1、课时提能练(五).阅读理解A(2021新高考八省联考卷)Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.The magician is a specially trained actor.He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.Magic shows are entertaini
2、ng as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done.The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands，on his knowledge of psychology，and，sometimes，on mechanical devices(机械装置)Since magic performance is meant to trick people，the use of psychology is important.The magician must
3、keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment.He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions.The magicians success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.Two basic magic tricks
4、 are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects.For example，the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups.The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.What actually happ
5、ens is that the magician，employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device，hides one ball.While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand.The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magicians words to notice that his other hand is
6、hiding the ball.Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something，and then make it appear whole again.What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.Then he“magically” makes it appear whole again by
7、 displaying(展示) another object that has not been cut or burned.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些魔术师表演的细节以及有关魔术的小技巧。1What is the authors main purpose in writing the text?ATo promote a magic show.BTo teach people to be magicians.CTo explain the art of magic.DTo praise the talents of magicians.C目的意图题。通过对文章主旨大意的理解
8、以及文章最后两段讲述的魔术技巧可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是解释魔术的艺术。故选C项。2Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?AMoving stage equipment.BDirecting the audiences attention.CApplying high technology.DKeeping the performance in secret.D细节理解题。通过第二段“Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does
9、 not discover how the tricks are done(只要观众不知道魔术是如何表演的，魔术表演就很有趣)”以及“The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment(魔术师必须防止人们注意到他的手的所有动作和思考他的设备的秘密部分)”可知，对演出保密对于魔术的成功很重要。故选D项。3What does the author focus on in the last
10、 two paragraphs?AProviding examples.BMaking a summary.CDrawing comparisons.DExplaining a concept.A推理判断题。通过倒数第二段“For example，the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour(例如，魔术师把一个小球放在几个杯子中的一个的下面。然后球似乎从一个杯子跳到另一个杯子或改变颜
11、色)”以及最后一段“What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else(实际发生的是，魔术师通过在观众观看其他东西时迅速隐藏它，使被切割或烧毁的物体消失)”可以推知，在文章最后两段中，作者举了两个例子。故选A项。4What can we infer from the text?AMechanical devices are expensive.BMost
12、magicians employ assistants.CIt takes practice to perform magic.DSmall objects are magicians favourite.C推理判断题。通过文章第一段“The magician is a specially trained actor(魔术师是受过专门训练的演员)”可推知，表演魔术需要练习。故选C项。B(北京市2020高考适应性测试)Growing up, Deka Ismail said she let labels define what she could be.“I was a black girl,
13、from a refugee(难民) family，” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for h
14、er future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.Born and raised in City Heights neighborhood in San Diego, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple.While some might say Dekas success happened in spite of her background, sh
15、e would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today.When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a d
16、ifference to ones life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didnt do many of the things her peers did，like partying or having romantic relationships.“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family，” Deka said. “You have to not even do your best but two times bett
17、er than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to challenge.”Dekas efforts paid off.The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted into the SEED project of the American Chemical Society. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus，” Botham, a researcher at this
18、research institute, recalled.“She arrived every day ready to work，ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves.“Dont tell yourse
19、lf that scholarship is too big or this program is too competitive or Ill never get into this school，” she said.“I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位黑人女孩德卡的故事。她出身于难民家庭，起初她接受命运带给她的标签，但她在受到鼓舞，想要追求科学事业之后，她勇往直前，最终通过不懈努力，实现
20、了梦想。5From the passage, we can learn that _.ADeka was adopted by a refugee familyBDeka spent a lot of time going to partiesCDeka became a professor after graduationDDekas experiences drove her to work hardD细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven，young scientist
21、that she is today”可知，德卡以往的经历塑造了她，激励她成为现在这样奋发努力的年轻科学家，故选D项。6Deka realized the importance of education _.Aafter her chemistry classBfrom her mothers experienceCby reading books in the libraryDthrough working at the instituteB细节理解题。根据第四段中的“her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order t
22、o support the whole family.That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to ones life”可知，德卡从她母亲的经历意识到教育的重要性，故选B项。7According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be _.ApatientBconfidentCambitiousDgenerousB推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves”可知，
23、德卡告诫大家不要低估自己，也就是要对自己有信心，故选B项。8What does the story intend to tell us?ALife is not all roses.BPractice makes perfect.CWell begun is half done.DHard work leads to success.D主旨大意题。本文讲述了黑人女孩德卡通过不懈努力实现梦想的故事，故D项(勤奋使人通往成功)适合作本文的标题。文章倒数第二段第一句“Dekas efforts paid off.”意为“德卡的努力得到了回报”，也对该题起到了很好的提示作用。C(山东省枣庄市2020届
