1、模块一专题一第4讲A(2021山西朔州市高三一模)Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents.Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive fall dramatically after six hours.Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unst
2、eady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use.Using t
3、ools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm(算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go.“Our work has a clear potential to save lives，” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications.In today
4、s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects.For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data.As a result, a search may be launche
5、d in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time.Hallers research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the oceans surface should gather along a few special curves(曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles(TRAPs)These curves cant be seen with our eyes
6、 but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team.This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident.In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH
7、team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Marthas Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States.Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real time.The
8、y found that buoys and manikins(浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves.“Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location，” says Haller.“Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to in
9、terpret and cheap to perform，” points out Serra.Haller stresses, “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.”1In a search and rescue operation, _.Athe survival rate drops to almost zero after six hoursBthe use of dynamics leads to the wrong l
10、ocationCweather conditions are a determining factorDchanging currents present a challenge2What is the distinct feature of the new algorithm?AIt relies on ocean dynamics.BIt tracks the path of the curves.CIt stops the uncertainties of the accident.DIt figures out how tides change over time.3Paragraph
11、 5 mainly talks about _.Athe collection of dataBthe testing of the algorithmCthe identification of the TRAPsDthe cooperation of two research teams4What is the best title for the passage?AWhy Success Rates of Rescue Operations have FallenBWhy Algorithms are Popular in Rescue OperationsCHow Mathematic
12、s Can Save Lives at SeaDHow Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述通过使用数学方法在海上挽救生命。1D细节理解题。根据第一段“Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.(除了潮汐和天气条件的挑战外，不稳定的水流经常使搜寻和营救措施变得极其困难。)”可知，在搜寻和营救中，变
13、化的水流呈现出挑战。故选D项。2B细节理解题。根据第四段“These curves cant be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team.(这些曲线不能被眼睛看到。但是通过使用由ETH小组发展的数学方法，能瞬间从海洋表面的水流数据追踪到这些曲线。)”可知，新算法能追踪到曲线的路径。故选B项。3B段落大意题。根据第五段“the ETH team tested t
14、heir new, TRAP-based search algorithm(ETH小组基于TRAP的搜寻算法，来测试他们的新算法)”可知，第五段主要讲述算法的测试。故选B项。4C标题归纳题。第一段“Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents.(每年成百上千的人由于船或飞机事故死在海中。)”交代了文章的背景。根据第二段“the team has developed an algorithm(算法) to predict where objects and people floating i
15、n water will go.(这个小组发展了算法，用于预测将要沉入水中的人和物)”及“recent mathematical methods. enables quick and precise planning of search paths(最近的数学方法使搜寻路径变得快且精准)”可知，数学算法可以在海上精准地探测到人和物体，故文章主要讲述如何通过使用数学方法在海上挽救生命。故选C项。B(2021黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期第三次模拟)This week, four COVID-19 vaccines have appeared highly effective in preventi
16、ng the COVID-19 disease and will roll out to market soon.On November 17, Sinovac, a Chinese biotech company, published its promising results from Phase(阶段)1 and 2 trials in the medical journal The Lancet. The data shows that the vaccine, Corona Vac, has produced a very quick and strong immune respon
17、se and did not cause any severe side effects among the 700 people tested.Sinovac has already started the Phase 3 tests in UAE, Brazil, Indonesia and Bangladesh since July 3Initial Phase 3 data is likely to be available within the next month.(Update：the Phase 3 tests in UAE have shown that Corona Vac
