1、十二必修4 Unit 12Culture Shock . 阅读理解A(2021荆门模拟)A British friend told me he couldnt understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds(嗑瓜子) as a snack so much. “Ive met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth; I believe thats from cracking the seeds, ” he said. I had nev
2、er noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever Im watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesnt like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small
3、 seed. When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Years Eve to check out what every household was making. I remember my paren
4、ts would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for
5、 neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I dont think its right to criticize ones choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem. Its not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts
6、of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think its a delicacy(美味佳肴), and its connected to their certain culture. I think its a wonderful tradition. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。用中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和丹麦人喜欢吃面包配咸红
7、鱼来证明饮食习惯来自特定的文化。1. What did the writer become aware of? A. She had ever typed a report about seeds. B. She had various snacks while watching TV. C. She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds. D. She had a habit of cracking sunflower seeds. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I had never noticed the habit, but
8、 once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever Im watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. ”可知, 作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯, 故D项正确。2. What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year? A. The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
9、 B. Eating sunflower seeds is related to it. C. The families get together for it. D. Children can eat delicious food on that day. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段可知, 春节的时候桌子上会摆放很多美食, 其中就有瓜子, 小孩可以在年夜饭前吃, 作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子。由此可知, 作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关, 故B项正确。3. The writers attitude to Denmarks way of eating bread is _. A.
10、 neutral (中立的)B. critical (批评的)C. acceptableD. doubtful【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可知, 作者认为丹麦人吃面包配咸红鱼是一个很好的传统。由此可知, 作者接受这种吃法, 故C项正确。4. What lesson can we learn from the story? A. One kind of food doesnt necessarily suit everyone. B. It is good to form healthy eating habits. C. Eating habits come from a ce
11、rtain culture. D. Changing your eating habits will change your life. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They think its a delicacy, and its connected to their certain culture. ”可知, 丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的, 这和他们的特定的文化有关, 正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春节文化有关。由此可知, 饮食习惯来自特定的文化, 故C项正确。【知识拓展】难句解读I realized that whenever Im watching TV or typing a
12、 report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. 分析: 本句中that引导宾语从句, 其中含有whenever引导的让步状语从句。翻译: 我意识到, 每当我在看电视或打报告的时候, 我总是开始无意识地嗑葵花籽。BJoining a short-term research program in China has not only allowed Pakistani agricultural scientist Sayyar Khan to push forward with his academic studies, b
13、ut also given him a chance to see a country he had heard so much about. Khan, 41, is an assistant professor at the Institute of Biotechnology and Genetics at the University of Agriculture located in the city of Peshawar in Pakistan. He is now doing a one-year post-doctoral fellowship at the Beijing
14、Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The program is sponsored by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and many young talented scientists who come from cooperating countries, such as Pakistan, are offered opportunities to work in China. Khan, who arrived in Beijing in November las
15、t year, mainly studies the bulb(鳞茎) of the lily plant, which is used for both traditional Chinese medicines and decorations. His job is to check the microbes(微生物)in the soil around the roots, and try to separate the microbes that are beneficial to the plant. Although this is his first visit to China