24、高三模拟考试(二调)“The moment before they called my name, I was really nervous because the other finalists presentations were really good and I thought they would win，” Kara Fan, who has won Americas Top Young Scientist, told Yahoo Finance. “When they announced my name, I was really surprised actually.”To w
25、in that claim, Fans nano particle liquid bandage had to surpass the experiments of hundreds of fifth to eighth graders as well as nine other finalists. Fan started developing her liquid bandage in April 2019 to fight the overuse of antibiotics (抗生素)According to the Centres for Disease Control and Pr
26、evention ( CDC)，roughly 2 million people every year suffer a bacterial infection in the US. and about 23,000 passed away as a result. If left alone, a UN. study reported, drugresistant diseases or the “superbug” could lead to 10 million deaths across the globe by 2050. When Fans sprayable bandage dr
27、ies on a persons skin, it creates a thin layer that protects the wounded area while breaking the cell wall and killing the bacteria on the skin.After experimenting with copper nitrate (硝酸铜) to fight bacteria, switching to the silver nitrate ended up being the major catalyst(促进因素) for seeing results
28、of her awardwinning project.“Thousands of years ago, ancient people would use copper and silver to eat and they would drink water from something like copper bowls to kill bacteria.” Fan explained，“I found out that it didnt work. So I used nano silver.”Sir Alexander Flemings discovery of penicillin (
29、青霉素)a type of antibiotic is Fans favorite scientific discovery. Having said that，she doesnt think humans should rely too heavily on penicillin.Following her years at Westview High School, Fan hopes to continue her biology track at Stanford University. Along with the $25,000 cash prize she won on Oct
30、ober 29, becoming Americas Top Young Scientist may help get the private universitys attention.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍卡拉范获得了全美青少年科学家竞赛奖。她发明了纳米液体绷带，以解决抗生素过度使用的问题。9How did Kara Fan feel about her winning the prize?AConfident.BRegretful.CProud.DUnexpected.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When they announced my name，I was rea
31、lly surprised actually.”可知，当宣布获奖者名字时，卡拉范很吃惊，故选D项。unexpected意为“意外的”。10For what purpose did Fan develop her liquid bandage?ATo fight overuse of antibiotics.BTo enter a national contest.CTo reduce deaths from injuries.DTo get into a good university.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的to fight the overuse of antibiotics可
32、知，范研究液体绷带是为了应对抗生素的过度使用问题。故选A项。11Which of the following does Fan use to kill bacteria?ACopper nitrate.BCopper.CSilver.DNano silver.D细节理解题。根据题干中的kill bacteria可将答案定位到文章第四段。根据该段中的“I found out that it didnt work.So I used nano silver.”可知，范使用纳米银来杀死病菌，故选D项。12What might be Fans opinion about penicillin?AAdd
33、ictive.BValuable.CUseless.DIrreplaceable.B推理判断题。根据题干中的penicillin可将答案定位到倒数第二段。根据该段中的“Sir Alexander Flemings discovery of penicillina type of antibioticis Fans favorite scientific discovery.”可推知，范认为青霉素是有价值的，故选B项。.阅读七选五(重庆市2020届第一次诊断性考试)People refuse to change the things they hate because theyre afraid
34、. Once you let go of your fears, youll realize that whatever happens, youll be OK and be able to create a better, happier life for yourself. 1 Make a list of the things you hate in your life. Be specific. Dont say “I hate my job”， but instead list the details you hate about it, such as your schedule
35、s, the pay or your coworkers. Do the same for other areas of your life. 2 If you hate your body, your lack of selfrespect or the way you interact with others, include those in your list as well. 3 For example, you can ask for a raise, start looking for a new job or work on a better relationship with
36、 your coworkers. If you feel overwhelmed, start with smaller steps, such as listing the positive aspects of the things you hate. You might hate your job, but you also have a firm monthly salary and medical benefits.Let go of the past. You might not be able to forgive your parents or the friend that
37、hurt you, but you dont need to let the pain rule your life. Katie Byron, author of Loving What Is: Four Questions That Can Change Your Life, emphasizes the importance of accepting that certain things cannot be changed. 4 Keep a “Thank You” journal. 5 Every day, try to find some things youre grateful
38、 for. It can be something as simple as somebody giving you his/her seat on the bus or opening the door for you. Or it can be a compliment or an email from a friend. Focusing on the positive things will make it easier to see that good things are also part of your life.ADont look only outside your lif
39、e.BA good change is as good as a rest.CBut how can you stop hating your life?DList positive things you can do to change.ENever trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.FThis will help you focus on the positive things in your life.GInstead, focus on the present and what you can do to make your life
40、 better.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述人们通常不愿改变自己对于厌恶的事物的固有印象，往往是因为人们害怕做出这种改变。如果你试着放下自己的恐惧，就会发现你能够通过这种改变为自己创造更幸福的人生。文章就此给出了几点建议。1C逻辑推断。上文讲到，一旦你放下了恐惧，你就会意识到，无论发生什么，你都会没事的，并且能够为自己创造更好、更幸福的人生。下文给出了一些建议。结合选项可知，C项(但是你如何才能不再厌恶生活呢？)符合此处语境，起到承上启下的过渡作用。2A语境推断。上文讲到，具体罗列出在生活中不喜欢的东西，而不是笼统的一大类事物，结合上文的“your schedules，the pay
41、 or your coworkers”以及“Do the same for other areas of your life.”和下文的your lack of selfrespect or the way you interact with others可知，A项(不要只看你生活之外的东西)符合语境。3D语境推断。根据设空处所在位置和其他段落的结构可知，设空处应为本段主旨句。根据下文的举例可知，本段谈论的是积极主动地做一些自己能做的改变，例如要求上调工资、找一份新工作或者和你的同事更好地相处。故D项(列出你可以做的积极的事情以改变现状)符合语境。4G语境推断。根据本段第一句和上文内容可知，本段建议放下过去。上文讲到，凯蒂拜伦强调了接受某些事实不可改变这一观念的重要性。结合选项可知，G项(相反，把注意力集中在现在，专注于你能做的事，使你的生活更美好)符合语境。G项中用Instead与上文构成转折关系。5F语境推断。本段的主旨句是“Keep aThank You journal.(写感恩日记)”。结合常识和选项可知，F项(这能够帮助你将注意力集中在你生活中积极的事情上)符合语境。F项中的This指的就是“写感恩日记”这件事。