18、 is 86% effective and UAE has officially approved it for nationwide use.)One day earlier, Moderna reported that its vaccine is 94% effective and strongly protects against serious COVID-19 illness.On November 18, Pfizer announced that its vaccine is 95% effective.Britains Oxford-AstraZeneca group sai
19、d on November 23 that its vaccine is up to 70% effective.However, Corona Vac may have a series of potential advantages over the mRNA vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca groups DNA vaccines, since there hasnt been any mRNA or DNA vaccines approved by the Food and Drug Admin
20、istration (FDA) before, while Corona Vac is based on a tried-and-true method that uses weakened or dead COVIE-19Another big advantage for Corona Vac is the storage temperature as it can be stored between 2 and 8 for up to three years, while the mRNA vaccines have to be kept between -20 and -70 .It w
21、ould make their storage and distribution really challenging, especially in the developing countries.Although we are seeing lights by the end of the tunnel, its important to remember that an effective vaccine is not enough to end the crisis quickly, because it will take months to produce enough vacci
22、nes and distribute them.Therefore, measures like social distancing, washing hands and wearing face masks will remain essential to control the spread of COVID-195Which country has agreed to use Corona Vac for all the people?AUAE.BBrazil.CIndonesia.DBangladesh.6How does Sinovac differ from Pfizers and
23、 Modernas vaccines?AIt is much more effective.BIt is a kind of mRNA vaccine.CIt is based on a more mature method.DIt has to be stored in extremely low temperature.7What is the purpose of the last part of the text?ATo warn the risk of the new vaccines.BTo remind people not to let down their guard.CTo
24、 show the difficulty in distributing the vaccines.DTo tell people how to prevent the spread of COVTD-198What is the text mainly about?AThe differences of the various vaccines.BThe potential advantages of Corona Vac.CThe disadvantages of the mRNA and DNA vaccines.DThe Phase 1 trial results of four CO
25、VID-19 vaccines.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过与其他三款新冠疫苗对比，说明中国研制的Corona Vac疫苗的特点及优点。5A细节理解题。根据第二段中“Update：the Phase 3 tests in UAE have shown that Corona Vac is 86% effective and UAE has officially approved it for nationwide use.(最新消息：在阿联酋(UAE)进行的第三阶段测试显示，Corona Vac疫苗的有效性为86%，阿联酋已正式批准其在全国范围内使用。)”可知，阿联酋已经批准全民
26、注射中国的Corona Vac疫苗。故选A。6C细节理解题。根据第四段中“since there hasnt been any mRNA or DNA vaccines approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before, while Corona Vac is based on a tried-and-true method that uses weakened or dead COVIE-19(因为在此之前还没有任何mRNA或DNA疫苗得到美国食品和药物管理局的批准，而Corona Vac 疫苗是基于一种可靠的方法，即使用弱化
27、或死亡的COVIE-19。)”可知，Sinovac与Pfizer和Moderna的疫苗的不同在于Sinovac基于更成熟的制造方法。故选C。7B推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although we are seeing lights by the end of the tunnel, its important to remember that an effective vaccine is not enough to end the crisis quickly, because it will take months to produce enough vaccines and distrib
28、ute them.Therefore, measures like social distancing, washing hands and wearing face masks will remain essential to control the spread of COVID-19(尽管我们看到了曙光，但重要的是要记住，有效的疫苗不足以迅速结束危机，因为生产和分发足够的疫苗需要几个月的时间。因此，保持社交距离、洗手和戴口罩等措施对控制COVID-19的传播仍然至关重要。)”可推知，这篇文章最后一部分的目的是提醒人们不要放松警惕。故选B。8B文章大意题。根据第二段中“The data s
29、hows that the vaccine, Corona Vac, has produced a very quick and strong immune response and did not cause any severe side effects among the 700 people tested.(数据显示，在接受测试的700人中，这种名为Corona Vac的疫苗已经产生了非常迅速和强烈的免疫反应，并且没有造成任何严重的副作用。)”结合通读全文可知，本文突出介绍了Corona Vac疫苗的优点，如成熟的制备方法、较高的存储温度等。可知，文章主要内容是CoronaVac的潜在
30、优势。故选B。C(2021福建省厦门市高三毕业班第三次质量检测)Its mid-February and along Britains south coast gilt-head bream(鲷鱼) are swimming from the open sea into the river mouths.And this summer, countryside visitors throughout southern England will catch sight of blue flashes as small red-eyed damselflies fly across starry