16、, Khan says he is well-informed of the long friendship between China and Pakistan. He is impressed by the cooperation in education between China and Pakistan, especially since the beginning of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. Khan says the Belt and Road Initiative will have a very positive impa
17、ct on the world, and expects the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor to bring great benefits to Pakistan. So far, his research program is going well, and 40 percent of the work has been completed. The current project has actually paved(铺设) the way for further cooperation between his university and the
18、academy, and the two organizations have already signed a memorandum of understanding. Also, visits were paid to both institutions over the past few months to discuss future cooperation. “I hope that I can continue visiting China to participate in such cooperation projects, ” he says. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,
19、 主要记叙了一位巴基斯坦科学家在中国高校学习, 从事科研的经历。5. Why does Sayyar Khan come to China? A. To visit China. B. To teach in China. C. To continue his study. D. To make business. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第一段可知他想继续他的学术研究。故选C。6. What is Sayyar Khans study of the bulb of lily plant for? A. Checking the microbes in the soil around li
20、ly. B. Traditional Chinese medicines and decorations. C. Isolating the microbes in the soil around lily. D. Producing more Chinese medicines only. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句His job is to check the microbes in the soil around the roots, and try to separate the microbes. . . 可知他研究的最终目的是分离鳞茎周围土壤中的微生物。故选C。7
21、. What does Khan think of the relationship between China and Pakistan? A. Hopeful. B. Critical. C. Worried. D. Pessimistic. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的词语“impressed; have a very positive impact on; bring great benefits to”可知他对中巴关系充满希望。故选A。8. Which of the following can replace the underlined word“memorandum”
22、in Paragraph 5? A. Name. B. Cheque. C. Document. D. Letter. 【解析】选C。 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的第二句“The current project has actually paved the way for further cooperation between his university and the academy”可知该词与C选项“document”文件意思相近。故选C。【知识拓展】词汇积累current adj. 现在的; 流通的, 通用的 n. (水, 气, 电)流; 趋势; 涌流actually adv. 实际上
23、; 事实上traditional adj. 传统的; 惯例的. 阅读填句(2021郑州模拟)Once, I had an American friend. After she went back home, I never heard from her again. I cant help but wonder if there can ever be real friendship between Westerners and us Chinese. What is friendship? The Oxford English Dictionary says, “The emotions o
24、r conduct of friends. ”In both Western and Chinese culture, we have similar proverbs when it comes to friendship, such as “a friend in need is a friend indeed. ”1Chinese people value friendship highly. As you know, Chinese people are known to be extremely hospitable and open-hearted. 2 However, ther
25、e are different types of friendship and they treat them differently. One type of friend in China is a “close acquaintance” who only occasionally eats and drinks and hangs out with you. In the West, they are called “a fair-weather(不可共患难的)friend. ”Nikki was that kind of friend. Despite our language ba
26、rrier, we had a lot of fun together. 3 Only real friends can enter your inner circle, where assistance and special care are always provided. 4 They tend to make friends with those who share the same values or interests. When a foreign friend of mine asks for favors on behalf of his or her friend, I
27、often have to clarify whether that person is a “close friend” or just a friend, and then I will decide how much I will help. 5 But the depth of that friendship is different. So how will you know how I feel about you? Well, the moment I stop being polite around you, you are my real friend. A. They re
28、fer to anyone they know as a “friend”. B. Friendship in the West is mostly pursued for fun. C. However, there is a cultural gap between the two sides. D. Of course, Westerners and Chinese people can be good friends. E. Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys. F. The second typ
