1、专题四形容词和副词考点一形容词和副词的类别及句法功能1形容词可分为定语形容词和表语形容词，常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。The boy is still asleep.小男孩仍然在睡觉。The old man was alone in the house.老人一个人待在房子里。2副词一般分为时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、关系、连接副词等。(1)时间副词。如：now，usually，often，always等。(2)地点副词。如：here，there，ou
2、t，everywhere等。(3)方式副词。如：hard，well，fast，slowly等。(4)程度副词。如：very，much，still，almost等。(5)疑问副词。如：how，when，why，where等。(6)关系副词。如：when，where，why等。(7)连接副词。如：whether，why，when，how等。Mike was usually so careful，yet this time he made a small mistake.迈克通常很仔细，但这次他犯了个小错误。Jim went to answer the phone.Meanwhile，Harry s
3、tarted to prepare lunch.吉姆去接电话。在这期间，哈里去准备午饭。When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有决定。3冠词和形容词连用的句型。(1)the形容词原级，指一类人或物。the old/poor/rich/disabled(2)the形容词比较级，指两者中“较的”那一个。the younger of the two(3)a/an形容词比较级。The pen is expensive.I want a cheaper one.(4)amost形容词原级，表示最高级，意为“非常”。a most beautiful city
4、易错警示1作表语时主语不能是指人的形容词。如：(in)convenient，difficult，necessary，pleasant等。2以ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly等。3仅作定语的形容词。如：little，many，live，only，elder等。4意义有别的同根副词close接近地closely仔细地hard努力地hardly几乎不late晚；迟lately近来wide广阔地widely广泛地high高highly高度地deep深deeply(抽象意义的)深 考点二倍数表达法常见的倍数句型主要有：1A is倍数比较级t
5、hanB2A is倍数as原级asB3A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB4A is倍数thatofB5A is倍数what引导的名词性从句Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost twice as much as his.彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是价钱却是他的两倍。Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。
6、Smoking is harmful to peoples health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟对人的健康有害，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。The output of cars in 2016 is four times greater than that of 2012.2016年小轿车的产量是2012年的4倍。考点三原级、比较级和最高级(一)基本用法1两者相比(甲乙)，用“as原级as”表示。For cheerleaders，their sport is just
7、 as serious as baseball or football.易错警示在同等比较级中，若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词，其语序为：asadj.an.as。I have never had as boring a day as today.2两者相比(甲乙)，用“not as/so原级as”表示。Unfortunately，my wife isnt so fond of them as I am.3两者相比(甲乙)，用“比较级than”表示，(甲乙)用“less原级than”表示。Seeking information on the Internet is more convenien
8、t than searching in a library.4三个或三个以上的人或事物比较，表示最高程度时，用“the最高级比较范围”表示。During the 1990s，Michael Jordan was probably the best known basketball player in the world.(二)特殊用法1“比较级and比较级”和“more and more原级”表示“越来越”，其反义词组为“less and less原级”。In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent.
9、2“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，就越”。The more upset I got，the less I was able to concentrate.3“more原级than”表示“与其说不如说”。The girl was more frightened than hurt.4“more than主语can谓语”表示“非所能；不能”。The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.5形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Of the two sisters，Mary is the clevere
10、r.易错警示有时形容词最高级前不用the，句中的most相当于very，意为“非常；十分”。I am most happy to get your email.(三)比较级表示最高级1在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义：比较级thanChina is larger than any other country in Asia.2never.a形容词比较级单数名词。I have never heard a better voice.易错警示以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级：relative，absolute，perfect，entire，senior，golden
11、，afraid，unique，present，simply，right，wrong，sure，round，empty，wonderful等。核心考点针对练.单句语法填空1(2017江西红色七校一联)He sat down and started (gentle)talking to the dog.2(2017双流中学3月月考)Poor student behaviour seems to be an (increase) widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for thi
12、s.3(2017山东下学期综合测试) (similar)，when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool，he forgot to return it，too.4(2017泰安一模)A wise man came along and asked them，“Oh，my dear friends，why are you crying？”“We were ten but now we are only nine，”they replied，and cried even (hard)5(
13、2017凉山州二次诊断)And if he wants to live (comfort)，he has to work.6(2017汕头二模)My aunt advised that I needed to go to hospital，and the treatment she provided gave my parents (value)time to take me to the hospital.7(2017江西师大附中、鹰潭一中4月联考)We will give 99% of our Facebook sharescurrently about $45 billionto adv
14、ance this (value)mission.8(2017山东下学期综合测试)Ron had a (success)career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.9(2017青岛质检)As they couldnt play outdoors，they were (happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time. 【导学号：34802188】10(2017山西协作体二模)I had the (mean)mother in the wor
15、ld.【答案】1gently句意：他坐了下来开始温柔地和狗谈了起来。此处需用副词gently作talking的状语。2increasingly句意：学生糟糕的行为似乎成了一个越来越普遍的问题，我认为这种现象是现代生活方式造成的。设空处要用副词来修饰形容词widespread。increasingly越来越多地。3Similarly句意：同样，当Ron Webster从利物浦大学图书馆借书时，他也忘记还书了。副词similarly置于句首修饰整个句子。4harder句意：一位智者走了过来，问道：“噢，我亲爱的朋友们，你们为什么哭啊？”“我们本来10个人，可现在我们只有9个人了。”他们回答道，甚至
