1、选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity Period2 Language pointsTeaching goals教学目标1. Target language 目标语言重点词汇和短语population, means, majority, mix, nationality, by means of, fight against, make a life, keep up 重点句子 Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. Howe
2、ver, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or secondlanguage. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail netwo
3、rk from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to master the language points in
4、 the reading part. 3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the students learn the use of the important words and expressions Teaching important points 教学重点Get the students to master the important words and phrases.Teaching difficult points教学难点Get the students to understand the sentences. Teaching methods
5、教学方法Study individually, practice in groups.Teaching aids教具准备A computer and a recorder.Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step words and phrases 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. population(1) 对人口提问用what, 不用 how many, how much。e.g. Whats the population
6、of the city? 这个城市有多少人口？(2) population作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。e.g. The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国人口比美国人口多。 80% of the population are farmers. 百分之80的人口是农民。(3) 人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和fall (decrease); 人口的多少用large和small。 2. Scientists believe that these settlers cross
7、ed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的一条大陆桥穿越北 极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。a. 本句的主句是Scientists believe，从句是that引导的宾语从句。b. 宾语从句中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词_。land bridgemeans n. 方式, 手段(单复数相同)。e.g. The quickest means of travel is by pl
8、ane. Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked. Are there any possible means of getting there? Some means are practical while others are not. 联想记忆：1) by no means 决不，一点也不 e.g. She is by no means poor; in fact, she is very rich.2) by this means (in this way) 用这种方式 by means of 用方式 e.g. H
9、e succeeded by means of hard work.3) by all means 当然可以, 没问题e.g. - Can I see it? - By all means.3. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, majority n. 大多数 e.g. The majority were / was for the plan. 1) the majority of the people: most of the people 大多数人2) majority常与a
10、 /the 连用; most后接名词或 of + n.e.g. The majority of the people / Most people/ Most of the people are against the idea of building a new factory here. 单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。a / the majority of + n. 后可用不可数名词，也可用可数名词复数，谓语动词由后面的名词决定。 The majority _ for the budget. was/ wereThe majority of stude
11、nts _ hard-working. are The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. Is4. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land. 16世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。辨析: fight for, fight against & fight withfight for
12、为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)e.g. They are fighting for freedom. 他们正为自由而战。fight against (可用with) the enemy “为反对而斗争”；接人和国家名词， 意思是“与战斗”fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战5. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 有的人死了，有的人回家了，但是大部分人留在了加利福尼亚，尽管
13、遇到了很大的困难，也开始了新的生活。make a life 开始新的生活e.g. They go to big cities to make a life.关于 life的短语：earn / make / get a living 谋生lead / live a . life 过着.的生活6. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, 人们认为很快民族就会大融合在
14、一起，从而没有了非常明显的主要种族或文化群体之分。分析 a. it is believed that . 表示“人们认为 ”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。b. so . that . 如此以至于，其中 that引导结果状语从句。mix vt. / vi. 混合、掺和 (combine so that they cant be separated)mix A with B 1) He mixed red paint with yellow paint to make orange paint. 2) It is better to mix work with pleasu
15、re. 3) Oil doesnt mix with water. 联想记忆： mixture n. 混合物 mixed adj. 混合的, 复杂的, 男女混合的e.g. The city is a mixture of ancient and modern buildings. Hearing the news, I had mixed feelings. A mixed society includes people of different classes, tastes, etc. nationality 国籍, 民族 1) What is your nationality? Im C
16、hinese.2) to take American nationality 加入美国国籍7. , which today still keeps up their Danish culture.阅读下列句子，观察keep up在句中的意思。1) Today the people in the village still keep up their original culture. 沿袭（风俗、传统等）2) The snowstorm kept up for five days. 保持，持续3) Those houses are so strongly built that they wou
17、ld keep up even in a violent earthquake. 保住4) I see youre getting along well with your English studies. Splendid! You must keep up the good work. 坚持，维持联想keep up with 跟上，不落在后面；了解；保持联系keep off 挡住；（使）避开 keep on 继续（干）；坚持（干）They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.爬山的时候，他们跟不上我们。She hel
18、d an old piece of cloth over them both to keep the rain off.她把一块旧布料披在他们身上挡雨。You just have to keep on trying.Step II Sentences 1. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 分析 a. 本句是一个主从复合句, 也是个倒装句。b. 主句是 _, 从句是when引导的宾语从句。no one really knows c. 在宾语从
19、句中, what引导的从句作介词in的宾语。考点 exactly精确地，恰好，完全。可构成not exactly，表示“一点也不，不完全是”。2. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 考点 此句中的it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that从句。另外, what, how, where, who等也常用作主语从句的引导词。 3. That is why today over 40% of Californians s
20、peak Spanish as a first or second language. 考点 why在此引导表语从句。表语从句也可由what, where, when等引导。 4. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 虽然中
21、国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了, 但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。 点拨 此句为主从复合句, 从句为although引导的让步状语从句, 主句为 it was . that强调句, 用来强调主语the building of .。如： It was being invited to the party that was a great honor to the family. 被邀请参加聚会是这家人的荣幸。强调句: It is (was) 被强调部分+that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。 原句：My
22、father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when) 强调地
23、点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.5. In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. 最近几十年, 加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲人的家, 其中包括韩国人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。 这是一个简单句。句中有in the past few years, in recent ye
24、ars等时间状语时, 句子的谓语动词通常用现在完成时，如: In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另外, including是介词, 意为“包括 (于之中)”。Step III Exercises 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 写出各单词的正确形式。1. What n_ are you? I am Chinese.2. Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The _ (大多数) were against it.3. T
25、he Taiwan _ (海峡) separates Taiwan Island from the mainland.4. _ (移民) in the 1980s was very high.5. Radio and television are important m_ of communication.6. The unemployment _ (百分比) keeps rising.7. R_ (种族的) conflicts still exist in many countries.Keys: nationality, majority, Strait, Immigration, mea
26、ns, percentage, Racial, II. 用所给词组的适当形式填空。make a life by means of declare war onfight against keep up settle in be forced into doing1. He crossed the river _ a raft.2. She hopes to _ from writing childrens books.3. I _ taking a taxi because the last bus had left.4. They _ the enemy bravely to gain th
27、eir freedom.5. Were a little disorganized after the move, but do come and see us when weve_.6. Lets hope the sunny weather _ for Sundays football match.7. Germany _ France on 3rd August 1914.Keys: by means of, make a life, was forced into, fought against, settled in, keeps up / will keep up, declare
28、d war on根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 现在的人，大部分似乎喜欢玩电脑而不喜欢看电视。(a majority of )2. 很有可能他不会按时参加晚会。(It is likely that .)3. 大家都相信汉语将会在全世界得到更广泛的传播。(It is believed that .)4. 最快的交通工具是飞机。(means)Keys:1. A majority of people today seem to prefer playing computer to watching TV.2. It is likely that he will not take part in the party on time.3. It is believed that Chinese will be spread even more widely in the world.4. The quickest means of travel is by plane.Step IV HomeworkReview the important words and phrases we have learnt today.