1、四、图表或图画类作文典例(2017江苏)请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-office income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Centre.Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua.Which movie shall we see？Su Hua：Whatever.Weve got so many choices，Kung Fu Yoga，Journey to the West.Each sounds great！Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars ar
2、e fantastic.Su Hua：And the high-tech！.Li Jiang：Perfect！Lets get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left.Su Hua：No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home. Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight？Mother：Why bother？We can stay at home and watch films online.Its convenient
3、 with our new and faster network. Son：But it feels good in a cinema.Mother：And the price.We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year.Mother：But still we cannot get the moneys worth.Some films are just boring.写作内容1.用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；2.我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不
4、少于两点)；3.谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。满分作文As is indicated in the graph，the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015，but its growth，for one reason or another，slowed down in 2016.The increase in the b
5、ox-office income can be attributed to a number of factors.The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.Besides，filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer.Moreover，the Internet plays an important part.On the Internet，people
6、can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well，which is both time-saving and economical.However，the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones，and the ticket price is on the
7、increase.Therefore，the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.阅卷老师点评本篇范文很好地完成了题目要求的写作任务。文章结构合理、层次分明。第一段总结归纳柱状图所含信息，提到了持续增长和增长放缓，内容概括全面；第二段提出个人观点并给出理由；第三段中提出自己的合理看法并给出自己的理由，做到了有理有据。时态和人称运用准确无误，表达纯正。1. 词汇和丰富句式的使用范文使用了较高级的词汇和词组如indicated，constantly，be attributed to，on offer，a
8、s well，time-saving，economical，witness；还使用了定语从句As is indicated in the graph和which is both time-saving and economical等。2.过渡自然Besides，However，Therefore等词的使用把文章衔接了起来，使文章显得有层次感。图表/图画类书面表达包括图画和图表式两类，主要是以图画(图表)为载体，附带少量文字提示或说明，要求考生从观察入手，通过对图画(图表)所含的信息的理解，发挥想象力，按照一定的顺序把图画(图表)的内容准确、生动地表述出来。这就要求考生需要具有一定的观察能力、推
9、理能力和语言组织能力。其写作技巧有：1.读图。在读图时务必关注四个方面：(1)题目。漫画的标题是漫画的眼睛，透过这个“眼睛”，可以洞察整幅漫画的主题。(2)画面。漫画画面上的每一个细节都对表达漫画的寓意有提示作用。(3)语言。漫画为了表达其寓意，常常配有言简意赅、画龙点睛的语言文字，思考这些语言文字中所隐含的作者的观点。(4)夸张。漫画为了说明某种观点，常常对人物行为或场景进行夸张描绘，以引起读者共鸣。夸张之处往往是漫画的弦外之音，是漫画所要表达的寓意所在。2.解意。在理解和阐释漫画含义时要关注三点：(1)确定作者的基本态度，是属于夸张褒扬还是批评讽喻；(2)运用想象力，合理地把漫画所描述的现
10、象和实际生活相联系；(3)要特别注意除图片外的文字提示部分，它往往暗示了行文的方向和重点，必须仔细阅读。3.谋篇。英语漫画类作文在行文时往往分为三个部分：(1)describe the picture(2)interpret the picture(3)give your opinions这样的结构可以使文章逻辑清晰，脉络分明。同时，这三个部分都有一些套语可以使用，熟记这些套语可以帮助学生明显提高文章的档次。如：(1)读图描写句式The picture is talking about/shows.The picture shows a common phenomenon.The pictur
11、e describes an interesting phenomenon.In the picture，there are/is.The picture above is about.Lets look at the picture above/first.(2)解图描写句式It seems very ridiculous that.However，this kind of story is performed everywhere.The picture shows that.It is the exact reflection of.The picture indicates that
12、we.Nowadays，it is a common phenomenon that.This is a satirical(讽刺的) cartoon which describes vividly a kind of common phenomenon among.(3)个人观点描写句式I think/believe that.As far as Im concerned，.In my opinion，.From my point of view，.请阅读下面图画和短文，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。A short video titled What Is Peiqi moves
13、the public throughout China.Originally aimed at promoting a film，it told an interesting and humorous story where a grandfather managed to make a toy Peiqi for his grandchild despite the fact that he didnt know Peiqi at all.He expected his sons family to come home with the Spring Festival approaching
14、.In the video，Peiqi is more than Peppa Pig.It implies the aged parents longings.In a dormitoryStudent A：I heard that you wouldnt go home in the coming Spring Festival.Really?Student B：Thats true.I have to prepare for my tuition.It is easy to find a high-paid job at this time.Student A：But your paren
15、ts will miss you.Student B：I know.But we can chat online.It is very convenient.Besides，the journey is too crowded and costs much money.Student A：Maybe you are right.写作内容1.用约 30个词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.结合上述信息，简要分析目前人们回家过春节的意愿变化的原因(不少于2点)；3.结合自己的例子，谈谈人们是否应该回家过春节？说明原因。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.
