1、陕西省西北工业大学附属中学2019届高三英语第十二次适应性训练试题（含解析）第 I 卷 (满分100分)第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers doing now?A. Listening to the radio.B. Having a class.C. Attending
2、a concert.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】What is the woman planning to do?A. Buy some clothes.B. Get a haircut.C. Go to the mans home.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Whats the man doing?A. Apologizing to the womanB. Criticizing the woman.C. Arguing with the woman.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题
3、，解析略。4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】How late is the woman?A. More than an hour.B. An hour.C. 45 minutes.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Why doesnt the man go out with his friends?A. He doesnt like going out.B. Things are expensive.C. He has no time.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节 (共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对
4、话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】6. Whats Jennys problem?A. She dislikes history class.B. She does poorly in her tests.C. She does badly in assignments.7. Whats the probable relationship bet
5、ween the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.【答案】6. B 7. C【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】8. How did the man first hear about the football match?A. On the radio.B. On TV.C. From the woman.9. When will the football match be held?A. On the 4thB. On the 2
6、1st.C. On the 28th.10. What does the woman offer to do for the man?A. Buy him dinner.B. Buy him a ticket.C. Help him study.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11. What is Amazon Tree Houses?A. It is a hotel.B. It is a program.C. It is a company.12. Why is the woman i
7、nterested in the article?A. She wants to travel in Amazon.B. She wants to run a tree house hotel.C. She wants to live in a tree house.13. What does the man think of the womans plan?A. Not practical.B. Quite good.C. Just so-so.【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14.
8、 Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a cinema.B. In a grocery.C. In a bookstore.15. When did popcorn grow more popular?A. In 1621.B. In the 1930s.C. In 1947.16. What are the speakers talking about?A. The function of popcorn on films.B. The various uses of popcorn.C. The brief hist
9、ory of popcorn.【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17. What material was the valuable penny from the talk made of?A. Copper.B. Silver.C. Steel.18. What caused pennies to be made differently in 1943?A. World War II.B. The cost of metal.C. Collectors taste.19. Why was
10、the coin so interesting and valuable to the collector?A. It was from Philadelphia.B. It was unique.C. It once belonged to Lincoln.20. What kinds of collectible items are worth the most?A. Rare ones.B. Old ones.C. Ones from the war.【答案】17. A 18. A 19. B 20. A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，20小题，每题2
11、分，满分40分)第一节 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AThe critics top four books of 2018 are based on Christmas selections in national newspapers, the London Evening Standard, The TLS, The Spectator and the New Statesman.Normal People by Sally Rooney Faber 14.99Sally Rooneys debut novel, Co
12、nversations with Friends, was one of last years most talked-about books. The response to the Irish writers follow-up has, if anything, been even more ecstatic. The 27-year-old was praised for her ability to convey subtle modulations of emotion. The novel was long listed for the Man Booker Prize but
13、many felt that it should have done better.Vietnam by Max Hastings William Collins 30This long-awaited historical blockbuster follows the Vietnam War over three decades,from the French “dirty war” of 194654 to Americas capitulation to the Vietcong in 1975. Hastings, who reported from the battlefield
14、in Vietnam as a young British journalist, was praised for his encyclopedic knowledge of the conflict.The Silence of the Girls by Pat Barker Hamish Hamilton 18.99Pat Barkers novel is a retelling of The lliad but with women at the heart of the action. The central character is Briseis, who appears only
15、 glancingly in Homers original. Best-known for her First World War Set Regeneration trilogy (1997). Barker, in her fifties, again focuses on the traumas of war. Reviewers praised the novels subversive energy even if it was judged conventional in places.A Certain Idea of France by Julian Jackson Alle
16、n Lane 35This biography by British historian Julian Jackson born in 1954 chronicles the life of Charles de Gaulle who is regarded as one of the greatest ever Frenchmen. While acknowledging that de Gaulle wasnt very likeable, Jackson salutes his imagination and boldness- qualities that helped him ste
17、er France through its liberation from the Nazis and the war in Algeria. Critics suggested it would become the standard biography.21. Which author of the four books is the youngest according to the text?A. Sally RooneyB. Max HastingsC. Pat BarkerD. Julian Jackson22. Which book may people who are inte
18、rested in a political leaders life choose?A. Normal PeopleB. VietnamC. The Silence of the GirlsD. A Certain Idea of France23. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To remember the four great novelists.B. To promote the values of the four novelistsC. To encourage studies on the four nove
