1、Module 5Great People and GreatInventions of Ancient China(主题语境：人与社会历史、社会与文化)基础知识全面回顾JI CHU ZHI SHI QUAN MIAN HUI GU 单词分类巧记阅读词汇认读1principle n_原则；准则_2philosophy n._哲学_3adviser n._顾问_4category n._范畴；种类_核心词汇识记1_position_n职位2_stress_vt.强调3_condition_n状况；条件；环境4_equal_adj.平等的_equality_n.平等5_importance_n.重要
2、；重要性_important_adj.重要的6_influential_adj.有影响的_influence_n.& v影响7_honesty_ n诚实_honest_ adj.诚实的8_contribution_n.贡献_contribute_vt.贡献9_invent_vt.发明_invention_n.发明_inventor_n.发明家10_argument_n.争论；辩论；议论_argue_v.争论；辩论11_freedom_n.自由_free_adj.自由的；空闲的；免费的用所给词的适当形式填空1He is a very _influential_ person. He has an
3、 important _influence_on peoples ideas.(influential)2I dislike their _argument_ but they often _argue_ with each other about some small matters.(argue)3Edison was a great _inventor_and was famous for his _inventions_ because he _invented_ many things in his life.(invent)4_Freed_ from prison，he conti
4、nued his struggle for _freedom_of his people.(free)5The writer personally_contributed_5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his _contributions_ were gratefully received.(contribute)6The _honest_ boy impressed all the employers with his _honesty_.(honesty) 短语互译速记1与交战_be at war with_2养育；抚养_br
5、ing up_3为自豪_be proud of_4同意；与相符；适合(某人)_agree with_5become interested in_对感兴趣_6in conclusion_总之_7for the first time_第一次_8a sense of responsibility_责任感_选用上述短语填空1_Brought up_ in a happy and wealthy family，Robert learned how to observe good manners at home.2Absolutely，she _is proud of _her son who has g
6、ot his Doctors degree from Harvard University.3_In conclusion_，as adults，we should take more into consideration when making decisions.4The two sides did not agree on the subject _for the first time_，so today they will sit down once more to have a discussion.5I _became interested in _Chinese literatu
7、re the moment I arrived in China.6You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _agree with _you，I suppose.1“形容词-y变为名词”单词汇总(1)honesthonesty诚实(2)difficultdifficulty困难(3)modestmodesty谦虚2“焦虑的”大集合(1)anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的(2)stressed adj.紧张的；焦虑的(3)worried adj.焦急的；担心的(4)nervous adj.神经紧张的；焦虑不安的(5)ten
8、se adj.紧张的；焦虑的(6)concerned adj.焦急的；担忧的3各种“争论”(1)argument n争论；辩论(2)discussion n讨论(3)debate n争论；辩论(4)quarrel n争吵(5)dispute n争论；争端4“atn.”短语集合(1)at war处于交战状态(2)at peace处于和平状态(3)at work在工作(4)at table在吃饭(5)at rest在休息5“感”一览(1)a sense of responsibility责任感(2)a sense of direction方向感(3)a sense of humour幽默感(4)a
9、 sense of achievement成就感(5)a sense of belonging归属感6“出毛病”小结(1)go wrong(2)out of order(3)break down 佳句精析精练1Treat others in the way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。精析way“方式；方法”，作先行词并且在从句中作状语时，用in which，that或省略关系词的形式引导定语从句。2Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man
10、is good.孟子认为，人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。精析“the reason why.is that.”中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。3However，we do know that in 1092 AD he invented.然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年，他发明了精析“do/does/did动词原形”表示强调。4Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.汽车在19世纪末首次投入使用，那时并不比马快多少。精析“no比较级tha
11、n”表示“一者并不比另一者；两者都不”。句式仿写根据上述句式完成句子1她羡慕我回答问题的方式。She admired _the way (that)/in which_ I answered the questions.2我没有参加宴会的原因是我太忙了。The reason_why_ I didnt attend the party _was that_ I was too busy.3他的确喜欢听古典音乐。_He does enjoy_ listening to classical music.4半真半假的话不见得比说谎要好。A half truth is often _no better
12、than_ a lie. 单元语法过关定语从句语法填空1That scientist _whose_ work is successful has been made a model worker.解析句意：那个工作很成功的科学家已经当选为劳动模范。句中的先行词为that scientist，且空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词work，所以用whose引导。2His new car，for _which_ he paid 7,000 pounds，has already had to be repaired.解析句意：他花了7,000英镑买来的那辆新车已经不得不修理了。此处是“介词forwhi
13、ch”引导的定语从句，先行词为his new car。3In our school there are 200 computers，_of_which 60% need replacing.解析句意：我们学校有200台电脑，其中有60%的电脑需要更换。此处of表示整体与部分的关系，即用于“部分of整体(which，whom)”结构中。此句可以转化为“In our school there are 200 computers，and 60% of them need replacing.”。4Many people tried to leave the country，_where_ there
14、 was much violence and a serious shortage of food supply.解析逗号后面的句子为定语从句，修饰先行词the country，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where。5The classroom is crowded with children_who_ have poor eyesight，all of _them _ interested in painting.解析句意：教室中挤满了视力不好的孩子，他们都对绘画感兴趣。who have poor eyesight是定语从句， 修饰先行词children。all of them in