29、e of friend in China is a “real friend” who is practically your family. G. Theyll take turns with you in picking up the bill, because thats what good friends do. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中西方在友谊文化上的差距。1. 【解析】选C。根据前一句“In both Western and Chinese culture, we have similar proverbs when it comes to friendsh
30、ip, such as a friend in need is a friend indeed. ”可知, 在中西方文化中, 我们在友谊方面有类似的谚语, 比如“患难见真情”。C项“然而, 双方在文化上存在差距”承上启下, C项中的“the two sides”和上文“In both Western and Chinese culture”相呼应, 符合语境。故选C项。2. 【解析】选A。根据前一句“As you know, Chinese people are known to be extremely hospitable and open-hearted. ”可知, 众所周知, 中国人非
31、常好客, 心胸开阔。A项“他们把认识的人称为朋友”承上启下, 符合语境。故选A项。3. 【解析】选F。根据上文的“One type of friend in China is a close acquaintance who only occasionally eats and drinks and hangs out with you. ”可知, 在中国, 有一种类型的朋友是“亲密的熟人”, 只会偶尔和你一起吃吃喝喝和闲逛。F项“在中国, 第二类朋友是真正的朋友, 实际上就是你的家人”承上启下, F项中的“The second type of friend in China”和上文的“One
32、 type of friend in China”相呼应, 符合语境。故选F项。4. 【解析】选B。根据后一句“They tend to make friends with those who share the same values or interests. ”可知, 他们倾向于与那些价值观或兴趣相同的人交朋友。B项“西方的友谊主要是为了乐趣” 与下文紧密衔接, B项中的“for fun”和下文的“share the same values or interests”相呼应, 符合语境。故选B项。5. 【解析】选D。根据后一句“But the depth of that friendsh
33、ip is different. ”可知, 但那种友谊的深度是不同的。D项“当然, 西方人和中国人可以成为好朋友”与下文紧密衔接, D项中的“can be good friends”和下文的“that friendship”相呼应, 符合语境。故选D项。【知识拓展】词汇积累similar adj. 相似的n. 类似物depth n. 深度occasionally adv. 偶尔; 间或hang out 闲逛. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021大庆模拟)Culture conflicts can occur anytime you travel
34、, but every once in a while they happen in some 1. (true) unexpected ways. From shopping with many coins to 2. (light) up a cigarette outdoors, these are strange and embarrassing travel mistakes 3. (travel) would do their best to avoid. For example, 4. is illegal to feed pigeons on the streets of Sa
35、n Francisco. The city 5. (know) for the Golden Gate Bridge blames the common birds for spreading disease and damaging property. Anyone 6. is caught providing food for San Franciscos pigeons could face a heavy fine. Moreover, citizens 7. (encourage) to report pigeon feeders to the citys police depart
36、ment. For another example, youd better think twice before you smoke in Singapore. Singapore has 8. (serious) smoking penalty(处罚)in the world. Smoking in public will earn a tough fine. More surprisingly, if youre shopping in Canada, dont expect cashiers 9. (accept) many coins as your sole method of p
37、ayment. According to Canadas Currency Act, stores can legally refuse excessive amounts 10. coins. With pennies, for example, customers payments may be rejected if they try to use more than 25 one-cent coins at a time. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在旅行过程中要注意的一些文化差异。1. 【解析】truly。考查副词。句意: 在你旅行中, 文化冲突随时都可能发生, 但偶尔
38、也会以意想不到的方式发生。空格所在的句子是一个主干成分完整的句子, 根据空格后的形容词unexpected可知此处要用一个副词来修饰形容词, 故答案为truly。2. 【解析】lighting。考查动名词。句意: 从用许多硬币购物到在户外点烟, 这些都是旅行者应该尽量避免的奇怪而尴尬的旅行错误。空格前的to为介词, 故空格处要填一个动名词, 故答案为lighting。3. 【解析】travelers。考查名词。句意: 从用许多硬币购物到在户外点烟, 这些都是旅行者应该尽量避免的奇怪而尴尬的旅行错误。根据空格后“would do their best to avoid”可知空格处所填词指人, 故
39、答案为travelers。4. 【解析】it。考查代词。句意: 例如, 在旧金山街头喂鸽子是违法的。分析句子结构可知“to feed pigeons”是句子真正的主语, 为了避免句子头重脚轻, 一般用it作形式主语, 故答案为it。5. 【解析】known。考查非谓语动词。句意: 这座以金门大桥闻名的城市, 指责普通鸟类传播疾病, 破坏财产。分析句子结构可知blames是句子的谓语, 故空格处要填所给动词的非谓语形式, The city与know是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故答案为known。6. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句引导词。句意: 任何为旧金山鸽子提供食物的人都将面临高额罚款。分
40、析句子结构可知空格所在的句子是一个缺少主语的定语从句, 先行词为不定代词Anyone, 故引导词可以用that, 先行词指人, 也可以用who引导, 故答案为who/that。7. 【解析】are encouraged。考查动词语态。句意: 此外, 还鼓励市民向市公安局举报喂鸽子者。分析句子结构可知空格处填谓语, citizens与encourage之间是被动关系, 且前一句为一般现在时, 故此处要用一般现在时的被动语态, 根据主谓一致可知答案为are encouraged。8. 【解析】the most serious。考查形容词的最高级。句意: 新加坡有世界上最严重的吸烟处罚。根据空格后的
41、名词短语smoking penalty可知空格处要填形容词, 根据in the world可知这是在全世界范围内, 结合语境, 此处要填形容词最高级, 故答案为the most serious。9. 【解析】to accept。考查固定搭配。句意: 如果你在加拿大购物, 不要期望收银员会接受很多硬币作为你唯一的付款方式。“expect sb. to do sth. ”固定搭配, 意为“期望某人做某事”, 故答案为to accept。10. 【解析】of。考查固定短语。句意: 商店可以合法地拒绝过多大量的硬币。“amounts of”固定搭配, 意为“大量的、相当数量的”, 故答案为of。 .
