1、选修八 Unit2 CloningPeriod4 Using languageTeaching goals 教学目标Integrating skills and writing.1.Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇debate, issue, competition, in charge, topic, argument, reply to, summarize, profitable, donate, existence, embryo, justified, transfer, ethically.b. 重点句子I suggest that medical cloni
2、ng is very important of curing serious illnesses that at present have no cure.I would like to suggest that medical cloning is not as simple as issue as my colleague claims.2. Ability goals能力目标 Activate the students to show their opinions about the cloning.Enable the students to write an article on t
3、his debate.3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to organize a debate and how to write a short composition of the debate.Teaching important and difficult points教学重难点 How to organize the debating materials.How to write a short composition of the debate.How to write a report.Teachin
4、g methods教学方法Task-based teaching method.Teaching aids教学准备A computer and a projector.Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式 Step RevisionCheck the homework and ask the students to speak out their opinion about the medical cloning.Step Reading taskT: Homework check is over. Please turn to page 58. Today we
5、 will make a debate. To begin with, I want to ask you what your opinion about debate is, have you seen any TV debates?S: Yeah, we have seen college students debate on TV.S2: I know in a debate there is one chairperson some-times two, four members each group, two leading debaters.T: You are right. Do
6、 you want to know more details about a debate?S: Yeah.Ask the students to read the debate rules.T: OK. Stop reading. Here are some questions for you. Question 1: What is the definition of debate?Ss: A debate is an activity in which students can discuss two sides of an issue. There is a chairperson t
7、o charge it.T: Question 2: Tell me the process of a debate in your own words.S: The leading debater who supports the topic speaks first, then another one who disagrees with the topic speaks, then other people take turns to give a free discussion. Towards the end of the debate, the last speaker of ea
8、ch side will summarize the arguments that have been made to support their point of view.T: Excellent, thanks for your answer. In our textbook there is an example of debate, read the topic carefully and discuss the questions with your partner. And I will divide you into two teams. One side agrees wit
9、h the medical cloning and the other side is against the medical cloning.Then show the questions. Give students 6 minutes to prepare their answers.Team A: 1. Whats their argument? 2. Two reasons for medical cloning. 3. Do you agree with them? Why?Team B: 1. Whats their argument? 2. Two reasons agains
10、t medical cloning. 3. Do you agree with them? Why?Sample answers: Team A: Q1: They support the idea that there should be medical cloning. Q2: a. There is no danger of the body refusing to accept the new calls. b. Patients can be treated immediately. Q3. Yes, I agree with them. Because the medical cl
11、oning can help our human beings to cure many diseases. With the help of the cloning techniques, people can be restored to perfect health and be able to live a good life.No, I disagree with them. I think all animals including human beings are natural things on the earth. We should not damage this nat
12、ural rule.Team B: Q1. They disagree that there should be medical cloning. Q2. a. It brings many ethical problems. b. Many scientists are also worried about the efficiency of the system. Q3. Yes, I agree with them. Because the medical cloning brings many serious problems to our human beings. We must
13、be very cautious about cloning until these problems are solved.No, I disagree with them. Because all of us want to lead a meaningful life. We should try our best to realize our dream. Step Speaking taskT: Just now, we learned how to organize a debate, now its our turn to continue the debate. The top
14、ic of our debate is “should we clone?” Now choose the team you agree with.Divide the whole class into four groups, two agree and two disagree.T: To begin this debate, I will give you some information about clone. You can choose what you need. During the speech, you can make notes so that you do not
15、forget what you want to say. In our debate the person who speaks last must summarize your ideas. Here are some tips for you.Show the following. Center on the subject of the debate.Organize main ideas that support your point of view.List your own ideas.Make a conclusion.Ask the students to read the f
16、ollowing informationShow the following. Why should we use cloning?The goals and purposes for cloning range from making copies of those that have deceased to better engineering the offspring in humans and animals. Cloning could also directly offer a means of curing diseases or a technique that could
17、extend means to acquiring new data for the sciences of embryology and how organisms develop as a whole over time. Currently, the agricultural industry demands nuclear transfer to produce better livestock. Cloning could massively improve the agricultural industry as the technique of nuclear transfer
18、improves. The goal of transgenic livestock is to produce livestock with ideal characteristics for the agricultural industry and to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans. Researchers can harvest and grow adult cells in large amounts compared to embryos. Scientists can
19、 then genetically alter these cells and find which ones did transform and then clone only those cells.Scientists also ponder the idea of cloning endangered species to increase their population. The possibilities are endless. However, we are actually doing much of this research for the improvement of
20、 life for humans. Scientists foresee the cloning of pigs that will produce organs that will not be rejected by humans. Cloning also provides better research capabilities for finding cures to many diseases. There are also possibilities that nuclear transfer could provide benefits to those who would l
21、ike children. For instance, couples who are infertile, or have genetic disorders, could use cloning to produce a child. Equally important, women who are single could have a child using cloning instead of in-vitro fertilization or artificial insemination. Cloning could also provide a copy of a child
22、for a couple whose child had died.Why should we not use cloning?The biggest problem with the use of cloning on a large scale is the decline in genetic diversity. Think about it, if everyone has the same genetic material, what happens if we lose the ability to clone. We would have to resort to natura
23、l reproduction, causing us to inbreed, which will cause many problems. Also, if a population of organisms has the same genetic information, then the disease would wipe out the entire population. Helping endangered species by cloning will not help the problem. Currently, zoologists and environmentali
24、sts trying to save endangered species are not so much having trouble keeping population numbers up, but not having any animals to breed that are not cousins. The technique of nuclear transfer is also early in its developmental stages. Thus, errors are occurring when scientists carry out the procedur