19、lsD. To introduce the yearly top four novels.【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了2018年英国最畅销的四部小说。【21题详解】细节理解题。由Normal People中的“ The 27-year-old” Vietnam中的“from the French “dirty war” of 194654 to Americas capitulation to the Vietcong in 1975 .Hastings, who reported from the battlefield in Vietnam
20、as a young British journalis”.The Silence of the Girls 中的“in her fifties”以及A Certain Idea of France 中的“.born in 1954”可知，通过对比四个作家的年龄，Sally Rooney是四个作家中最年轻的作家。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由A Certain Idea of France中的“This biography by British historian Julian Jackson .chronicles the life of Charles de Gaulle who
21、is regarded as one of the greatest ever Frenchmen”可知，这本由英国历史学家朱利安杰克逊（Julian Jackson）撰写的传记记录了戴高乐（Charles de Gaulle）的一生，戴高乐被认为是有史以来最伟大的法国人之一。所以对政治领袖的生活感兴趣的人可以选择 A Certain Idea of France。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“The critics top four books of 2018 are based on Christmas selections in national newspapers,
22、the London Evening Standard, The TLS, The Spectator and the New Statesman.”可知，评论家们评选出的2018年最受欢迎的四本书是基于英国全国性报纸伦敦旗帜晚报、泰晤士报、观察家报和新政治家报的圣诞精选。以及下文对这4本小说的具体介绍。可以判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍年度最畅销的四部小说。故选D项。BWhen a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a mo
23、ral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.The largest ever survey of machine ethics, c
24、alled the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someones death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million
25、decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes
26、 countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the sec
27、ond group, for example.The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than
28、did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the research
29、ers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such
30、studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each yearbut that people might focus more on events involving robots.Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents th
31、at might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”24. Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?A. Social values always change with the times.B. Moral choices vary between different cult
32、ures.C. Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.D. Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.25. The researchers conducted the study by_.A. using a massive online quiz worldwideB. comparing different cultures and customsC. dividing the respondents into three groupsD. performing
33、 a series of controlled experiments26. According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?A. NigeriaB. ColombiaC. FinlandD. Indonesia27. Barbara Wege would probably agree that _.A. Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic enviro
34、nmentB. Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attentionC. Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in societyD. Car makers neednt take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了当一名司机猛踩刹车以避免撞到非法穿越马路的行人
35、时，她是在做一个道德上的决定，将风险从行人转移到车内的人。自动驾驶汽车可能很快就不得不做出这样的道德的判断了。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据题目定位到第一段but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task,suggests a survey. 看到下一段讲了这个survey，第三段揭示了研究结果：nations could be divided into three groups，第四段also identified in a country，通过nations，country可知实验结果
36、按照不同国家划分，可见是文化差异different cultures，故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二行online quiz可知A正确；B选项作者只是展示不同文化的moral choices，未提及比较；C选项根据第三段开头analyzed these answers, they found that nations could be divided into three groups说明divided是研究结果得出的，而非conduct the study使用的方法；D选项文章未提及experiment，research是通过analyzed these answers
37、得出的，故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据题目定位到第四段第三行Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally可知根据这项研究，芬兰的司机更有可能撞上非法穿越马路的行人，故选C。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据人名定位到最后两段，最后一段Surveyscan help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents可知Barbara Wege可能会同意无人驾驶汽车引发的事故可能会受到更多关注， B
38、正确；A选项倒数第二段只提到cause fewer accidents, proportionally不等于greatlyimprove；C选项最后一段that might develop trust可知C错误；D选项car makers neednt take risk文章完全没有提及，故选B。CIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and
39、prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well a
40、nd winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no
41、attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win o
42、r achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Cle
43、arly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins
44、to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.28. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up selfrespect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality developmentD. Failures are necessary experiences in
45、competition.29. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _.A. those who try their best to winB. those who value competition most highlyC. those who are against competition most stronglyD. those who rely on others most for success30. What is the similar belief of the true competito