42、阅读理解(2021湖南模拟)The word sorry is probably the most over used word in the United Kingdom: whether people are sorry about the weather or sorry because someone else has bumped into(撞上) them, chances are an average person has made at least one apology in the past hour or two. The British apologise more f
43、requently than members of other cultures. But why? The readiness of the British to apologise for something they havent done is impressive. In her book Watching the English, social anthropologist Kate Fox describes experiments in which she deliberately bumped into hundreds of people in towns and citi
44、es across England. She also encouraged colleagues to do the same abroad, for comparison. Fox found that around 80% of English victims said sorryeven though the collisions were clearly Foxs fault. “Possibly people said it without even realising it, but compared to when tourists from other countries w
45、ere bumped into, the difference was marked, ” Fox writes. British society values that its members show respect without imposing(强加)on someone elses personal space, and without drawing attention to oneself. As a consequence, British people may sometimes use sorry in a way that can seem inappropriate
46、to outsiders, including Americans. There may be some benefits to say sorry, toosuch as fostering trust. Interestingly, that is true even when people are apologising not for mistakes theyve made, but rather for circumstances beyond their control. In one study, psychologist Wood Brooks arranged for an
47、 actor to approach 65 strangers at a train station on a rainy day and ask to borrow their mobile phones. In half the cases, the actor began by saying: “Sorry about the rain”. When he did this, 47% of strangers gave him their mobiles, compared to only 9% when he simply asked to borrow their phones. F
48、urther experiments confirmed it was the apology about the weather that mattered, not the politeness of the opening sentence. “By saying Im sorry about the rain, the apologizer acknowledges an unfortunate circumstance, takes the victims attitude and expresses empathy for the negative circumstanceeven
49、 though it is outside of his or her control, ” says Wood Brooks. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍相较其他文化, 英国人表示“sorry”(对不起)时所具有的不同的文化内涵。1. Why did Fox deliberately bump into people? A. To prove what was written in her book. B. To compare the results of her experiments. C. To see how many people would make an ap
50、ology. D. To see how many people would demand an apology. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段Fox found that around 80% of English victims said sorryeven though the collisions were clearly Foxs fault. 可知, Fox发现大约80%的英国受害者说“对不起”, 尽管这些碰撞显然是Fox的错。由此可知, Fox故意撞人, 目的是想了解有多少人会道歉。故选C。2. What is the effect of saying sorry to
51、people about the rain? A. It makes them believe in you. B. It makes them feel confident. C. It helps them deal with a difficult situation. D. It makes them less worried about the weather. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第六段There may be some benefits to say sorry, toosuch as fostering trust. (说“对不起”也可能有一些好处, 例如促进信任。)
52、和第七段 In half the cases, the actor began by saying: “Sorry about the rain”. When he did this, 47% of strangers gave him their mobiles, compared to only 9% when he simply asked to borrow their phones. (在一半的情况下, 演员一开始就说: “下雨了, 很抱歉。”当他这么做时, 47%的陌生人把他们的手机给了他, 而当他只是简单地向他们借手机时, 只有9%的人会这么做。)可知, 为下雨的事向人们道歉的效