15、terested in painting是独立主格结构。考点探究素养演练KAO DIAN TAN JIU SU YANG YAN LIAN高频单词1equal adj. 平等的；相等的；胜任的v. 等于；比得上n相匹敌的人(东西)激活知识 语法填空(2019全国卷)Your personal circumstances are _equally_ (equal) important.I am not equal _to_ the position，so I dont apply for it.None of us can equal him _in_ strength.I will make
16、full preparations for the job interview because I believe in _equality_ (equal) of opportunity.归纳拓展(1)feel/be equal to(doing) sth.能胜任(做)；与相等be equal in 在方面相同/相等without equal 无比；无敌equal sb./sth.(in sth.) 与某人/某物(在某方面)相同或相等(2)equality n平等；相等equally adv.相等地；平等地巧学助记无与伦比的equal能力提升 句型转换No one matches him i
17、n courage，about which everyone knows.No one _equals him in_courage，about which everyone knows.No one _is equal to him in _courage，about which everyone knows.2contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件激活知识 语法填空(2020全国卷)Emoji can contribute directly _to_ that positive outcome.(2020江苏高考)Wilson received several internati
18、onal awards for his great _contributions_ (contribute).导图助记能力提升 完成句子Dont undervalue Jims _contributions_ to the research.不要低估了吉姆在研究工作中的贡献。Would you like to _make a contribution to_ the hospital building fund?你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？3order n秩序；次序；命令；规则；订单vt.命令；订购；点菜激活知识 观察句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义(2020新全国卷)You should avo
19、id eating with heavier people who order large portions. (_点菜_)(2020天津高考) Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight？(_订_)(2017江苏高考)Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data，with users consent.(_命令_)(全国卷)Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26
20、.(_顺序_)归纳拓展(1)in order 整齐；秩序井然；按顺序；妥当的out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒；混乱place an order for sth. with sb. 向某人订购某物(2)order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事orderthat-clause 命令提示：order作动词时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语要用“should动词原形”，should可以省略；作名词表示“命令”时，相关的从句也要用虚拟语气。能力提升 语法填空The government has placed an order _for_ new weapons.Th
21、e old man ordered the rude young man _to go_ (go) out.He ordered that the work should _ be started_ (start) at once.4condition n条件；状况；环境激活知识 语法填空(2020全国卷)Its the off-set training and living _conditions_ (condition) that are raising concerns.Though in his eighties，the old man is still _in_ good condi
22、tion._On_ no condition must you tell them the secret.Can you imagine such conditions _where_ you have nothing to live on for a week?归纳拓展(1)living/housing/working conditions生活/住房/工作条件under.conditions在条件下(2)be in good/bad/poor condition状况良好/恶劣；健康/不健康out of condition身体不适(3)on condition(that).在条件下；倘若on
23、no condition决不(放于句首时，句子需部分倒装)注意：(1)condition表示“环境”时，常用复数形式；表示“状况”时，是不可数名词；表示“条件”时，是可数名词。(2)on no condition位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词等放在主语之前。能力提升 句型转换There is no difficulty we cannot overcome as long as we are united.There is no difficulty we cannot overcome _on condition that_ we are united.China wil
24、l never be the first to use nuclear weapons._On no condition_will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.5stress n压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张激活知识 语法填空(2020全国卷)But the sports strange form does place considerable stress _on_ the ankles and hips.Things can easily go wrong when people are _under_stress.Studyin
25、g abroad can be _stressful_(stress)，because you have to worry about adjusting to a new culture at the same time.Cooperation or teamwork，the importance _of_ which is often stressed，plays an important part in football matches.归纳拓展(1)stress the importance of强调的重要性(2)under stress在压力之下under the stress of
26、在压力下；为所迫lay/put/place stress on强调；把重点放在上(3)stressful adj.压力大的；紧张的能力提升 一句多译老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。Teachers often _ stressed the importance of_ diligence in the approach to success. (stress v)Teachers often _laid stress on_diligence in the approach to success. (stress n. )常考短语6bring up养育；抚养；提出；呕吐激活知识 观察
27、句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义To our surprise，Tom was brought up by a Chinese couple.(_抚养_)All these problems were brought up at the last meeting.(_提出_)The greedy child brought up all he had eaten.(_呕吐_)归纳拓展bring about引起；产生；导致；带来bring sth.back带回某物；使想起bring down让降下来；使倒下bring forward提前bring in引入bring out取出；使显出；阐明；出版能
28、力提升 介副词填空Science has brought _about_ many changes in our lives.In addition to his salary，he has investments which bring _in_ about five hundred pounds a year.Martin has been bringing _up_ all he ate.Difficulties can bring _out_ a persons best qualities.必备句型7Treat others in the way you want to be tre
