1、2015高考英语昆明市（三月）阅读类课外自练（4）及答案（由2012上海市浦东新区高三第三次模拟改编）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica. Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and no
2、ted that the birds heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who
3、does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins. The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adve
4、rsely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying pe
5、nguin behavior towards humans. “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠夺者) to fly in and remove eggs
6、or chicks.”The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimons findings d
7、o not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently and Nimons work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culiks research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fit
8、ting them with beart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently. 1. According to the passage, what overall message is presented?A. No firm conclusions are drawn.B. Neither Culiks nor Nimons findings are of much value.
9、C. Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.D. Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers.2. Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage?A. Penguins are harder to research when they have young.B. Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Anta
10、rctica.C. Not all penguins behave in the same way.D. Penguins need better protection from tourists.3. What do you notice about the views presented in the passage?A. They are groundless. B. They are factual.C. They are descriptive. D. They are conflicting.69. What does the underlined word (final line
11、) probably mean?A. later on B. carmly C. separately D. in the same place【参考答案】14、ACDA阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。In business, theres a speed difference：Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy(策略)and how fast the company
12、actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge en
13、ded up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up ”improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a threeyear period
14、.How did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower ” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the
15、 time it takes to deliver value ). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lowerquality products and services.In our study, higherperforming companies with strategic
16、speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency
17、, Stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business
18、 goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.提速，似乎是历来公司老总们所追求的，增加效益更是他们的最终目标。而人们对于速度的不同理解和方法的不同，确实适得其反。1What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean ?AIncrease the speed.BGet an advantage.CReach the limit.DSet a goal.答案：B。理解判断题。在文章的第一段中就提到了许多公司提速的目的就是利益问题，信息词“fearful of l
19、osing their competitive advantage”可以表明划线部分的意义同选项B。2The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means _.Aspending more time and performing worseBspending more time and performing betterCspending less time and performing worse Dspending less time and performing better答案：D。归纳概况题。既
20、然公司追求的是提速，自然意味着：take less time ；而最终的效益还得需要performing better，故两者结合，才是公司一直在梦寐以求的最佳目标。故选D。3. What can we learn from the text?AHow fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.BHow competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.CFirms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.DFirms
21、 guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.答案：C。细节判断题。倒数第二段的第一句里含有本题的信息，即同选项C的说法是一致的。4Which could be the best title for the text?AImprove quality? Serve better.BDeliver value? Plough ahead.CReduce time? Move faster.DNeed speed? Slow down.答案：D。主旨大意题。文章的开头就已经点明了本文的主题方向，即：公
22、司想方设法提高工作速度；而文中通过分析比较不同公司的不同的做法和他们对于速度不同的理解，如果没有好的决策，适得其反，故选项D是最佳答案。【2013界广东深圳市第二次调研考试】 完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Massive Open Online Courses are also called MOOCs. Tens of thousands, or even more people can 1 these classes all at once. You can be anywhere in the worl