53、果是会赢得人们的信任。故选A。3. Which of the following can replace the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. shows interest inB. expresses doubts aboutC. gives his or her opinion aboutD. shares the victims feelings about【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线部分前“By saying Im sorry about the rain, the apologizer acknowledges an unf
54、ortunate circumstance, takes the victims attitude可知, 通过说下雨了, 很抱歉, 道歉者承认了一个不幸的情况, 接受了受害者的态度; 由此可知, 接下来是要表示对受害者的同情; 结合选项可知, 选项D符合题意。故选D。4. What does the text focus on? A. Social skills. B. Changes in languages. C. Traditional customs. D. Cultural differences in languages. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。阅读文章并结合第一段The wo
55、rd sorry is probably the most over used word in the United Kingdom: whether people are sorry about the weather or sorry. . . 可知, 本文主要介绍相较其他文化, 英国人表示“sorry”(对不起)时所具有的不同的文化内涵。由此可知, 本文主要关注了语言的文化差异。故选D。【知识拓展】难句解读When he did this, 47% of strangers gave him their mobiles, compared to only 9% when he simpl
56、y asked to borrow their phones. 分析: 本句为主从复合句。其中when引导时间状语从句, 意为“当的时候”; compared to only 9%. . . 为过去分词短语作状语。翻译: 当他这么做时, 47%的陌生人把他们的手机给了他, 而当他只是简单地向他们借手机时, 只有9%的人会这么做。. 完形填空(2021合肥模拟)Americans prefer to try every way to have fun. For example, they drive their own cars, some even tow a small boat after
57、 vehicle. They start from Los Angeles, California under sun, 1 through four or five hundred miles to go to La Fulin, Colorado to spend weekends while Chinese people are still 2 with work, and have dinner at home together with families at weekends or 3 time watching TV. The difference is mainly due t
58、o cultural customs and traditions4 the two countries. It is said that Chinese people are living for others, while Americans are for 5. When Chinese people come to the United States, they fight for 6 first, and then desperately make money after they are recognized by others. It seems that, the purpos
59、e to earn money is not to enjoy life, 7 for their following generations sons and daughters and even grandchildren. Chinese people prefer to save money 8 emergency, such as illness. Although Chinese people with 9 in the United States dont need to worry about their own social welfare and health insura
60、nce, they work still very hard, as they hope that they can 10 more money. Chinese peoples interest is in the amount on the passbook(存折), so they spend 11 money usually. Most of Chinese are very thrifty(节约的), and they are 12 to spend money, but there are exceptions. They are willing to spend money on
61、 their 13. Many Chinese people think that, they endure(容忍) many 14, so they wish that their children could live much better. Therefore, in the United States elementary schools, you can see that those who 15 the best clothes, with more pocket money are Chinese students. In contrast, American children
62、 dress very simply, with just a little pocket money. 16 Chinese, Americans believe in living for themselves. They do everything for their own. 17, they earn money to enjoy a 18 life, and pursue a higher quality of life. As for their own parents or children, they think that parents have their own pen
63、sion and social welfare, and children should live a(n) 19 life when they are 18 years old. So they could boldly spend money on themselves. 20, Americans save little money. In the street, it is easy for Chinese to take out 300-400 dollars, but it is hard to say for Americans. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。由于中美两国文化和