29、ated.己所不欲，勿施于人。激活知识 句式仿写I dont like the way _(that/in which) he looks at me_.我不喜欢他那样看着我。归纳拓展(1)way作“方式；方法”讲，在句中作先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用that或in which来引导，也可省略。(2)若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则使用关系代词which或that。(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，后接不定式或of doing sth.的形式作后置定语。能力提升 语法填空The way _that/which_ came up at the meeting was unpract
30、ical.Specialists can come up with new ways _to solve/of solving_(solve)the problem of air pollution.8Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为，人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。激活知识 用适当的关联词填空The only reason _why_ I went was _that_ I wanted to meet your friends.The re
31、ason for the party is _that_ its Sues birthday.The reason _(that/which)_ he explained to us is _that_ he hadnt read it before.Why dont you believe the reason _that_ my car was held up in the traffic jam?归纳拓展(1)the reason why.is that.“的原因是”，其中why引导的是定语从句，is之后的that引导表语从句。(2)That/This is because.“这是因为”
32、，because引导表语从句，表示原因。(3)That/This is why.“这就是的原因”，why引导表语从句，表示结果。(4)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，用引导词that。注意： reason用作先行词时，其后定语从句中的关系代词或副词的选择要依据定语从句所缺少的成分来确定：(1)如果从句中缺少状语，则要用why或for which引导定语从句，why有时可以省略；(2)如果缺少主语或宾语，则要用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句，that/which在定语从句中作宾语时也可省略。能力提升 句式升级He wasnt admitted into a key u
33、niversity in 2019 because his grades were too low._The reason why he wasnt admitted into a key university in 2019 was that his grades were too low._(the reason why.is that.)课堂达标巩固提升KE TANG DA BIAO GONG GU TI SHENG.单句语法填空1Nobody wants to live in a very _stressful_ (stress) environment.2In my opinion，
34、_honesty_ (honest) is the most important part of friendship，because I hate being cheated.3In my day，children _were brought_ (bring) up to respect the law.4As reward for his _contribution_ (contribute) to botany，Joseph Banks had a flower named after him.5He is a very _influential_ (influence) man in
35、the company，so everyone would like to follow his advice.6_Do_ be careful while you are driving on the road.7I dont think Bob is equal _to_ being a manager，for he has little knowledge about management.8As we all know，there are four important_inventions_ (invent) in ancient China.9I thought him to be
36、nice and honest _the_ first time I met him.10The reason why I have to go is _that_ my mother is ill in bed.单句改错1He cant still go for an outing，because he is out of the condition._去掉the_2He ordered that the goods sent by air._sent前加be_3Whatever background you come from，you can be equal successful wit
37、h your hard work like many others._equalequally_4The two countries have been at war each other for more than five years._在war后加with_5The reason why he died young was because he paid no attention to his health._becausethat_6He brought up in France，but he speaks English fluently._在brought前加was_7Ill co
38、me in condition that John is invited too._inon_8This is the place where they met the first time._met后加for_9I hate the way which she always criticizes me._whichthat或在which前加in或去掉which_10Im as poor as him. So we can say Im not richer than him._notno_.教材衔接高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Mencius w
39、as a thinker whose teachings were very similar to _1.those_of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.His father died when he was young，and he_2.was brought_ (bring) up by his mother.He became a student of Confuciuss ideas，and was then _3.given_ (give) an important position in the government of state._
40、4.However_，when he saw that the ruler was not _5.following_ (follow) his advice，he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state，teaching _6.the_ principles of Confucius.He then became an _7.adviser_ (advice) to another ruler.He spent his last years _8.preparing_ (prepare) a book called T
41、he Book of Mencius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is _9.that_ man is good.He believed that people were more important than rulers，and hated the state when it treated people _10.badly_ (bad).话题延伸写作写作素材(关于公司职员)1彼得在一家皮革公司担任重要职位。2他善于采纳别人的建议。3他总是向他的同事强调诚实、公正和善良的重要性。4他为
42、公司的发展做出了巨大贡献。5这使他的公司以他为自豪。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who，which引导的定语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)_参考范文_Peter，who holds an important position in a leather company，is good at following other peoples advice. He always stresses the importance of honesty，justice and kindness to his colleagues. He has made great contributions to the development of the company，which makes his company proud of him._