23、d to take a MOOC. All you need is a 2 and a network connection.MOOCs add to a tradition of what is known as 3 learning. For years, many colleges have offered classes that are taught 4 or mostly online. MOOCs are available in subjects like computer science or engineering, which work quite well. But c
24、an MOOCs in subjects like arts be as 5 as the old teaching approach? Scott Anderson teaches philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Canada. He sees both good and 6 sides to MOOCs. “There are parts that will be fine, mostly when students listen to a 7 , there is no special reason why they
25、 need to be 8 present to hear and get it,” says Mr. Anderson. Increased numbers of students in MOOCs can mean 9 communication between them and teachers. He says two ways to deal with this are by adding more teachers and 10 up online discussion groups. Lisa Jadwin, who teaches English and writing at
26、St. John Fisher College in New York, says that online education has some weakness for her subjects. Whats 11 in online education is face to face interaction, for example, the teaching of English is a face to face 12 practice. So the old approach is not going to be 13 very quickly by computer aided i
27、nstruction.Bill Pogue teaches communications at the University of Houston downtown. He says that after leading classes for more than 30 years, he would not attempt to teach a MOOC. However, Mr. Pogue sees good 14 in online education. He noted a strong sense of community in an online course he once t
28、ook. He said the students could work 15 on the same project while living in different regions. 1AcutBacceptCgiveDtake【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解能力。cut切； accept接受； give给；take拿走。take class上课；成千上万的人甚至更多的人都想去取上这种网络授课，故选D。2AcomputerBtelephoneCtelevisionDradio【答案】A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解能力。computer电脑； telephone电话；televisi
29、on电视机； radio收音机。根据You can be anywhere in the world to take a MOOC，根据常识可知要想上网络上课必须要有一个电脑和网络连接，故选A。3AconstantBsimilarCdistantDcreative【答案】C【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解能力。constant不变的； similar相似的；distant遥远的； creative创造性的。根据常识可知网络课程也就是我们所熟知的远程教育，故选C。4ArarelyBmerelyCpartlyDequally【答案】C【解析】考查副词及语境的理解能力。rarely很少； merely
30、仅仅； partly部分地，在一定程度上； equally相等地。根据下文mostly online可知这里应选与mostly相对应的一个词；许多大学是一部分或绝大部分都是在网上授课的，故选C。5AexpensiveBeffectiveCsensitiveDactive【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解能力。expensive昂贵的； effective有效的； sensitive敏感的；active积极的。像艺术这样的功课能和传统的教学方法一样的效果吗，故选B。6AwrongBbadCrightDpositive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解能力。wrong错误的； bad
31、坏的； right正确； positive肯定的。根据good与它对应映的是bad；他能看见网络授课好的和坏的方面，故选B。7AlectureBchatCdebateDcontest【答案】A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解能力。lecture讲课，演讲； chat聊天； debate辩论； contest比赛。listen to a lecture听课；有些方面是好的，当学生听课的时候，没有特殊的身体的原因他们要亲自听和记的，故选A。8AphysicallyBspirituallyCmentallyDcommercially【答案】A【解析】考查副词及语境的理解能力。physically身体上的
32、； spiritually精神上的； mentally精神上地； commercially商业地。当学生听课的时候，没有特殊的身体的原因他们要亲自听和记的，故选A。9AbetterBmoreClessDfewer【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的比较级及语境的理解能力。better更好的； more更多的；less更少的，后跟不可数名词； fewer更少的，后跟可数名词。根据online discussion groups.可知日益增长的学生数量意味着在学生和老师之间有更少的交流，故选C。10AgettingBlookingCmakingDsetting【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解能力。
33、getting获得； looking看； making制造； setting放置。set up建立；他说了为了解决这方面的问题的两个方法是通过增加老师和建立探讨小组的方式进行，故选D。 11AobtainedBlostCexposedDpreferred【答案】B【解析】考查动词及语境的理解能力。obtained获得； lost失去； exposed暴露； preferred喜欢。be lost缺失；根据the teaching of English is a face to face可知网上教育缺少的是面对面的互动，故选B。12AcarefulBbasicCattentiveDinterac
34、tive【答案】D【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解能力。careful仔细的； basic基本的； attentive注意的； interactive互动。英语教学是面对面的互动实践，故选D。13AturnedBtakenCmissedDremoved【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解能力。turned变成； taken拿走； missed错过； removed去掉，远离。老的教学方法也不可能被新增加的电脑辅助教学去掉，故选D。14AideaBformCvalueDhabit【答案】C【解析】考查名词及语境的理解能力。idea主意；form形式； value价值； habit习惯。Pogue先生看见在网上教育的好的价值，故选C。15AtogetherBalongCoutdoorsDagain【答案】A【解析】考查副词及语境的理解能力。together一起； along一起； outdoors在外面； again又。根据上文可知他说当住在不同地区的学生能够在一起合作同一个个计划，故选A。