64、传统差异, 两国人民对待钱的态度也非常不同。中国人努力挣钱、存钱, 把钱留给自己的下一辈; 而美国人挣钱是为了享受更好的生活。1. A. running B. driving C. going D. walking【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他们从洛杉矶开始, 在加利福尼亚的骄阳下, 开车穿越了四五百英里去科罗拉多州过周末, 而中国人仍然在忙着工作, 周末和家人一起吃饭或者花时间看电视。running跑; driving开车; going去; walking走。根据上文的For example, they drive their own cars可知此处用“开车”符合语境, dri
65、ve是原词复现, 故选B项。2. A. boringB. pleasantC. busyD. angry【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 同上。boring无聊的; pleasant愉快的; busy繁忙的; angry生气的。根据句意可知, 此处考查短语be busy with sth. “忙于某事”, 故选C项。3. A. spendB. takeC. costD. pay【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 同上。spend花费; take花费; cost花费; pay支付。根据句意可知, 此处考查固定短语spend time (in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”,
66、 故选A项。4. A. throughB. forC. amongD. between【解析】选D。考查介词词义辨析。句意: 此不同之处主要是由于两国之间的文化习俗和传统。through穿过; for为了; among在(三者或以上)之间; between在(两者)之间。根据上下文可知, 此处是指中国和美国两个国家之间的文化习俗和传统, 故选D项。5. A. themselvesB. theirsC. themD. others【解析】选A。考查代词词义辨析。句意: 据说, 中国人是为他人而活, 而美国人是为他们自己而活。themselves他们自己; theirs他们的; them他们; o
67、thers其他人。根据句意可知, 此处用“他们自己”符合语境, 故选A项。6. A. survivalB. remainderC. existenceD. material【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 当中国人到美国时, 他们一开始是努力活下来, 然后在被他人认可后开始拼命挣钱。survival幸存, 活下来; remainder通知单, 提示物; existence存在; material物质, 材料。根据下文的and then desperately make money可知此处用“活下来”符合语境, 故选A项。7. A. orB. norC. butD. and【解析】选C。考
68、查并列连词辨析。句意: 似乎挣钱不是为了享受生活, 而是为了他们的子女后代甚至是孙子/女。or或者; nor也不; but但是; and和, 并且。根据句意可知, 此处考查固定表达not. . . but. . . “不是而是”, 故选C项。8. A. in possession ofB. on account ofC. in spite ofD. in case of【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析, 句意: 中国人偏向于存钱以防突发情况, 例如疾病。in possession of拥有; on account of由于; in spite of尽管; in case of以防。根据句意可知,
69、 此处用“以防”符合语境, 故选D项。9. A. identityB. forceC. fameD. power【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 尽管在美国有身份的中国人不用担心他们自己的社会福利和医保, 但是他们仍然很努力地工作, 因为他们希望他们可以存更多钱。identity身份; force武力; fame名声; power力量。结合上下文可知, 此处是指得到美国国籍的中国人, 故选A项。10. A. borrowB. giveC. useD. save【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 同上。borrow借; give给; use使用; save存。根据上文的Chinese
70、people prefer to save money _emergency可知此处用“存”符合语境, save是原词复现, 故选D项。11. A. largeB. fewC. muchD. little【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 中国人的兴趣在存折上钱的数量, 因此他们平时几乎不花钱。large大的; few几乎没有; much很多; little几乎没有。根据句意可知, 此处用“几乎没有”符合语境, few修饰可数名词, 故选D项。12. A. easyB. reluctantC. willingD. happy【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 大多数中国人都很节约,
71、 他们不愿意花钱, 但也有例外。easy容易的; reluctant不情愿的; willing乐意的; happy高兴的。根据上文的Most of Chinese are very thrifty可知很多中国人不愿意花钱, 故选B项。13. A. childrenB. relativesC. parentsD. friends【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他们乐意把钱花在孩子身上。children孩子; relatives亲人; parents父母; friends朋友。根据上文的It seems that, the purpose to earn money is not to e
72、njoy life, _ for their following generations sons and daughters and even grandchildren可知中国的父母愿意把钱花在孩子身上, 故选A项。14. A. hardshipsB. problemsC. obsessionD. convenience【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 很多中国人都认为他们吃了很多苦, 所以他们希望他们的孩子可以生活得更好。hardships困苦; problems问题; obsession痴迷; convenience便利。根据上下文可知, 很多中国人因为自己吃了苦, 所以希望孩子
73、不吃苦, 故选A项。15. A. matchB. decorateC. dressD. wear【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 因此, 在美国的小学, 你可以看到那些穿最好的衣服, 有更多零花钱的学生是中国学生。match相配; decorate装饰; dress给穿; wear穿着。根据句意可知, 此处用“穿着最好的衣服”符合语境, dress后面只能接人, 故选D项。16. A. Different fromB. Interested inC. Similar toD. Thanks to【解析】选A。考查形容词短语辨析。句意: 和中国人不同, 美国人是为自己而活。Differen