46、rs and those with a “desire to fail”？A. Ones worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. Ones success in competition needs great efforts.C. Ones achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. Ones success is based on how hard he has tried.31. Which point of view may the author agree
47、 to?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.C. Winning should be a lifeanddeath matter.D. Competition should be encouraged.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文主要论述了对于竞争人们的不同观点。有些人支持竞争，他们觉得这样可以使社会进步；有些人反对竞争，他们觉得竞争给人与人之间带来不友好。作者建议我们正确理解竞争的意义。28题
48、详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people”可知，一些支持竞争的人认为，竞争对社会进步是有帮助的，推进社会的向前发展和繁荣。反对竞争的人认为，竞争会挑起人们之间的斗争，
49、给人们之间带来不友好。所以这篇文章主要讲了人们对竞争的看法各不相同。故选B项。【29题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段“However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are
50、youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society”可知，然而，当一些人似乎迷失在成功的欲望中，另一些人持相反的态度。在一个只重视赢家而不关注普通参与者的文化中，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最强烈反对竞争的人是那些承受着来自父母或社会竞争压力的年轻人。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第3段中带下划线的短语the most vocal是指最强烈反对竞争的人。故选C项。【30题详解】细节理解题。由最后段“Both are based on the mistaken belief th
51、at ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others”可知，两者都是基于错误的信念，即一个人的自尊取决于一个人与他人相比的表现。所以真正的竞争者和那些“渴望失败”的人有相似的信念既一个人的价值在于与别人相比的表现。故选A项。【31题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有当这种
52、基本的、令人烦恼的恐惧消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。所以通过关键词“ fear begins to dissolve，discover a new meaning”可以判断出，作者在对比了两种对于竞争的不同态度之后，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧。故选B项。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。由最后段“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can
53、we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有当这种基本的、令人烦恼的恐惧消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。所以通过关键词“ fear begins to dissolve，discover a new meaning”可以判断出，作者在对比了两种对于竞争的不同态度之后，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧。故小题4选B项。DPeople have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the- counter (非处方的) medicines such as
54、 aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗)like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usua
55、lly go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so its easy to believe its medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something
56、so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral(抗病毒的) drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the r
57、ight piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B.But they didnt find out ab
58、out the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against C.“This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinovirus,” study leader Prof
59、essor Ann Palmenberg at University of Wisconsin-Madison, US, told Science Daily.Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly-detailed 3-D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other col
60、d viruses.With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that dont really work.32. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?A. They are quite effective.B. They are slightly helpful.C.
61、They still need to be improved.D. They actually have no effect.33. How do antiviral drugs work?A. By breaking up cold viruses directly.B. By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.C. By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruse
62、s at the same time.34. What can we infer from the passage?A. The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.B. Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.C. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.D. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to
63、 developing an effective cure.35. What is the best title for this passage?A. Drugs against cold virusesB. Helpful home remediesC. No current cure for common coldD. Research on cold viruses【答案】32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。人们对待普通感冒有不同的方法。然而，关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实:没有什么能真正治愈它。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“Yet here i
64、s the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it”可知，然而，关于普通感冒，有一个残酷的事实：没有什么能真正治愈它。所以作者认为普通感冒的流行疗法实际上没有效果。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“ They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus”可知，抗病毒药物通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒。所以抗病毒药物是通过改变感冒病毒的表面结构来发挥其攻击病毒的作用。故选B项。【3
65、4题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough”可知，科学家们识别病毒并建立3 d模型研究其表面才能设计一个足够有
66、效的抗病毒药物。所以推断出,了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗方法的关键。故选D项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it. 以及最后段Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that dont really work”可知，然而，关于普通感冒，有一个残酷的事实：没有什么能真正治愈它。很快，我们就不用再把钱浪费在根本不起作用的药物上了。所以文章开头段落点明主题，和最后一段相
67、呼应，使我们了解到目前我们没有药物能真正治愈普通感冒。所以短文最佳标题为“目前还没有治疗普通感冒的方法”。故选C项。第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。It can be definitely terrifying to fall through ice on a frozen lake. _36_In fact, there is more time to help you survive than you think.As you first hit the freezing water, you will almost breathe