16、不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文The Spring Festival is a traditional time for family members to celebrate together.But in modern society，people have more choices like travelling and even making money besides going home.Quite a few things give rise to the phenomenon.On one hand，the Internet makes i
17、t very convenient for children to keep in touch with their parents，so the Spring Festival is not as important as it was in terms of reunion.On the other hand，high living expenses put great pressure on some people.So it seems quite worthwhile earning a high income during this period.Also，the crowded
18、journey and expensive tickets make people reluctant to go home.Personally，the Spring Festival is more than a vocation but a tradition we must value and pass down from generation to generation.Every time I go home，I will have a heart-to-heart talk with my parents.I also enjoy the ceremony like making
19、 jiaozi and appreciating lanterns.强化练(二十六).任务型阅读1(2019南京、徐州、盐城、常州四月高三联考)The Urge to Share Our Lives on Social MediaPeople have long used media to see reflections of themselves.Long before mobile phones or even photography，diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one li
20、ves.In the 18th and 19th centuries，as diaries became more popular，middle-class New Englanders，particularly white women，wrote about their everyday lives and the world around them.These diaries were not a place into which they poured their innermost thoughts and desires，but rather a place to chronicle
21、(记录) the social world around them.The diaries captured the everyday routines of mid-19th-century life，and women diarists in particular focused not on themselves but on their families and their communities.Diaries today are，for the most part，private.But things were different for these New England dia
22、ries.Young women who were married would send their diaries home to their parents as a way of maintaining kin(亲属) relations.When family or friends came to visit，it was not uncommon to sit down and go through ones journal together.Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives
23、and share them with others.We have long used media like photo albums，baby books and even slide shows as a means of creating traces ( 痕 迹 ) of our lives.We do this to understand ourselves and to see trends in our behaviour.We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.Sharing everyd
24、ay life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy(亲密感).For example，you take a picture of your childs first birthday.It is not only a developmental milestone，but the photo also strengthens the identity of the family unit itself.The act of taking the photo and proudly sharing it further rea
25、ffirms(再次证实) one as a good and attentive parent.In other words，the media traces of others figure in our own identities.Todays social media platforms are，by and large，free to use，unlike historical diaries，which people had to buy.Today，advertising subsidises (补贴) our use of networked platforms.Therefo
26、re these platforms are incentivised to encourage use of their networks to build larger audiences and to better target them.Our pictures，our posts，and our likes are commodifiedthat is，they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising.Instead of social media merely connecting us，
27、it has become a craze(狂热) for information，continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivityits someones birthday，someone liked your picture，etc.Theres a multibillion-dollar industry pulling us into our smartphones，relying on a longstanding human need for communication.The urge
28、 to be present on social media is much more complex than simply narcissism(自恋).Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections，but to feel their connection as well.Passage outlineSupporting detailsFeatures of 1. media People kept 2. to understand themselves and the world th
29、ey live in. Middle-class Englanders，especially white women diarists focused on their families and communities. It was common for young married women to 3. their diaries with family members or friends.4. of media We have long used media to partly show 5. we are and what we have experienced in our liv
30、es. Sharing daily life events can make family members 6._ to each other.Present situation of media Todays social media platforms can be used for 7. . Private data about us are used as 8. through targeted advertising. Social media are trying to draw more people in by 9._ to their need for communicati
31、on.ConclusionPeople are greatly interested in the use of social media for narcissism and social 10. .1.答案early/primitive解析概括词汇题。根据第一段的第二句可知，早在手机和摄影出现以前，日记是人们了解自己和世界的方式。在手机和摄影出现以前的方式属于早期(最初)的媒体，故填early/primitive。2.答案diaries解析原文词汇题。根据第一段的第二句可知，人们通过日记来了解自己和世界，故填diaries。3.答案share解析概括词汇题。根据第三段的第一句“Diarie
32、s today are，for the most part，private.”及最后一句可知，现在，日记是很私人的东西，但在那时，已婚的年轻女性与家人和朋友分享自己的日记是很平常的事情，故填share。4.答案Functions/Purposes/Benefits解析概括词汇题。根据第四段的第一句及第五段的第一句“Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy(亲密感).”等信息可知，这两段主要介绍了社交媒体的好处(功能/目的)，故填Functions/Purposes/Benefits。5.
