1、三十六选修8 Unit 1A land of diversity(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AMany people wrongly think that cities dont have farms and that fruit and vegetables are only grown in the country. Believe it or not, there are more and more urban farms popping up in cities all over the world. Alexandra Sullivan, a food system research
2、er in New York City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment. Ms Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been planted and grown. According to Ms Sullivan, “Urban agri
3、culture has existed since cities have, across the world. ”The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is increasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising. Ms Sullivan says, “In small gardens, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruit, vegetables, grains, an
4、d herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat. They use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture. ” Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely on food grown in rural areas. This is because a city doesnt h
5、ave enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it. In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isnt a lot of room. For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York
6、City. All together, the farms are made up of 2. 5 acres of rooftop space. This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world. Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of things. The farming company sells its vegetables to local residents and restaurants. And because the far
7、ms are on the rooftops, they are specially adapted to their urban location. They use available space that is not needed for anything else. As more urban farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fresher materials for their meals. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了都市农场方面的事情。1. W
8、hich of the following is Ms Sullivans opinion according to the text? A. The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly. B. Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely. C. Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities. D. Urban agriculture can provide huge incom
9、e. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句According to Ms Sullivan, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world. ”可知, Sullivan女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史。2. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Farmers. B. City residents. C. Rural residents. D. Companies. 【解析】选B。代词指代题。根据第三段
10、可知, 住在城市里的人的数量在增长, 想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长, 并结合该段Sullivan所说的话可推知they指的是“城市居民”。3. What can we learn about Brooklyn Grange in New York City from the text? A. It has large farming areas. B. It can only grow single products. C. It produces enough food for citizens. D. It makes use of rooftop space to grow v
11、egetables. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City. ”可知, Brooklyn Grange利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜。4. What may be the best title for the text? A. Farms in CitiesB. Future Food SystemC. Food Grown in CitiesD. Agriculture of New Yo
12、rk City【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知, 文章主要讲述都市农场, 城市居民利用有限的空间, 充分利用屋顶, 花园和家里种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草, 并饲养动物。文章就是围绕城市农场这一中心展开的, 因此 A项作为标题最合适。BPlant a trillion(万亿)trees? The goal 21-year-old Felix Finkbeiner has set for his organization, Plant-for-the-Planet, is on the ambitious side. Unrealistic, though? Not if you consi
13、der Felixs track record so far. After founding Plant-for-the-Planet at the age of nine in 2007, Felix had already passed the million-tree mark 2010. Today, Plant-for-the-Planets tree counter stands at well over 15 billion. This began with a school presentation on climate protection. Having been impr
14、essed by Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman whose heroic campaign resulted in the planting of 30 million trees in 30 years and won her, in 2004, the Nobel Prize, Felix ended his presentation with a call to action, “Lets plant a million trees in every country on earth! ”“Being fourth-graders, we probabl
15、y didnt have the clearest idea of how many a million was, ” Felix recalls with a smile. That didnt stop them from getting the ball rolling, however. Just three years later, Felix and his friends had planted a million. These days, Plant-for-the-Planet functions as an international youth organization.