68、 quickly at once. Remember to get control of your breathing and not to move around. _37_This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing, ten minutes to move before you get too cold. The final one is to remind you that it will take one hour before you become unconscious.Ta
69、ke that first minute and fully focus on your breathing. Slow it down, and then look around to see if you can locate the thickest area of ice. When you locate the ice, stretch your arms over the surface, and then begin to flutter-kick(上下打水)until your body becomes horizontal with the surface. _38_.It
70、is possible that you can live for several hours after passing out. This, however, does require some planning. You only have about 10 minutes before your muscles and nerves become too cold to work. Besides, what if you feel too weak to go on and you cannot get out?_39_The point is to encourage your c
71、oat to freeze to the ice, so that if you lose consciousness, you will keep your head out of ice._40_.A. Remember that you should always stay off ice thats only 3 inches.B. Place your arms over the surface of the ice and remain still.C. It can help to remember the “1-10-1 principle”.D. However, if yo
72、u remain calm, it can save your life.E. Remove any clothing or heavy objects that are weighting you down.F. Thus you will remain visible for rescue, even if you pass out.G. Kick hard and use your arms and hands to climb out of the water.【答案】36. D 37. C 38. G 39. B 40. F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，当人们掉进冰冷的湖泊以后，
73、只要我们保持镇定，就可以幸存下来。文章详细介绍了冬天落水求生的具体做法。【36题详解】横线前一句告诉我们掉进冰冷的湖泊里非常可怕，但是只要我们保持镇定，就可以救回性命。会有比你认为的更多的时间逃生。D项“However, if you remain calm, it can save your life.”符合上下文语境，所以选择D项。【37题详解】横线后一句“This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing, ten minutes to move before you get too co
74、ld.”在解释“1-10-1 principle”，C项“It can help to remember the “1-10-1 principle”.符合上下文语境，所以选择C项。【38题详解】横线前一句“When you locate the ice, stretch your arms over the surface, and then begin to flutter-kick(上下打水)until your body becomes horizontal with the surface.”告诉我们伸展胳膊打水直到你的身体露出水面，然后再努力从水里爬出来。G项“Kick hard
75、and use your arms and hands to climb out of the water.”符合上下文语境，所以选择G项。【39题详解】横线后一句“he point is to encourage your coat to freeze to the ice, so that if you lose consciousness, you will keep your head out of ice.”告诉我们这样做可以让上衣结冰，让我们的头部在水面之上，保持呼吸。B项“Place your arms over the surface of the ice and remain
76、 still.”意为“让胳膊在冰面之上保持不动”，与后句语义一致，所以选择B项。【40题详解】横线前一句“you will keep your head out of ice.”告诉我们这样做可以让上衣结冰，让我们的头部在水面之上，保持呼吸。路过的人就会看见我们，也会过来救我们。F项“Thus you will remain visible for rescue, even if you pass out.”与前句一致，所以现在F项。【点睛】在完成7选5阅读时，我们可以使用代入排除法解题，首先要重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入
77、排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。以本文小题2为例，横线后一句“This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing, ten minutes to move before you get too cold.”在解释“1-10-1 principle”，考生根据此信息，把C项 It can help to remember the “1-10-1 principle”代入上下文，语意流畅，逻辑合理，可以确定为正确答案。第三部分 语言知识运
78、用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I did my first wing-walk two years ago, on my 86 birthday. Then last June, aged 88, I did it again and _41_my own record as the worlds oldest _42_wing-walker.There was something about being strapped (捆扎) to the _43_
79、of a bright-yellow 1944 Boeing-Stearman that _44_my imagination. Its very exciting. The first experience was nothing but tame. This year, I said to the _45_, “Can you make it a bit more adventuresome? ” He said, “I could do a loop - the loop (翻筋斗) if you like?”This time, he _46_doing half a loop whi
80、ch was very effective. You go down a bit, then straight up. All I felt was a bit _47_, because it was windy. But you are _48_strapped. The pilot makes sure everything is _49_. I had gloves on, earplugs and lots of layers, which protected me.Both times, we _50_from Gloucestershire Airport and were in
81、 the air for 15 minutes. You dont sit on the wingyou sit on _51_looks like a chair. I wasnt nervous. But when you look at the propellers (螺旋桨), you do feel a little strange. Youre _52_at the beginning that its a _53_dangerous activity and things could go wrong. However, I said: “Well, at 88 what doe
82、s it _54_? Youve got to go sometime and you might as well go in a flame of _55_.”At my age, a lot of people are _56_in their ways. I dont think any of my _57_from my retirement home wants to _58_me. I imagine most of them think Im _59_as a woman. But I do think people of my age should be doing more
83、_60_things. You shouldnt sit back and feel sorry for yourself.41. A. keptB. protectedC. savedD. broke42. A. doctorB. repairC. maleD. female43. A. wingB. headC. tailD. bottom44. A. practisedB. displayedC. inspiredD. broadened45. A. driverB. directorC. guideD. pilot46. A. turned upB. gave upC. took up
84、D. ended up47. A. shakyB. dizzyC. shinyD. clumsy48. A. tightlyB. largelyC. safelyD. correctly49. A. specialB. secureC. cautiousD. accessible50. A. let outB. got throughC. broke upD. took off51. A. whatB. howC. whereD. that52. A. chargedB. allowedC. warnedD. cheated53. A. actuallyB. potentiallyC. dou
85、btfullyD. certainly54. A. meanB. matterC. dreamD. live55. A. gloryB. silenceC. memoryD. ash56. A. criticizedB. beatenC. stuckD. washed57. A. leadersB. friendsC. opponentsD. relatives58. A. persuadeB. steadyC. joinD. praise59. A. crazyB. strangeC. adventurousD. ridiculous60. A. academicB. difficultC.