31、ponds.Both events are happening much further north than they would have 20 years ago.Fingers point at climate change.As areas become too hot or dry, many wildlife populations are declining, while some species are showing up in places that were historically too cold or wet.Our team, led by Alba Estra
32、da, wanted to explain this phenomenon.If we could predict which species can and cant colonise(移居于) new locations, we could decide which are most in need of conservation.How far individual animals or plant seeds can move was long thought to be the most important factor.But according to our findings,
33、other characteristics also turned out to be highly important.For example, how quickly plants and animals can produce, how well they can compete with other species for resources, and what kinds of food they can eat or habitat they can live in.The result of this is that we might be able to predict whi
34、ch animals will survive under climate change.The wood mouse is found throughout continental Europe.As climate changes, we think the mouse will move north because it can breed quickly, live in lots of habitats, has a broad diet, and individuals can travel a long way.On the other hand, consider the Eu
35、ropean ground squirrel.We think it might stay just in southeast Europe because it can only live in grasslandsand climate change wont suddenly turn farms and forests into meadows(草坪)Its encouraging to know that some species are doing well under climate change.There are some headaches, however.Those g
36、ilt-head bream are feeding on the local shellfish, which might be taking food away from the native fish.Small red-eyed damselflies look great, but they could become all too common around British ponds and outcompete native species.Climate change is once again posing us some tricky conservation quest
37、ions.9We can learn from paragraphs 1 & 2 that _.Apeople hold events to observe different speciesBvisitors have damaged the homes of many speciesCspecies preferred extremely cold and wet environmentDclimate change makes some species move to new areas10Whats Paragraph 4 mainly about?AWhat factors can
38、influence colonisation.BHow far individual animals can travel.CWhy some species are declining.DWhere most species tend to live.11Which might stand the least chance of colonisation?AGilt-head bream.BRed-eyed damselflies.CWood mice.DGround squirrels.12Whats the teams attitude towards the colonisation?
39、AAmbiguous.BDoubtful.CObjective.DOptimistic.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区，作者的研究团队试图解释这个现象，并对这个现象带来的利弊进行了分析。9D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句“Its mid-February and along Britains south coast gilt-head bream(鲷鱼) are swimming from the open sea into the river mouths.And this summer, countryside visitors throughout
40、southern England will catch sight of blue flashes as small red-eyed damselflies fly across starry ponds.(现在是二月中旬，沿着英国南部海岸，金头鲷正从公海游向河口。今年夏天，英格兰南部的乡村游客将看到红色眼睛的小豆娘飞过繁星繁茂的池塘时的蓝色闪光。)”和第二段“Fingers point at climate change.As areas become too hot or dry, many wildlife populations are declining, while some s
41、pecies are showing up in places that were historically too cold or wet.(手指指向气候变化。随着地区变得太热或太干，许多野生动物的数量正在下降，而一些物种出现在历史上太冷或太湿的地方。)”可知，气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区。故选D。10A段落大意题。根据第四段第一句和第二句“How far individual animals or plant seeds can move was long thought to be the most important factor.But according to our find
42、ings, other characteristics also turned out to be highly important.(长期以来，动物或植物种子能移动多远被认为是最重要的因素。但根据我们的发现，其他特征也非常重要。)”和第三段第二句“If we could predict which species can and cant colonise(移居于) new locations, we could decide which are most in need of conservation.(如果我们能预测哪些物种能和不能在新的地点定居，我们就可以决定哪些物种最需要保护。)”可
43、知，第四段主要是讲什么因素可以影响物种的移居。故选A。11D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“On the other hand, consider the European ground squirrel.We think it might stay just in southeast Europe because it can only live in grasslandsand climate change wont suddenly turn farms and forests into meadows (草坪)(另一方面，以欧洲地松鼠为例。我们认为它可能会留在东南欧，因为它只能生活