25、e. For instance, it took 277 tries to produce Dolly, and Roslin scientists produced many lambs with abnormalities. If we tried to clone endangered species we could possibly kill the last females integral to the survival of a species. This may be the main reason science is holding out on cloning huma
26、ns.Other arguments for cloning include if we are taking nature into our own hands by cloning animals or people. People question when we will draw the line for getting involved in natural events. Religious organizations consider nuclear transfer to cause men to be reproductively obsolete. This claim
27、was deduced by gathering of the information that cloning requires only oocytes, any cell, and a woman to develop in. They also claim that cloning does not respect the fact that humans have souls. They also consider cloning unnatural, and say we are taking the work of God into our own hands. There is
28、 also a debate as to the moral rights of clones. Some say their rights will be defied because clones are not granted the birth of newness. We would not receive clones with such excitement as a child of a couple who conceived naturally. If natural reproduction were to occur, genetic variation would o
29、ccur. They say cloning would deprive a person of uniqueness. They argue that identical twins are not unique from each other, but that they are new in genetic variation and unique from anything that came before them. People also wonder what mental and emotional problems would result if a clone was to
30、 find out that he or she was cloned. Then give students 10 minutes to prepare, everyone finds their roles in the debate. As a chairperson, the teacher is in charge of the debate. Ask the students to do as follows:First leading speaker gives an argument.Then others give speech freely.Last the fourth
31、speaker gives a summary.Chairperson: From our debate, we really can learn much. All of you have performed well. Whether can we clone? This is a long term argument. To me, if people can use this method properly, its really useful, but if we use it in other ways, it can bring us disaster. Sample notes
32、: arguments for cloning 1) Cloning will be beneficial to humans. For example, if a couple cant have children, cloning could help give them a child; 2) we could use cloning to cure illnesses. arguments against cloning 1) health risks from mutation of genes; 2) emotional risks; 3) risk of abuse of the
33、 technology; 4) against nature; 5) cloned animals get ill and die quite young; 6) people are afraid of that scientists will create thousands of copies of the same person; 7) Cloning is dangerous because scientists my create monsters by mistake.Sample speech 1: The topic of my speech is: Cloning shou
34、ld be banned. If I had the power, I would ban cloning for several reasons. Firstly, it is against nature and dangerous. Any living things have life and death recycle periods, which promote the evolution of life. The cloning technique is extremely risky right now. An abnormal baby would be a nightmar
35、e come true. And people are worried about the possibility that the genetic material used from the adult will continue to age so that the genes in a newborn baby clone could be 30 years old or more on the day of birth. Also monsters may be created by mistake. According to a survey, 29 European countr
36、ies do not permit medical cloning. Secondly, people are afraid of that scientists will create thousands of copies of the same person. There are powerful leaders in every generation who will seek to abuse this technology for their own purposes. Going ahead with cloning technology makes this far more
37、likely. What would happen if Hitler was cloned? That would mean more severe disasters and destruction upon human civilization. Thirdly, cloning will result in high emotional risks. Just think: a child grows up knowing her mother is her sister, her grandmother is her mother. Her father is her brother
38、-in-law. Every time her mother looks at her she is seeing herself growing up. The family environment and relationship will be totally different. What kind of pressures will the child feel?All in all, I would determinedly ban cloning if I had the power. Sample speech 2: The topic of my speech is: Clo
39、ning should be encouraged As for myself, I would encourage cloning. There are several reasons. Firstly, cloning will be beneficial to humans. For example, if a couple cant have children, cloning could help give them a child. Secondly, we could use cloning to cure illnesses. For example, if there is
40、something wrong with some part of a human body, we could clone a healthy one to replace it. For another, if a child is seriously ill or disabled, we could clone another one. According to a survey, 67% of over 1,000 people want medical cloning to continue in America. And in Britain and China medical
41、cloning has been allowed. Thirdly, clone technology could be used in other ways. For example, we can save the endangered animals by cloning. In a word, cloning technology has a promising future. I would encourage it if I had enough power. Step WritingT: Imagine that you are the reporter on a local n
42、ewspaper and you have been asked to write an article on this debate. To do this you must mention both sides of the argument. Remember to make a large main heading and then a small heading below it. Write around 250 words. Organize your writing in this way:Paragraph 1: the topic of the debate and who
43、 wonParagraph 2: the ideas of the winning side Paragraph 3: the ideas of the other sideParagraph 4: conclusion and your reaction to the debate, together with any idea you feel they left outA sample version:Should Medical Cloning be AllowedA debate between Beijing Normal University and Nanjing Univer
44、sityIn December 26th 2005, there is a debate between Beijing Normal University and Nanjing University. The two teams began their argument about the cloning techniques. The topic of this compotation is: Should medical cloning be allowed? After the fierce debate, Beijing Normal University the positive
45、 side win this compotation.The view of the positive side is: there should be medical cloning. The view of the negative side is: there should not be medical cloning.This debate is very successful. As the coin has two sides, every technology can bring the advantages to our society, and also can bring
46、the negative effects to our human beings. So when we judge a new technology good or not good, we should look at whether there are more advantages than its disadvantages or not. If we use it in a proper way it can benefit our human beings a lot.Step HomeworkT: Now youve known how to make a debate. Wh
47、y dont you arrange one with your classmates? Choose whichever topic interests you but make sure that it is popular topic. Organize it as you have been shown in this unit. Enjoy the argument and let the better side win!Teacher can give the students some issues to infer:Should students use phones in schools?Should students wear school clothes?Should senior 3 students have PE class?Protect ourselves first or save others first?Save money or pre-consume?Should students have extra-class during their holiday?