86、 adventurousD. scary【答案】41. D 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了去年6月，88岁的作者又进行了一次在机翼上行走的活动，打破了自己保持的世界上年龄最大的女性机翼步行者记录。尽管这样做是很危险的，但作者觉得人生应该精彩地活着，且要有冒险精神，作者觉得这一切很值得。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年6月，88岁的作者又进行了一次在机翼上行走
87、的活动，打破了自己的保持的世界上年龄最大的女性机翼步行者记录。A. kept保持；B. protected保护；C. saved节省；D. broke打破。由“I did my first wing-walk two years ago, on my 86 birthday. Then last June, aged 88, I did it again ”可知，作者打破了自己保持的世界上年龄最大的女性机翼步行者记录。故选D项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年6月，88岁的作者又进行了一次在机翼上行走的活动，打破了自己保持的世界上年龄最大的女性机翼步行者记录。A. doctor医生；
88、B. repair修理；C. male男性；D. female女性。由下文“as a woman”可知作者是一名女性。故选D项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些被捆扎在一架黄色1944 Boeing-Stearman机翼上的东西激发了我的想象力。A. wing翼；B. head头；C. tail尾巴；D. bottom底部。一些被捆扎在一架黄色1944 Boeing-Stearman机翼上的东西，激发了作者要在机翼上行走的想像力。故选A项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些被捆扎在一架1944 Boeing-Stearman机翼上的黄色东西激发了我的想象力。A. practi
89、sed练习；B. displayed展示；C. inspired激起；D. broadened扩大。由“ imagination”可知， inspired“激起”符合句意。故选C项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年，我对飞行员说:“你能让它更冒险一点吗？。A. driver司机；B. director导演；C. guide导游；D. pilot飞行员。由下文“The pilot ”可知，作者在对飞行员说。故选D项。【46题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这一次，他翻一个有效的半圈筋斗。A. turned up出现；B. gave up放弃；C. took up占据；D. ended
90、 up结束。end up doing sth“最终做某事”表示飞行员完成可了一个有效的半圈筋斗。故选D项。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只觉得有点摇晃，因为风很大。A. shaky不稳固的；B. dizzy晕眩的；C. shiny闪亮的；D. clumsy笨拙的。由“it was windy”可知，作者只觉得有点摇晃，不稳定。故选A项。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但你是很安全的。A. tightly紧紧地；B. largely大地；C. safely安全地；D. correctly正确地。由“but”可知，前后句表示转折，尽管作者感到有些不稳，但是作者是安全的。故选C项。
91、【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：飞行员确保一切安全。A. special特殊的；B. secure安全的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. accessible易接近的。由“makes sure”可知，飞行员确保一切安全。故选B项。【50题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：两次，我们都是从Gloucestershire 机场起飞，在空中停留了15分钟。A. let out放出； B. got through经历；C. broke up破裂；D. took off起飞。由“Gloucestershire Airport ”可知，飞机从Gloucestershire 机场起飞。take
92、off“起飞”为固定短语。故选D项。【51题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：你不是坐在机翼上，而是坐在看起来像椅子的东西上。分析句子可知，on为介词后接句子作宾语，宾语从句中缺少主语，所以用what来充当looks的主语。故选A项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始你就被警告，这是一项潜在的危险活动，可能会出问题。A. charged向收费；B. allowed允许；C. warned警告；D. cheated欺骗。由“at the beginning ，dangerous activity”可知，这是一项危险的活动，所以一开始作者就被警告过。故选C项。【53题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句
93、意：一开始你就被警告，这是一项潜在的危险活动，可能会出问题。A. actually事实上；B. potentially潜在地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. certainly确定地。由“ things could go wrong.”可知，这是一项危险的活动，存在着潜在的危险。故选B项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我说:“嗯，88岁有什么关系?。A. mean意味着；B. matter有重大关系；C. dream做梦；D. live生活。由“Youve got to go sometime”可知，作者认为人终究有一死，这项危险的活动不算什么。故选B项。【55题详解】考
94、查名词词义辨析。句意：你总有一天要去天堂，你还不如带着荣耀去天堂。A. glory荣耀；B. silence沉默；C. memory记忆；D. ash灰。作者已经是88岁的老人，还在挑战生命的极限，这是很荣耀的，所以作者认为即使有一天自己去了天堂，还不如带着荣耀去天堂，可见作者的乐观态度。故选A项。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我这个年纪，很多人都被束缚了。A. criticized批评；B. beaten打败；C. stuck钉住；D. washed洗。像作者这个年龄段的人，或者因为身体原因或者心理原因或者其它别的原因，使他们不敢或不愿意去从事超出他们经历或能力范围外的事情。所以很