44、在草原上，气候变化不会突然把农场和森林变成草地。)”可知，欧洲地松鼠可能会留在东南欧，无法移居。而根据第一段第一句和第二句“Its mid-February and along Britains south coast gilt-head bream(鲷鱼) are swimming from the open sea into the river mouths.And this summer, countryside visitors throughout southern England will catch sight of blue flashes as small red-eyed
45、damselflies fly across starry ponds.(现在是二月中旬，沿着英国南部海岸，金头鲷正从公海游向河口。今年夏天，英格兰南部的乡村游客将看到红色眼睛的小豆娘飞过繁星繁茂的池塘时的蓝色闪光。)”和第五段第二句第三句“The wood mouse is found throughout continental Europe.As climate changes, we think the mouse will move north because it can breed quickly, live in lots of habitats, has a broad di
46、et, and individuals can travel a long way.(木老鼠遍布欧洲大陆。随着气候变化，我们认为老鼠会向北迁移，因为它繁殖迅速，生活在许多栖息地，饮食广泛，个体可以长途旅行。)”可知，金头鲷、红色眼睛的小豆娘和木老鼠都可以移居，所以欧洲地松鼠最不可能移居。故选D。12C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句“Its encouraging to know that some species are doing well under climate change.There are some headaches, however.(令人鼓舞的是，一些物种在气候变化
47、下表现良好。不过，也有一些令人头痛的问题。)”可知，团队对动物移居的态度是客观的。故选C。D(2021江苏省海安高级中学高三下期新高考模拟(二)Last summer, Maria and her mother moved from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago.Maria really liked some things about the city, but she missed her house and yard in the countryside.One day, Maria was in
48、her flat building when she noticed her neighbor, Mrs.Garcia, carrying a gardening tool and a bag of soil.Maria wondered how Mrs.Garcia was able to garden in the city.“My mom used to grow the most delicious vegetables, and I know she misses her garden now that we dont have a yard，” said Maria.Mrs.Gar
49、cia laughed.“Ill show you，” she said.Maria thought that Mrs.Garcia would take her to the park, but she took her to the roof(屋顶)When the door opened, Maria was surprised to see rows of flowers and vegetables on the roof.“What a wonderful garden！”said Maria.Mrs.Garcia told Maria that for a long time t
50、he roof was just an empty space.Then some of the people in the building asked the owners to turn it into a community garden.The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean, but they also helped to keep the building cooler during warmer weather.“I plant flo
51、wers in my own place，” Mrs.Garcia said, “but you would be surprised by how different the plants are up here.Some people grow vegetables just like your mom.You can do some of the same things in the city as in the countryside.You just have to be creative！”13When did Maria and her mother move to a flat
52、 building in Chicago?ALast month.BLast winter.CLast summer.DLast week.14Where did Mrs.Garcia take Maria to one day?AThe park. BThe roof. CThe garden in front of her house.DThe countryside.15Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the community garden?AIt used the empty space well.BIt helped k
53、eep the air clean.CIt helped keep the building cooler.DIt made the building stronger.16What is the best title for this passage?AA Creative LadyBA Rooftop GardenCAn Empty RoofDA Special Building【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了芝加哥一栋公寓大楼的业主们把楼顶的闲置空间变成了屋顶花园的故事。13C细节理解题。根据第一段“Last summer, Maria and her mother moved
54、from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago.(去年夏天，玛利亚和妈妈从乡下搬到了芝加哥的一栋公寓大楼里。)”可知，搬到芝加哥这个公寓是在去年夏天。故选C。14B细节理解题。根据第五段“Maria thought that Mrs.Garcia would take her to the park, but she took her to the roof.(玛利亚以为加西亚太太会把她带到公园，但是加西亚太太把她带到了屋顶。)”可知，加西亚太太带玛利亚去了屋顶。故选B。15D细节理解题。根据第七段“Mrs.G
55、arcia told Maria that for a long time the roof was just an empty space.Then some of the people in the building asked the owners to turn it into a community garden.The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean, but they also helped to keep the building co
56、oler during warmer weather.(加西亚太太告诉玛利亚，很久以来屋顶只是一个闲置空间，后来楼里的一些人要求业主把屋顶变成社区花园，楼主们喜欢这个想法，因为这些植物不仅有助于保持空气的清洁，而且在较热的天气下也有助于保持大楼的凉爽。)”可知，合理利用闲置空间、保持空气清洁、保持大楼的凉爽都是社区花园的优点，而没有提到能够让大楼变得更坚固。故选D。16B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了芝加哥一栋公寓大楼的业主们把楼顶的闲置空间变成了一个屋顶花园。故选B。E(2021安徽江南十校高三3月一模联考) “Weve designed buildings for 100-yea