33、答案who解析概括词汇题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，我们创造痕迹作为我们身份和记忆的一部分，也就是说，我们一直通过社交媒体来展示我们是谁以及我们在生活中经历了什么，故填who。6.答案close/closer解析概括词汇题。根据第五段的第一句可知，分享日常生活中的事情可以加强社会联系和亲密感，也就是说可以使家庭成员之间的关系更亲密，故填close/closer。7.答案free/nothing解析原文词汇题。根据第六段的第一句“Todays social media platforms are，by and large，free to use.”可知，现在的社交媒体平台都是免费使用。for f
34、ree/nothing免费。故填free/nothing。8.答案commodities解析转换词汇题。根据第六段的最后一句可知，我们的图片、帖子、喜好都被商品化了，也就是说我们的私人数据通过定向广告被用作商品，故填commodities。9.答案catering解析概括词汇题。根据倒数第二段的第一句可知，社交媒体不再只是把我们联系在一起，它已经成为一种对信息的狂热，不断地试图用社交连接来吸引我们有人过生日、有人喜欢你的照片等等，也就是说社交媒体通过迎合我们的需要来吸引我们。cater to迎合。故填catering。10.答案connection/communication解析原文词汇题。根
35、据最后一段“Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections，but to feel their connection as well.”可知，社交媒体会让人们感受到他们与外界的交流与联系，故填connection/communication。2(2019镇江高三一模)Decoding the Young BrainThere was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compa
36、red to an adult.After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child，he asked the child，“What do you think about me？” The child answered，“You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult，the reply to the same question was，“I think youre a very interesting pe
37、rson.” Even if the adult felt the same way as the child，his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question，and come up with a different answer.He could have been annoyed，but his answer didnt reflect it because he was being polite.The secret lies in the science of the developing brain.The c
38、hilds honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasnt equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question.As a result，he was honest，but he said something that may have been hurtful.However，the child did not intentionally hurt the adult；its just the way his brain works.As a
39、child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood，that changes.The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元).In order for our body to execute a command，like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room，the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other.They also help u
40、s employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things.When the neurons send messages，perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious.Later，if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie，it can spark the
41、electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie.In an adult，he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences，like weight gain.But because the younger brain is more impulsive(冲动的)，the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the conse
42、quences.That is because when a child is young，his brain is“wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult.This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive.Sometimes parents have to tell their children over an
43、d over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky.How many times have we heard a parent say，“I tell her this all the time，but she never listens！”To conclude，what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive.It isnt always neces
44、sarily because they are being naughty；it may very well be because of their brains.So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you，be prepared for any kind of answer.Title：Decoding the Young BrainAn experiment on a young childA young child answered the question 11. the top of his head w
45、hile an adult paused，and 12. twice before he found an answer.Causes of the 13._ reflected in the experimentThe developing brain of the young child contributed to his honest answer.He was more likely to hurt or offend others 14. he didnt intend to do so.Its just the way his brain works and with him g
46、rowing up，that changes.Billions of neurons 15. up the human brain have their own mechanism for functioning.The neurons have to communicate with each other，helping us employ our senses and remember things.A person may 16. the smell of a cookie with the memory of eating it.A younger brain is more impu
47、lsive compared with an adults.A young childs having a natural 17. to seek pleasure and take risks results from his young brain.This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people act in an impulsive way.Warned many times before，a young child will still try something 18._ or risky.A
48、 conclusion drawn from the experimentAn adults ability to control his impulses is much 19. and a young child is not 20. being naughty when they make hurtful or offensive answers.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。说明了小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不是故意为之，而是由于儿童的大脑还没有发育完全，不具备在回答问题前过滤信息的功能导致的。11.答案off解析概括词汇题。由第一段可知，对于提出的问题，孩子的回答总是想到哪里说到哪里