95、多人都被各种原因束缚了。be stuck in “被困在.”为固定短语。故选C项。【57题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我养老院的朋友都不想加入像我这样的活动中来。A. leaders领导；B. friends朋友；C. opponents对手；D. relatives亲戚。由“my retirement home”可知，这里在说作者养老院的朋友。故选B项。【58题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想我养老院的朋友都不想加入像我这样的活动中来。A. persuade说服；B. steady使稳定；C. join加入；D. praise赞扬。由前文“be stuck in”可知，很多人被束缚住
96、了。所以他们也不会加入作者参加的这项活动中来。故选C项。【59题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想他们大多数人都认为我是个疯女人。A. crazy疯狂的；B. strange奇怪的；C. adventurous冒险的；D. ridiculous愚蠢的。88岁还在从事冒险活动，在大多数人眼里作者是一个疯狂的女人。故选A项。【60题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我认为我这个年纪的人应该做更多的冒险活动。A. academic学术的；B. difficult困难的；C. adventurous冒险的；D. scary可怕的。作者从事的是高空中在机翼上行走，这是冒险的活动。但是作者很享受这个活动
97、，并认为和她同龄的人也应该做更多的冒险活动。故选C项。第 II 卷 (满分50分)第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)第二节 语法填空 (每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, _61_ co-founded the Hong
98、 Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as _62_ first editor-in-chief. He _63_ (be) Hong Kongs most famous writer.His wuxia novels have a widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works _64_ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest an
99、d most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million _65_ (copy) of his works have been sold worldwide. According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature, Jin Yongs Novels are _66_ (high) evaluated and are able to appea
100、l to both highbrow and lowbrow tastes. His works have the unusual ability _67_ (go) beyond geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving _68_ (great) success than any other contemporary writer.His works _69_ (translate) into many languages including Eng
101、lish, French, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Burmese, Malay and Indonesian. There are many fans outside of Chinese-speaking areas, as a result of the numerous adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games.The asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named _70_
102、 him.Jin Yong is named along with Gu Long and Liang Yusheng as the “Three Legs of the Tripod of Wuxia”.【答案】61. who 62. its/the 63. was 64. written 65. copies 66. highly 67. to go 68. greater 69. have been translated 70. after【解析】本文为记叙文，简要讲述了金庸先生的生平。【61题详解】考查定语从句。根据句子结构关系可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Louis Cha
103、，在定语从句中作主语，用who。【62题详解】考查限定词用法。表示顺序的序数词前须加定冠词或者限定词，故填its/the。【63题详解】考查谓语动词。本文讲述金庸生平，用一般过去时态，故填was。【64题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处_4_ (write) between 1955 and 1972短语结构作后置定语，动词write与his works之间为被动关系，故填written。【65题详解】考查名词复数。由其定语100 million可知，此处名词为复数形式，故填copies。【66题详解】考查副词用法。此处应用副词形式修饰动词are evaluated，表示“受到高度
104、评价”，故用highly。【67题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他作品具有超越分隔世界华人社区的地理和意识形态障碍的非凡能力。在ability后常用不定式形式作定语，指“的能力”，故填to go。【68题详解】考查形容词比较级。根据句意和其后的than可知，此处用比较级作定语，填greater。【69题详解】考查时态和语态。主语为His works与动词translate之间为被动关系，且根据语境，此处强调现在的状态，故用现在完成时。句意：他的作品已被翻译成多国语言。故填have been translated。【70题详解】考查固定短语搭配。name after. 意为“以命名”。句意：109
105、30号小行星(1998年CR2号)就是以他的名字命名的。故填after。第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分35分)第一节 短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Ive had a lot of wo
106、nderfully experiences during Senior High. Among them anything between my class teacher and I is the most unforgettable.I was addicting to online games in Senior One, which meant I was unable to concentrate my studies. Learning this, my class teacher wanted to help me out by compete with me. He said