16、哭得更厉害了。根据句意以及设空处前的even可知此处需用副词的比较级形式作cried的状语。5comfortably句意：并且如果想过得安逸，他就得工作。此处需用副词修饰动词live。6valuable句意：我姑姑建议我得去住院，她给我提供的治疗给了我父母宝贵的时间将我送去了医院。名词time前需用形容词作定语，故答案为valuable。7valuable句意：为了推动此项有价值的任务，我们将给出我们脸书股份的99%目前大约450亿美元。名词前需用形容词作定语，故答案为valuable。8successful句意：在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。名词career前需用
17、形容词作定语，故答案为successful。9unhappy句意：由于他们不能去外面玩，所以他们不高兴，甚至有些孩子不断地打架斗殴。根据上下文逻辑可推知设空处应为形容词unhappy(不高兴)作表语。10meanest句意：我有一个世界上最小气的母亲。根据上下文及设空处前的the可推知设空处为形容词最高级，故答案为meanest。.单句改错1(2017龙岩3月质检)I could not stay calmly and shouted rudely at him. 2(2017中原名校联盟4月仿真)When I was a kid，my friend Liz became very sicke
18、r. 3(2017黄冈3月质检)Although I was later for school today，I felt very proud of what I had done. 4(2017湖北七市3月联考)I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it，but theres no need to feel too sadly. 5(2017温州联考)To my greatly relief，he brought text books with him and helped me with my lessons. 6(2017
19、山东实验中学一模)Anyway，Im great grateful to you for your kind invitation. 7(2017南平3月质检)She treats him so good. 8(2017焦作一模)It was extreme cold last Monday morning. 【答案】1calmlycalm句意：我没能保持镇定并向他粗鲁地喊了起来。stay在本句中为系动词，后需加形容词作表语。2sickersick句意：当我小的时候，我的朋友Liz病得很厉害。副词very修饰形容词原级，故将sicker改为sick。3laterlate句意：虽然今天我上学迟到
20、了，但我为我所做的感到非常骄傲。be late for意为“迟到了”。4sadlysad句意：我充分理解我们为什么对此感到不舒服，但我们没有必要感到太悲伤。feel作系动词，后需加形容词作表语。5greatlygreat名词(relief)需用形容词修饰，故将greatly改为great。6greatgreatly句意：尽管如此，对于你的热情邀请我深表感谢。需用副词修饰形容词，故将great改为greatly。7goodwell句意：她对待他如此之好。需用副词作treats的状语。8extremeextremely句意：上周一早上极冷。cold为形容词，故应用副词修饰形容词。高考题型综合练.语
21、法填空Officials in Taiwan plan to change the admissions test to also examine imagination and the ability to innovate.The Education Department wants 1 (encourage)young Taiwanese to innovate.There is growing concern 2 younger people are afraid of the risk of starting a company or 3 (invent)something.Howe
22、ver，the new admissions policy 4 (take)effect in 2018.It will include personal interviews with students who are interested.The Education Department wants high school graduates to show they distinguish themselves outside 5 class.Chang Wei chun is 6 thirdyear law student at Ming Chuan University in Tai
23、pei.The student said Taiwans educational reforms should be carried into 7 (high)education.The student said，“Many students will not risk doing inventive work because their university education remains 8 (tradition)”Taiwan is dependent 9 (large)on hightech exports.The Swiss Business School，Internation
24、al Institute for Management Development(IMD)made a list of the most competitive 10 (country)and regions in 2014.Taiwan was number 13，but Singapore was number 3 and Hong Kong was number 4.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。台湾地区决定从2018年开始采用新的大学录取政策，该政策的实施有助于培养学生的创新意识。1to encourage考查不定式。根据语境分析，鼓励年轻的台湾人去开拓创新是台湾地区教育主管部门想要去做
25、的事情，故want之后应用不定式短语作宾语。2that考查连词。“There is growing concern”表示日益高涨的关注，此结构中的concern为名词，其后跟that引导的同位语从句，解释说明该名词。3inventing考查动名词。由并列连词or前面的“starting a company”即可推断出，此处应该是动名词短语，与“starting a company”同作介词of的宾语。故填inventing。4will take考查时态。根据语境，特别是下文的时间状语“in 2018”分析，此处该用一般将来时。故填will take。5of考查介词。此处应填of与前后词一起构成
26、outside of class短语，即“课堂之外”。6a考查不定冠词。thirdyear law表示“三年级法律系”，作定语修饰student，thirdyear并没有强调序数，而是表示泛指，故应填a。7higher考查形容词比较级。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示这位学生直言台湾地区的教育改革应进入一个更高级别的教育层面。故用形容词high的比较级。8traditional考查词形转换。空格前面的系动词remains表明此处应用形容词作表语，故填入所给名词的形容词形式traditional。9largely考查词形转换。根据语境和句子结构即可分析，此处应填修饰形容词dependent的副词la
27、rgely。10countries考查名词单复数。由上文的关键信息“a list of”和下文的regions以及列举的“Taiwan.Singapore.Hong Kong”即可分析，此处该填名词复数countries。.短文改错 Earthquakes cannot be predicted and can occur at any times.Earthquakes are always changed.Twostory apartment buildings may be safe if they are good built.The best way endure an earthq
28、uake safely is to follow earthquake safety tips.When the earthquake happens，do not attempt to escape from the twostory building，even if you only had a short distance to go.Chances are that you will be injured.Immediately hide underneath a table and a desk and cover your eyes with your hands.If you a
29、re in bed，cover your head with a pillow and stay in there.If a fire alarm sound，leave the building as soon as possibly.Take the nearest stairway to exit the building.【答案】Earthquakes cannot be predicted and can occur at any .Earthquakes are always .Twostory apartment buildings may be safe if they are
30、 built.The best way endure an earthquake safely is to follow earthquake safety tips.When earthquake happens，do not attempt to escape from the twostory building，even if you only a short distance to go.Chances are that you will be injured.Immediately hide underneath a table a desk and cover your eyes with your hands.If you are in bed，cover your head with a pillow and stay there.If a fire alarm ，leave the building as soon as .Take the nearest stairway to exit the building.