57、r floods，” says Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, director of the Institute for Health in the Built Environment.“But there will be another epidemic or another pandemicor there might just be another flu season.Lets go ahead and learn to design for the 100-year flu.”Public health officials agree that one of
58、the simplest ways to prevent the indoor spread of the virus is to increase the amount of outside air that comes into our buildings.The simple act of opening a window can meaningfully reduce the concentration of infectious(感染的) particles in the air.But in many current office buildings, the windows ar
59、ent operable.Creating a tight air seal in a building is one of the main strategies used to make buildings more energy-saving.So architects are now wrestling with how to increase air circulation without accelerating energy consumption.One solution, according to Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, is a special
60、 type of window design.This allows outside air to be warmed or cooled, as needed, when it enters the building.Most current office buildings usually adopt open-plan offices, which are suitable for modern office work.But in time of pandemic, viruses spread easily among workers in the office.Rather tha
61、n seal employees into individual hard-walled rooms, office designers can preserve the benefits of open-plan offices by fitting airflow systems that clean the air breathed out.For example, vents(通风口) can be installed at the top of the room to pull out the cloud of exhaled(呼出的) air and for fresh air t
62、o be delivered along the floor.This type of “biophilic design” can increase productivity and improve physical health.What all these changes have in common is that theyll happen only if the public continue to focus on indoor health after the acute crisis of the pandemic has passed.In the long run, wh
63、ats perhaps even more important is making whole environments support human immune function.17According to Kevin, what is a solution to improving air circulation without consuming more energy?ACreating specially-designed windows.BIncreasing the amount of outside air.CFitting vents at the top of the b
64、uilding.DDesigning a tight air seal in the building.18Which of the following may be considered a “biophilic design”？AOffices with exhaled air.BOffices with airflow systems.COffices with big windows.DOffices with individual rooms.19What does the author focus on in the last paragraph?AAdding some back
65、ground information.BExplaining the concept of indoor health.CExpressing the expectation for the future.DProviding the theoretical basis for the research.20What can be the best title for the passage?ASetting up buildings good for the environmentBThe need to put human health in the first placeCRedesig
66、ning the office for the next 100-year fluDThe simplest way to stop indoor spread of viruses【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何对办公室进行重新设计，使得它可以更好地应对和预防未来可能出现的病毒。17A细节理解题。根据第三段“One solution, according to Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, is a different type of window design.This allows outside air to be warmed or cooled
67、, as needed, when it enters the building.(根据Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg的说法，一个解决方案是一种不同类型的窗户设计。当外部空气进入建筑时，可以根据需要对其进行加热或冷却。)”可知，解决方案是要设计一款特殊的窗户。故选A项。18B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Rather than seal employees into individual hard-walled rooms, office designers can preserve the benefits of open-plan offices by fitting ai
68、rflow systems that clean the air breathed out.This type of biophilic design can increase productivity and improve physical health.(办公室设计师可以通过安装空气流通系统来净化呼出的空气，这样就可以保留开敞式办公室的好处，而不必把员工关在单独的硬墙房间里。这种类型的亲生物设计可以提高生产力和改善身体健康。)”可知，有空气流通系统的办公室可以被认为是亲生物设计。故选B项。19C推理判断题。从最后一段“In the long run, whats perhaps even
69、 more important is making whole environments support human immune function.(从长远来看，或许更重要的是让整个环境支持人类的免疫功能。)”可推知，此段表达作者对未来的期待。故选C项。20C标题归纳题。根据第一段“But there will be another epidemic or another pandemicor there might just be another flu season.Lets go ahead and learn to design for the 100-year flu.(但是将会有