107、I would have to play games less unless I was beaten. I was so confident that I agreed. Therefore, I was told later our class teacher was good at the online games. You can imagine the result of our competition. From then on, I promised I will spend most of my time on my lessons.I cant thank my teache
108、rs too much for his help.【答案】【解析】1.第一处：wonderfullywonderful 考查形容词的用法。这里应该用形容词修饰名词experiences，所以要将副词wonderfully改为形容词wonderful。2.第二处：anythingsomething 考查不定代词的用法。本句在叙述的过程中提到了老师和作者的一些事情。但是在肯定句中要用something，不能用anything。故将anything改为something。3.第三处：addictingaddicted 考查分词的用法。表示人对上瘾，要用be addicted to。故将addicti
109、ng变为addicted。4.第四处：在concentrate后加on 考查固定搭配的用法。此处concentrate应该和介词on连用，然后跟宾语，表示集中（思想、注意力等）在上。故在concentrate后面加上介词on。5.第五处：competecompeting 考查动名词的用法。前面有介词by，所以动词要变成-ing形式，故将compete变为competing。6.第六处：unlessif 考查连词的用法。该句的意思应该是如果我被打败的话，我会少玩游戏，而unless的意思是如果不，除非，所以要将unless改为if。7.第七处：ThereforeHowever 考查副词的用法。这
110、里的上下句应该是转折关系，不是因果关系。故将Therefore改为However。8.第八处：去掉at和online之间的the 考查冠词的用法。这里应该是泛指网络游戏，所以要去掉定冠词the。9.第九处：willwould 考查时态的用法。此处要注意上下文的时态一致。前面主句用的是promised，所以后面的从句要用相应的过去时态。故将will改为would。10.第十处：teachersteacher 考查名词的单复数。作者在这里要感谢的是班主任老师一个人，所以应该用单数形式。故将teachers改为teacher。第二节 书面表达(满分25分)72.假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter正
111、在学习汉语，他对成语“己所不欲，勿施于人”不太理解，发邮件请求帮助。请你回复邮件，内容包括:1.祝贺汉语的进步；2.解释成语的大意；3.学习成语的建议。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Pete:_yours，Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter,Congratulations to you on your extraordinary progress in Chinese learning.The idiom mentioned in your email was remarked by Confucius, the greatest ancient
112、 Chinese philosopher. It kind of means Dont do to others what you dont want others to do to you., which is the key to harmonious human relations. Since there are so many famous Chinese idioms, you are advised to select some of your favorites, manage to keep them in your mind at first, and then gradu
113、ally youll understand them better in the future.Ill present you with a book about how to learn Chinese idioms, which is a great help to you. You are welcome whenever you need.Yours，Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter正在学习汉语，他对成语“己所不欲，勿施于人”不太理解，发邮件请求帮助。请你回复邮件
114、，内容包括: 1.祝贺汉语的进步；2.解释成语的大意；3.学习成语的建议。时态应为一般现在时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：extraordinary（非凡的），progress（进步），idiom（成语），Confucius（孔子），harmonious（和谐的），select（挑选）及gradually（逐渐地）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意该要的词数要求、主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显
115、示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有Congratulations to you on（在某方面祝贺某人），be the key to（是的关键），manage to do(设法做成)，keep in mind（牢记）以及be a great help to sb（对某人是一个很大的帮助），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“Dont do to others what you dont want others to do to you., which is the key to harmonious human rel
116、ations”及“Ill present you with a book about how to learn Chinese idioms, which is a great help to you.”，状语从句“Since there are so many famous Chinese idioms, you are advised to select some of your favorites”及“You are welcome whenever you need”，非谓语动词“The idiom mentioned in your email was remarked by Confucius, the greatest ancient Chinese philosopher.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