49、。off the top of ones head立即，马上，不假思索地(回答问题或提供信息)。故填off。12.答案thought解析概括词汇题。由第一段的倒数第二句“.his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question，and come up with a different answer.”可知，成人在得出答案前总是会考虑再三。且实验已经发生在过去，故填thought。13.答案phenomenon解析概括词汇题。第一段通过实验引出后文中分析的造成这种现象的原因，故填phenomenon。14.答案although/t
50、hough解析概括词汇题。由第二段的倒数第二句可知虽然孩子会说一些伤人的话，但是他们并不是有意的。故填连词although/though。15.答案making解析转换词汇题。由第三段的第一句“The human brain is made up of billions of neurons.”可知，数十亿的神经元组成了人类的大脑。本句已经存在谓语动词have，且make与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故填making。16.答案associate解析转换词汇题。由第三段的最后一句可知，神经元通过味觉或者触觉帮助我们记住事物，故一个人可能会把饼干的味道和吃饼干的记忆联系起来。故填associate。1
51、7.答案tendency解析转换词汇题。由第五段的第一、二句可知年幼的孩子有一种寻求快乐和冒险的自然倾向，这是由他幼小的大脑决定的。故填tendency。18.答案dangerous解析原文词汇题。由第五段的倒数第一、二句可知即使父母警告过多次，孩子还是会去尝试危险和冒险的事物。故填dangerous。19.答案stronger/greater解析转换词汇题。由最后一段的第一句可知成年人比小孩子控制冲动的能力更强、更好。故填stronger或greater。20.答案necessarily解析原文词汇题。由最后一段的第二句可知因为大脑构造的关系，小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不一定总是因为
52、淘气。故填necessarily。.书面表达请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。WeChat is a text and voice messaging service developed in China.Launched in 2011，it has been influencing the lives of hundreds of millions of users with its features.The platform integrates(整合) instant messaging and social entertainment，bringing a
53、bout a mobile digital lifestyle.Users get to engage in real-time communications via free text and multimedia messages，make video calls or share photos on their “Moments”.For most people，posting their lives on Moments has become routine，especially during holidays when they are on a journey or going o
54、ut with friends.In addition，nearly all WeChat users follow several subscription accounts for reading articles.A recent survey showed that Chinese people read，on average，about 5 articles a day and also willingly share articles on Moments or directly with their friends.WeChat also offers enterprises “
55、Official Accounts” to create original consumer experiences through its open platform and extended services such as WeChat Pay.WeChat reached more than 938 million monthly active user accounts by the first quarter of 2017.写作内容1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；2.谈谈社交平台对你的生活的影响(不少于两个要点)。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能
56、出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文WeChat is a very useful app on which we can do many things from making real-time communications to paying online.With various functions，it has been greatly changing our lives.To be honest，WeChat has a great impact on my life.Firstly，I can share things
57、I like with others easily.As the saying goes，sharing is caring.I like sharing whatever I read，think，and experience with my family or friends.There is no doubt that WeChat is a useful tool to do this.Whats more，since there are almost all kinds of articles on Moments，I can learn a lot from some of tho
58、se posts published or shared by others.They will help me equip myself with useful knowledge and keep pace with the times.In a word，the wide range of functions of WeChat is beneficial for people like me.强化练(二十七).任务型阅读1Believe it or not，many people do not plan for their retirement，even in this technol
59、ogically advanced day and age.It is just because planning for something 30 or 40 years in the future can be a difficult task.This is especially true for someone who does not know what to look for in terms of secure financial planning.When the economy is struggling，making wise financial decisions bas
60、ed on the future can be even more difficult.Fortunately，there are a few simple guides that people can use to help give themselves a comfortable retirement，and finally learn the importance of financial planning.The most obvious step for anyone with a stable career is to begin investing in a 401K.This
61、 is simply a financial plan which allows the employee to invest a portion of their income back into the company.The employee typically gets to choose how this money is used and the company agrees to match a portion of the amount the employee defers(延期).This is a great way for a company to get some o
62、f the employees salary and for the employee to get a big payback when they decide to retire.It is important，however，to make sure that the 401K is secure.Today，most 401K plans are protected from creditors(债权人)，which has not always been the case.Retirement financial planning can be made much easier，an