16、 “We see ourselves as climate protection advocates, ”Felix explains. In one-day workshops, children and teens can apply to become ambassadors for climate justice. This involves holding presentations, organizing local campaigns, and passing their training on to others. Some 63, 000 ambassadors are cu
17、rrently active in 58 countries. When it comes to planting trees, Plant-for-the-Planet also works with other organizations to ensure a high standard of quality. “We make sure that the right kinds of trees are planted and, ideally, that they can be used in some type of economic activity, ”Felix report
18、s. Felix is now studying international relations at the University of London. “I want to join the effort to solve global problems, ” he declares. 5. How many trees have been planted by the program so far? A. Over one million. B. About 30 million. C. Over 15 billion. D. About a trillion. 【解析】选C。细节理解题
19、。由第二段Today, Plant-for-the-Planets tree counter stands at well over 15 billion这句话可知, 菲利斯芬克拜纳和他的“植树救地球组织(Plant-for-the-Planet)”迄今为止已经种植了超过150亿棵树。6. What do we know about Wangari Maathai from the text? A. She set a good example to Felix Finkbeiner. B. She encouraged Felix Finkbeiner to carry on with hi
20、s plan. C. She helped Felix Finkbeiner with his Plant-for-the-Planet program. D. She taught Felix Finkbeiner how to plant so many trees in such a short time. 【解析】选A。 推理判断题。由第三段Having been impressed by Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman whose heroic campaign resulted in the planting of 30 million trees
21、in 30 years and won her, in 2004, the Nobel Prize可知, 肯尼亚环保主义者旺加里马塔伊(Wangari Maathai)30年种了3000万棵树, 她的事迹深深打动了菲利斯芬克拜纳。也就是说, 这位非洲杰出女性给菲利斯芬克拜纳树立了好榜样。7. The underlined phrase “getting the ball rolling” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_”. A. starting doing somethingB. offering a hand to someone in needC. de
22、veloping something rapidlyD. taking part in a ball game【解析】选A。词义猜测题。画线短语前一句说, 作为四年级学生, 菲利斯芬克拜纳他们可能并不清楚一百万是什么概念。画线后一句说, 仅仅三年后, 菲利斯和他的朋友们就种植了一百万棵树。显然, 菲利斯和他的朋友们开始了他们雄心勃勃的植树计划。由此可推测get the ball rolling的意思是“开始做某事(尤其是重大的事)”。8. What is the authors purpose in writing the text? A. To promote the Plant-for-t
23、he-Planet program. B. To report the heroic deeds of a young man. C. To raise peoples awareness of environmental protection. D. To call on more people to become ambassadors for climate justice. 【解析】选B。目的意图题。文章讲述了Plant-for-the-Planet创始人菲利斯芬克拜纳的事迹: 他要和小伙伴们一起种植1万亿棵新树。. 阅读填句(2021杭州模拟)How do you relax aft
24、er a stressful day in the office? There are many ways to help you relax. 1 It takes a little effort to get there but the benefits are great for our stressed-out lives. I am talking about the activity of forest bathing. 2It was introduced as a national health programme by the countrys government. Str
25、essed Japanese workers are today still relaxing and reconnecting with nature. The Forest Therapy Society has certified 62 forest therapy sites in the country and the forest bathing movement is also booming in other parts of the world. It says, “Just as bathing in a hot spring helps to soak your care
26、s off, going for a walk in the woods is said to have a comforting effect. ”Forest bathing is about taking time to wander through woodland with no fixed plan or route and just expose yourself to the forest atmosphere. 3 Thats particularly good for people with mental health issues. A study conducted i
27、n 24 forests across Japan found that walking among trees lowered blood pressure, the pulse rate, thus improving our immune systems. 4Another study carried out a few years ago by Stanford University in the US, found similar benefits. Brain scans showed reduced activity in an area of the brain linked
28、to the risk of mental illness in participants who took a 90-minute walk among oaks, birds and squirrels. One of the researchers, Gregory Bratman, said, “Theres an increasing body of evidence showing that natural areas benefit us at least emotionally with our mood and our physical development too. ”
29、The evidence seems clear that forest bathing is a shot in the arm for stressed-out workers. So now is the time to get out and lose yourself in the natural environment. 5A. But the best way lies in the great outdoors. B. Connecting with nature has never been more urgent. C. Forest bathing is rising i
