Drest答案与解析为了引导我有良好的职业道德，严格的父母不允许我缺课。直到上周，在公交上听到一个男子抱怨自己的生活，我才明白其意义。任何事情的成功，必须有长期坚持不懈的
20、努力。1D考查动词。根据本文第一句“In my childhood, I envied my classmates very much as my absence from school was not allowed due to my strict parents.”可知，作者小时候非常羡慕同学，因为父母亲很严格不允许作者缺课，因此作者要呆在家必须向家长撒谎，故选D项lying。2B考查动词。本段叙述作者小时候的事情，故用B项used to(过去常常)。A项need to do“需要做”，C项agree to do“同意做”，D项ought to“应该”。3D考查形容词。结合前文，父母亲一
21、直不让作者缺课，是引导作者要有良好的职业道德。A项different“不同的”，B项reliable“可靠的”，C项standard“标准的”，均不符合题意。4B考查名词。直到上周我才明白父母不让我缺课并引导我有良好职业道德的意义(significance)，故选B项。A项evidence“证据”，C项answer“答案”，D项result“结果”。5D考查动词。根据下文该男子和朋友的交谈内容可知，该男子向朋友抱怨自己的生活，故选D项complain，complain to sb. about.“向抱怨”。A项writing“写”，B项explaining“解释”，C项reflecting“反
22、应”，均不合题意。6C考查动词。与名词dream搭配，应用follow，表“追寻梦想”，故选C项。A项support“支持”， B项make“制作”，D项change“改变”。7A考查名词。该男子不回去追寻自己当导演的梦想，因为他不知道他是否能赚到足够的钱，have no idea是固定短语，表“不知道”，相当于dont know，故选A项。B项doubt“怀疑”，C项evidence“证据”，D项sign“迹象”。8C考查名词。由下文“because it probably would take months or years to.”可知，他不想浪费时间(time)，故选C项。A项luck
23、“运气”，B项money“钱”，D项opportunity“机会”。9C考查动词。根据句子结构，该空后的it和big分别是该动词后的宾语和宾补，四个选项中可以加宾语和宾补的只有make，故选C项。A项take“带走”，B项promote“提升；促进”，D项create“创造”。10D考查名词。依据下文“Taking pictures is good because you can make big money and only work short hours.”可知，该男子承认考虑过要成为一名摄影师(photographer)，故选D项。11C考查副词。结合上下文，该男子想成为摄影师，他认为
24、当摄影师很容易在一年之内就能赚到六位数，选C项easily。A项gently“温和地”，B项eagerly“渴望地”，D项carefully 仔细地，小心地。12C考查名词。根据上文“he didnt want to waste time because it probably would take months or years to make it big.”可知，该男子不愿工作很长时间且赚不到很多钱，故选C项desire，此处have no desire to对应前文的didnt want to。A项choice“选择”，B项time“时间”，D项chance“机会”不符合语境。13D考
25、查动词。现在许多人并未意识到当事情会立刻发生的话，仅仅是因为人们已经将很多的努力、决心和时间投入到了其中，故选D项。A项表“理解”，B项表“保证”，C项表“辨认出”。14B考查名词。现在许多人并未意识到当事情会立刻发生的话，仅仅是因为人们已经将很多的努力、决心和时间投入到了其中，故选B项。A项decision“决定”，C项pressure“压力”，D项intelligence“智商”。15C考查连词。该空是宾语从句的引导词，再结合句意，表示你可能会知道某人是否为特定领域的专家，故选whether“是否”。16A考查形容词。根据本段第一句内容“when things seem to happen
26、 immediately, it is only because a lot of effort, determination and time have gone into it.”可知，事情看起来越容易，人们在这件事情上投入的时间越多，故选A项。17C考查名词。结合整篇文章内容，任何事情都要投入时间、决心和努力，因此没有懒惰的理由，故选C项excuse。A项explanation“解释”，B项statement“陈述”，D项possibility“可能”，均不合语境。18D考查动词。根据下一句“heres how you start paying for it, in sweat.”可知，
27、要想成名，就必须付出代价，故选D项costs。A项matters“重要”，B项arises“出现”，C项works“奏效，起作用”。19C考查形容词。舞蹈老师的观点和父亲的观点一致，所以他会重复说她是多么正确(right)，故选C项。20A考查动词。结合本文主旨，要成功就必须坚持不懈地努力，故选A项succeed。B项表“发展”，C项表“完成”，D项表“休息”。.语法填空(2017长郡中学高三摸底)Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh wate
28、r _1_(use)on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are _2_ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea.However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a _3_(mix)of sea and fresh water _4_(grow) healthy and tasty vegetables.He teamed up with scientists from the Free Universi
29、ty and divided a farm _5_ eight negated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity(含盐度)The water levels and the levels of salinity was _6_ (control) by computerized measuring devices called “sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said
30、he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than _7_grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much _8_ (good)He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of se
31、a and fresh water. Mr.Van Rijsselberg said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan _9_thousands of hectares of land _10_(damage) by salinization last year.答案与解析本文主要讲述了气候变化导致海平面上升，这增加了沿海农场的使用水中的盐分，农民逐渐无法使用接近大海的领域。Marc Van Rijsselberg，荷兰的一个农民，现在用的是海洋和淡水共同按比例浇灌健康美味的蔬菜。1used考查非谓语动词。此处的use
32、用在此处与主语是被动关系，应该用过去分词的形式。故填used。2gradually考查副词。此处修饰use，应该用副词形式。故填gradually。3mixture考查名词。此处指的是海洋和淡水的混合物。故填mixture。4to grow考查固定用法。to do表示目的。故填to grow。5into考查介词。divide into把分成。故填into。6controlled考查被动语态。此处指的是被控制在一定的比例。故填controlled。7those考查代词。句意：他说这些蔬菜比在淡水中的那些生长的小。故填those。8better考查比较级。因为前文有much，此处表示更好。故填be
33、tter。9where考查定语从句。先行词为Pakistan，是一个地点名称，应该用where引导。故填where。10was damaged考查被动语态。此处指的是被破坏的，应用被动语态。故填was damaged。.短文改错(2017三明一中月考)Last summer I did some fruitpicking. It is pretty hard work. I had to start in 7 am and pick for a good eight hour. But it was such cheerful that we had great fun. Some of we
34、 had guitars, so in the evenings we had barbecues and played a bit music together. I only got about $80 a week, and at the least they gave me all my meals, and the food was not that awfully. Basic accommodation was also supplying. Still, Im afraid I wont be going fruitpicking this summer, because Ive got a temporary job in town what pays better.答案