63、d more secure，with a good 401K plan at your heels.Most people also pay into social security.This is a governmental program intended to provide retired citizens with checks for a portion of their previous daily income.It can be a vital asset(财产) to retirees.Although there have been some concerns in t
64、he United States that social security will not last very long，it is still a big benefit for those who receive it.The importance of financial planning is being ready for the future and social security is only one way to prepare for it at present.One of the safest ways to plan for retirement is to set
65、 up a long-term savings account or bank account that pays interest personally.By depositing even a small portion of a paycheck(薪金)，a person can receive large gains over time.This method allows a person to plan for retirement without relying on an outside body.It is one of the safest methods of retir
66、ement financial planning as well.People are living longer now than ever before.The retirement age，however，is not changing. The importance of financial planning for retirement has never been so great.To avoid problems after retirement，it is important to plan wisely for the future.Money should not be
67、a concern after a person retires and if they plan their future smartly，there is no reason it should get in the way of enjoying retirement.Title：Financial Planning for a Comfortable RetirementThe 1. for peoples unwillingness to plan for retirement in advancePlanning for the distant future can be hard
68、 for people，especially for those who have no idea about their 2. .The poor economic conditions even add more 3. to this kind of planning.Some ways to make wise financial planning for retirementPlanning with a companya 401KPeople can make an independent 4. about the flexible use of the money and get
69、a big payback after their retirement.Planning through the 5._Social security is a vital investment and can 6._ retirees a lot although some are 7. that social security will be canceled in the future.Personal meansPeople can open a long-term savings or bank account for getting 8. and they can also re
70、ceive large gains over time if they just 9. a small portion of a paycheck.ConclusionPeople can enjoy their retirement if their future is 10. smartly.1.答案reasons解析概括词汇题。根据第一段的内容及表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是人们不愿为日后的退休提前制订计划的原因。故填reasons。2.答案goals解析转换词汇题。根据第一段第三句可知，尤其是对于那些不知道自己在安全的财务规划方面应该寻求哪些目标的人来说，为日后的退休提前制订计划就
71、显得格外困难了。3.答案difficulty解析转换词汇题。根据第一段第四句可知，不利的经济条件也会给人们在提前制订退休计划方面增加困难。4.答案choice解析转换词汇题。根据第二段第三句可知，这种由雇员和雇主共同缴费建立起来的养老保险制度可以让雇员自主决定钱的用途。5.答案government解析转换词汇题。根据第三段中的“This is a governmental program intended to”可知，另外一种可以选择的退休计划是政府参与的社会保障制度。6.答案benefit解析原文词汇题。根据第三段中的“it is still a big benefit for those
72、who receive it”可知，社会保障制度会使人们受益。7.答案concerned/worried解析转换词汇题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，在美国虽然人们会担心社会保障制度不会持续很长时间，但是它对接受者来说，还是有好处的。concerned/worried担心的。8.答案interest解析原文词汇题。根据第四段首句可知，制订退休计划最安全的方式之一是开设一个长期的可以支付利息的储蓄账户或银行账户。interest利息。9.答案deposit解析转换词汇题。根据第四段第二句可知，通过存入(deposit)很少一部分薪金，随着时间的流逝，人们也可以得到巨额的回报。10.答案planned
73、解析转换词汇题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段最后一句可知，如果明智地规划自己的未来的话，人们可以享受舒适的退休生活。2(2019扬州高三期末)The Changes Facing Fast-food CompaniesFast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending，cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.As a result，fast-food chains have survi
74、ved the recession(萧条) better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%，but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets，such as Japan，France and Britain，total spending on fast food increased.But in this
75、ongoing recession，which is more severe，not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many，such as Burger King，have seen sales fall.In the recession，while some people trade down to fast food，many others eat at home more frequently to save money.Smaller fast-food chains in America，such as Jack in
76、 the Box and Carls Jr.，have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.In face of such challenges，some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low，hoping to
77、 tempt more customers through the door.But in many cases that strategy doesnt work.Some companies are rethinking their strategies.KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items，i
78、ncluding drinks.McDonalds started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”，they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a