74、t from和不同; Interested in对感兴趣; Similar to与相似; Thanks to多亏。根据上下文可知, 此处是把美国人和中国人作对比, 故选A项。17. A. OtherwiseB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Since【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 因此, 他们挣钱是为了享受更好的生活, 追求更高质量的生活。Otherwise否则; However然而; Therefore因此; Since自从, 因为。根据句意可知, 上下文是因果关系, 故选C项。18. A. betterB. wellC. goodD. rich【解析】选A。考查形容
75、词比较级。句意: 同上。better更好的; well好的; good好的; rich富裕的。根据下文的and pursue a higher quality of life可知此处应用形容词比较级, 故选A项。19. A. singleB. independentC. differentD. comfortable【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 对于他们自己的父母或孩子, 他们认为父母有自己的养老金和社会福利, 孩子在18岁时就应该独立生活。single单一的; independent独立的; different不同的; comfortable舒适的。根据文化常识可知, 美国人认为
76、孩子在18岁时应该独立生活, 故选B项。20. A. In that caseB. As a wholeC. In this wayD. As a result【解析】选D。考查副词短语辨析。句意: 因此, 美国人很少存钱。In that case那样的话; As a whole总体上; In this way用这种方法; As a result因此。结合上下文可知, 此处与上文是因果关系, 故选D项。. 短文改错I am very luckily to have the opportunity to see so many place, but sometimes I experience
77、culture shock when I see or do something new. Dad and I now are travelled through Denmark, Norway and Sweden. I used to thinking that these countries are the same, but not any more. People in Denmark are a bit of friendlier, while Norwegians and Swedes prefer not to talk to strangers. Im surprised t
78、o learn that many people there speak English in addition their national languages. In Sweden, it seems that anyone has golden hair and blue eyes. I feel a little strange with my black hair and dark eyes. I imagine this is that foreigners feel when they visit China! 1. 【解析】第一句luckilylucky。考查形容词。 be l
79、ucky to do sth. 意为“做某事很幸运”, be动词后常跟形容词。故把luckily改为lucky。2. 【解析】第一句placeplaces。考查名词单复数。many一般跟可数名词的复数形式, 此处指许多地方, 故把place改为places。3. 【解析】第二句travelledtraveling/travelling。考查语态。父亲和“我”现在在丹麦, 挪威和瑞典旅游, 是主动的。故把travelled改为traveling/ travelling。4. 【解析】第三句thinkingthink。考查固定搭配。 used to do sth. 是固定结构, 表示“过去常常做某
80、事”。故把thinking改为think。5. 【解析】第三句arewere。考查时态。主句时态 used to表示“过去常常”, 从句时态应该与其保持一致, 用一般过去时。故把are改为were。6. 【解析】第四句去掉a bit后面的of。考查介词。a bit意为“一点”, 相当于副词, 常用来修饰形容词。故去掉a bit后面的of。7. 【解析】第五句therehere。考查副词。文章是“我”在北欧三国旅行时于当地写的, 所以用here。故把there改为here。8. 【解析】第五句在in addition后面加to。考查介词。 in addition意为“另外”, in additi
81、on to意为“除之外”。此处指许多人除了说母语之外还说英语。故在in addition后面加to。9. 【解析】第六句anyoneeveryone。考查代词。根据句意“每一个瑞典人似乎都有着金发碧眼”, 故把anyone改为everyone。10. 【解析】第八句thathow。考查连词。句意: 我想外国人在中国旅行时也是这样感受的吧! 根据句意, 此处表语从句应该用how引导, 故把that改为how。. 书面表达(2021绍兴模拟)假定你是李华, 想邀请你校交换生Jonah 一起参加你校“中国文化节”活动。请你用英语给Jonah写一封邀请信, 内容包括: 1. 活动时间和地点; 2. 活
82、动内容; 3. 活动目的。注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。Dear Jonah, Yours, Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Jonah, Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture, Im writing to invite you to join us in “Chinese Cultural Festival”. It will be held in the school gym from December 10th to December 16th, which aims to arouse s
83、tudents enthusiasm for the Chinese traditional culture. A variety of activities will be organized, such as a Chinese poetry contest, an exhibition of paper-cutting and the introduction to Chinese traditional festivals. I would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure. Yours, Li Hua. 语法填
84、空Several differences between Eastern and Western culturesIt is well 1. known(know) that westerners eat with knives and forks, but easterners with 2. chopsticks(chopstick). The westerners eat almost no rice, 3. but meat, and the easterners eat lots of rice with some meat and other food. What is more