30、n popularity around the world. D. Having this exposure to nature seems to promote well-being. E. You could even hug a tree as it could be your new best friend! F. The Japanese concept of forest bathing dates back to the 1980s. G. It also found forest bathing could decrease stress, anxiety, and depre
31、ssion. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。我们如何能够改善自己压抑的生活呢? 作者在文章中给出了建议森林浴。1. 【解析】选A。结合上文的“There are many ways to help you relax”和下文的“the activity of forest bathing”可知, 作者认为放松有很多种方式, 下文又提到 forest bathing这一户外活动, 故选A项“But the best way lies in the great outdoors”中的 the best way 呼应上文的many ways, great outdoors 可以与文章中的 the act
32、ivity of forest bathing相呼应。2. 【解析】选F。结合下文的“It was introduced. . . Stressed Japanese workers are today still. . . ”可知, 下文都在讲述森林浴的相关内容, 而这与F项“The Japanese concept of forest bathing dates back to the 1980s”(日本的森林浴概念可以追溯到20世纪80年代)相符。特别要注意关键词Japanese的匹配、空后的It指代选项中的forest bathing及文章中的 today still与选项中的date
33、s back to的呼应。3. 【解析】选D。结合上文提到的“expose yourself to the forest atmosphere”和下文的“ good for people with mental health issues”“lowered blood pressure, the pulse rate, thus improving our immune systems”可知, 森林浴让人接触森林, 体验大自然, 这也有利于身心健康。要注意文章中的 expose 与选项中的 exposure 的呼应, 且文中的“mental health”“lowered blood pres
34、sure, the pulse rate, thus improving our immune systems”与选项D中的“promote well-being”意义相符。4. 【解析】选G。根据上文的“lowered blood pressure, the pulse rate, thus improving our immune systems”可知, 森林浴能够降低血压、脉搏, 提升免疫系统能力等, 这与G项“It also found forest bathing could decrease stress, anxiety, and depression”(研究还发现森林浴可以减少
35、压力、焦虑和抑郁)语意较一致。该题要注意上文和选项中都提到了森林浴的好处, 同时也要注意lower与decrease的意义相近, 以及选项中的also所表达的上下文的承接性。选项中的It指代上文的A study, 且与下文的“Another study. . . found”呼应。因此答案选G项。5. 【解析】选E。结合上文的“The evidence. . . is the time to get out and. . . ”可知, 此处主要讲述我们需要到外面去, 拥抱大自然, 这与E项“You could even hug a tree as it could be your new be
36、st friend! ”(你甚至可以拥抱一棵树, 因为它可能是你新的最好的朋友! )的语意较一致。要注意选项中的even(甚至)的语气表示递进, 说明E项是对上文的进一步延伸, 故答案为E 项。. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The Environment Agency today is setting out 1. plan that it leads the way toward a greener, healthier future. Its new 5-year plan, EA2025, calls for a new appro
37、ach which betters health, fair and environmental improvement. By 2025 the agency aims to have created more climate adaptive places and infrastructure(基础设施), by ensuring the nation is prepared for flooding, coastal change and drought. The plan also highlights a renewed focus 2. improving the health o
38、f air, land and water for people and natureand ensuring green 3. _(grow)for a lasting future. Since lockdown began, the Environment Agency 4. (remain)fully operational, with the majority of staff 5. _(work)from home, and frontline staff remaining active on the ground handling issues such as flood ri
39、sk and pollution. Staff have been making the 6. _(good)use of technology to continue worksuch as 7. (remote) concluding legal hearings and using drones(无人机)to monitor regulated sites, and looking at how we can adopt these practices in the future to be more efficient and 8. (effect). Teams have been
40、serving equipment 9. supports public water supply, food production and river flows. The hot weather led to several fish rescues, and fisheries enforcement teams(渔业执法队)continued to investigate illegal fishing. Last month a major coastal flood defense plan 10. _(complete)which will protect more than 3
41、00 houses in West Sussex. 【文章大意】本文讲述了环境署今天正在制订一项计划, 引导人们走向更绿色、更健康的未来的具体情况。1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一个, 所以用不定冠词。2. 【解析】on/upon。考查介词。focus on是固定搭配。3. 【解析】growth。考查词性转换。作ensuring的宾语, 应用名词, 表示抽象概念, 为不可数名词。4. 【解析】has remained。考查时态和主谓一致。since常和现在完成时态连用, 主语为第三人称单数, 谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。5. 【解析】working。考查非谓语动词。with的宾语和work之
42、间是主动关系, 所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。6. 【解析】best。考查形容词最高级。make the best use of充分利用, 是固定搭配。7. 【解析】remotely。考查词性转换。修饰concluding, 应用副词。8. 【解析】effective。考查词性转换。作be 的表语, 所以用形容词。9. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。先行词为物, 在定语从句中作主语, 故填that/which。10. 【解析】was completed。考查时态和语态。根据Last month可知, 应用一般过去时态; complete和主语plan之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。