79、big opportunity，and not just for fatty food.McDonalds has started selling porridge in America，because the profits can be high.But what about those growing waistlines？So far，fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation.By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches，they ha
80、ve at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖).These offerings dont necessarily lead to profit loss，as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who dont want to eat a burger.But calls for tougher government regulation
81、never wear down.This year Congress passed Americas health-reform bill，which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie content of items they serve to the menu.And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonalds from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy M
82、eals”，because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food，suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.Title：The Changes Facing Fast-food Companies语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。11.答案survivors/competitors/business
83、es/companies解析转换词汇题。根据第一段的第三句可知，快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。12.答案appeals解析概括词汇题。根据第一段的第二句“When consumers need to cut spending，cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，
84、故填appeals。13.答案instead解析原文词汇题。根据第二段的第三句可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，instead of表示“代替，而不是”，故填instead。14.答案decreased/reduced/less解析转换词汇题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支。修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。15.答案Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways解析原文词汇题。第三、四
85、段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。16.答案high/higher解析概括词汇题。根据第三段的最后两句可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价商品，与1美元的特价商品相比，他们的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。17.答案added解析概括词汇题。倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。18.答案profitable解析转换词汇题。根据倒数第三段的
86、最后一句可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。19.答案healthy/healthier解析概括词汇题。根据倒数第二段的第二、三句可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。20.答案creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable解析转换词汇题。根据最后一段的最后一句“.suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品
87、法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝试新的东西，更有创造性、更灵活。此处缺少形容词作表语，故填creative/innovative/ flexible/adaptable。.书面表达请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Online diploma and certificate programs have become a new standard in education.Even students in traditional on-campus programs are coming to expect some of their classes to be offe
88、red in the online format.Online classes conform to(符合) students needs for flexible scheduling and combine independent and group work for a more complete educational experience.“Each student learns differently and in todays era of technology，the question will not be whether to offer classes online，bu
89、t rather how to carry them out，” says a former online and traditional education student.However，people should be honest with themselves about their ability to do online work.They must be highly motivated and need little supervision(监督) if they are going to succeed in a totally online environment.The
90、y may be required to work independently quite a bit and will communicate with professors mainly by email，so people may not have the face-to-face support they are used to at high school.写作内容1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；2.用约120个词谈谈你认为在我国“网络教育”是否会取代“传统教育”，并用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名
91、称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文With the rapid development of modern information and technology，online education has become popular，but it requires a high level of self-discipline.Personally，I dont think online education will completely replace traditional education in our country.Firstly，Chin
92、a is a developing country with a large population；therefore，the spending on advanced equipment and multimedia labs necessary for online education would be really high.Secondly，carried out through computers，online education lacks face-to-face interaction between teachers and students，and thus people
93、may get the opposite to what they wish.Thirdly，some programs do not conform to traditional requirements for degrees and award students diplomas that are not as valuable as a degree from a traditional school，which，as a result，are not recognized as qualifications for jobs by employers.Hence，I would rather see online education as a supplement of education systems rather than a substitute for traditional education.