70、另一场流行病或另一场大流行或者可能只是另一个流感季节。让我们继续为预防百年流感学习设计。)”及下文内容可知，文章主要说的是如何对办公室进行重新设计，使得它可以更好地应对和预防未来可能出现的病毒。因此C项“Redesigning the office for the next 100-year flu(重新设计办公室以应对下一个百年流感)”适合做本文标题。故选C项。词海拾贝读原句品词句一、英汉对对碰1New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Profe
71、ssor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use.提高，增强2In todays rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects.复杂的3On November 17, Sinovac, a Chine
72、se biotech company, published its promising results from Phase(阶段)1 and 2 trials in the medical journal The Lancet.有希望的，有前途的4Therefore, measures like social distancing, washing hands and wearing face masks will remain essential to control the spread of COVID-19必不可少的；基本的_5If we could predict which sp
73、ecies can and cant colonise (移居于) new locations, we could decide which are most in need of conservation.对(环境、文物等)保护6But according to our findings, other characteristics also turned out to be highly important.特征，特点7So architects are now wrestling with how to increase air circulation without accelerat
74、ing energy consumption.奋力对付，努力处理8Rather than seal employees into individual hard-walled rooms, office designers can preserve the benefits of open-plan offices by fitting airflow systems that clean the air breathed out.保存；维持9This type of “biophilic design” can increase productivity and improve physic
75、al health.生产力10In the long run, whats perhaps even more important is making whole environments support human immune function.免疫的，有免疫力的二、熟词考新义1Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive fall dramatically after six hours.急剧地，大幅度地2Bey
76、ond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.操作；经营3Another big advantage for Corona Vac is the storage temperature as it can be stored between 2 and 8 for up to three years, while the mRNA vaccines have to be kept
77、 between -20 and -70 .储存，储藏4Climate change is once again posing us some tricky conservation questions.提问，质询5Creating a tight air seal in a building is one of the main strategies used to make buildings more energy-saving.密封垫(或带等)三、解锁长难句1Hallers research team obtained mathematical results predicting t
78、hat objects floating on the oceans surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs)分析：现在分词短语predicting that objects.作定语修饰results，其中的that引导宾语从句，现在分词短语floating on the oceans surface作定语修饰objects，which引导定语从句修饰curves。译文：哈勒的研究小组获得了数学结果，预测漂浮在海洋表面的物
79、体应该沿着一些特殊的曲线聚集，他们称之为瞬态吸引剖面(TRAPs)。2However, Corona Vac may have a series of potential advantages over the mRNA vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca groups DNA vaccines, since there hasnt been any mRNA or DNA vaccines approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before
80、, while Corona Vac is based on a tried-and-true method that uses weakened or dead COVIE-19分析：过去分词短语produced by Moderna and Pfizer作定语，修饰the mRNA vaccines；在since引导的原因状语从句中，while连接的是并列句，过去分词短语approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)作定语，修饰mRNA or DNA vaccines，定语从句that uses weakened or dead COV
81、IE-19修饰method。译文：然而，Corona Vac可能比Moderna和辉瑞公司生产的mRNA疫苗以及牛津阿斯利康集团的DNA疫苗具有一系列潜在优势，因为在此之前还没有任何mRNA或DNA疫苗得到美国食品和药物管理局的批准，而CoronaVac 疫苗是基于一种可靠的方法，即使用弱化或死亡的COVIE-19。3As climate changes, we think the mouse will move north because it can breed quickly, live in lots of habitats, has a broad diet, and individ
82、uals can travel a long way.分析：as引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词think后跟省略that的宾语从句，宾语从句中含有because引导的原因状语从句。译文：随着气候变化，我们认为老鼠会向北迁移，因为它繁殖迅速，生活在许多栖息地，饮食广泛，个体可以长途旅行。4Public health officials agree that one of the simplest ways to prevent the indoor spread of the virus is to increase the amount of outside air that comes i
83、nto our buildings.分析：句中的that引导宾语从句，不定式短语to prevent the indoor spread of the virus作定语，修饰ways，不定式短语to increase the amount of.作表语，定语从句that comes into our buildings修饰air。译文：公共卫生官员同意，防止病毒在室内传播的最简单方法之一是增加进入我们建筑物的外部空气量。5What all these changes have in common is that theyll happen only if the public continue to focus on indoor health after the acute crisis of the pandemic has passed.分析：What all these changes have in common是由what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句中if引导条件状语从句，after引导时间状语从句。译文：所有这些变化的共同点是，只有在大流行的严重危机过去之后，公众继续关注室内卫生，这些变化才会发生。13