85、interesting 4. is(be) that westerners eat the salad without 5. cooking(cook) it, but the easterners love cooking in most of 6. their(they) time. In the west, dark or tan skin is 7. what shows health and prettiness. But in the east, the whiter you are, the 8. prettier (pretty)you are. People in the w
86、est would rather rent a house with enough money 9. than build or buy a house with loans. Well, most of the easterners behave just 10. oppositely(opposite). 【加固训练】阅读填句(2021湖南模拟)When you go to a foreign country, you often enter a new culture. The differences between cultures may make you feel stressed
87、 and you often find it difficult to adjust to the new surroundings, which is usually called “culture shock”. The psychological and physiological symptoms of culture shock may appear depending on the individuals. Some often feel anxious while adjusting to a new cultureeven more so when the cultural d
88、istances are wide. 1 They remain homesick and feel so sad about being separated from their friends back home that they long to return, especially within the first year. 2People adjusting to a new culture often feel lonely because the language barrier makes it hard to create new relationships. Furthe
89、rmore, having trouble with the native language often makes them unwilling to interact with other people. 3 You may do some research on the cultural aspects of the new country such as the history, customs, and religious beliefs, rather than on what to see and where to go, so you may get prepared for
90、a culture that is different from yours. Studying the language is also a great way to help bridge the gap between the cultures. 4A local club provides the perfect environment to get to know people who have a similar focus, so join one so that you can meet some locals and develop new friendships. 5 Th
91、ere are other travelers who have the same experiences in a foreign country. Talk with them, sharing feelings, tips and insight. A. They may lose appetite and have sleep problems. B. Still, the most important change is communication. C. They make a lot of effort to get used to the new surroundings. D
92、. The more of it is understood, the more of the new culture can be understood. E. Learning about your future destination is a great way to get over culture shock. F. Plus, remember that you arent alone in your struggle to adjust in a new country. G. Actually, staying in a foreign country helps you t
93、o know more of the new culture. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了去国外克服文化冲突的几条建议。1. 【解析】选A。由上两句“文化冲击的心理和生理症状可能因个体而异。有些人在适应新文化时常常感到焦虑, 当文化距离较远时更是如此。”可知, 承接上文, A选项“他们可能会失去食欲并且有睡眠问题”切题; 该选项中的lose appetite and have sleep problems对应上文中的physiological symptoms of culture shock和feel anxious。故选A项。2. 【解析】选B。由下一句“适应新文化的人常常感到孤
94、独, 因为语言障碍使他们很难建立新的关系。”可知, 承接下文, B选项“不过, 最重要的改变是沟通”切题; 该选项中的communication对应下文中的the language barrier。故选B项。3. 【解析】选E。由下一句“你可以研究新国家的文化方面, 例如历史、习俗和宗教信仰, 而不是去看什么和去哪里, 这样你就可以为一种不同于你的文化做好准备。”可知, 承接下文, E选项“了解你未来的目的地是克服文化冲击的好方法”切题; 该选项对应下文中的“研究新国家的文化方面可为新文化做好准备”。故选E项。4. 【解析】选D。由上一句“学习语言也是一个很好的方法, 有助于弥合文化之间的差距
95、。”可知, 承接上文, D选项“了解得越多, 就越能了解新文化”切题; 该选项中的it对应上文中的language。故选D项。5. 【解析】选F。由上一句“一个当地的俱乐部提供了一个完美的环境, 让你认识那些有着相似关注点的人, 所以加入一个俱乐部, 这样你就可以结识一些当地人, 发展新的友谊。”可知, 承接上文, F选项“另外, 记住, 在一个新的国家里, 你并不是唯一一个努力适应的人”切题; 该选项中的you arent alone对应上文中的people who have a similar focus。故选F项。【知识拓展】背景链接文化冲突(Culture conflict)是指两种组织文化在互动过程中由于某种抵触或对立状态所感受到的一种压力或者冲突。在对企业并购过程中文化冲突问题的研究中, 多数学者探讨的对象是不同组织形态的公司文化之间相互排斥、对立的演变过程。它包括企业内部由于工种、背景不同引发的冲突, 也包含企业在跨国经营过程中因社会观念、民族区域的不同而产生的冲突。
