1、专题三 介词和介词短语达标检测单句语法填空1(2020浙江卷)Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _in ，through agriculture. 解析：考查介词。句意：公元前10 000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _ ”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world。 live
2、in名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。2(2020浙江卷)Farming produced more food per person _than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more than，意为“比更。”故填than。3(2020新课标卷)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scien
3、tists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so _than the familiar near side. 解析：考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。4(2020新课标卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _on earth, Mother Nature. 解析：考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“
4、在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。5(2019浙江卷)The answer _to this question is not clear. 解析：考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to 这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。6(2018浙江卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. 解析：考查介
5、词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for。故填for。7(全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) _as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 解析：此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。8(全国
6、卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _in engineering or architecture. 解析：关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture“工程学或建筑学学位”。9(全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people tradit
7、ionally eat _with their hands. 解析：with ones hands“用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。10(全国卷)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _by car and offers all the scenery of the better known city. 解析：根据句意可知，此处表示“驱车只有一个小时的路程”。“by交通工具名词”表示乘坐交通工具。故填by。11(广东)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rai
8、n heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living _without the cow. 解析：根据句意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下生活。故填without。12(2019全国卷)Modern methods _of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only sin
9、ce the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 解析：考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth. ”，意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。13(2019全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _of dogs，seven to be exa
10、ct. 解析：考查介词。a pack of意为“一群”。故填of。14(2018全国卷)I was searching _for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. 解析：考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地的大猩猩。故填for。15(全国卷)It(the first underground passenger r
11、ailway) ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _from work. 解析：travel to and from work“上下班”。故填from。16(全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back _to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s. 解析：go back to为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯
12、到”。故填to。17(全国卷)Most of us are more focused _on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 解析：句意：我们中的很多人早晨的注意力要比一天中晚些时候的注意力更集中。 be focused on“专心于，集中于”，为固定短语。故填on。18(全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day;
13、_at the same time, they warm up again for the night. 解析：at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用的介词短语。故填at。19(新课标全国)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 解析：此处考查一个固定短语next to，意为“挨着”。故填to。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2020新课标卷)After that I
14、 poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently until the oil was hot. _将off改为on 解析：考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为on。2(2020新课标卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on eve
15、ry day. _去掉on 解析：考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。3(2020新课标卷)Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. _come后加to 解析：考查介词。句意：我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子，此处come为不及物动词，后接宾语是需加相应介词。come to 译为“来到”是固定短语。故在come 和China之间加to。4(
16、2018全国卷)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. _去掉for 解析：考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。5(2018全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. _forwith 解析：考查介词。play the games with sb. 表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为w
17、ith。6(全国卷)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. _onin 解析：玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in。7(陕西)My soccer coach retired in last week. _去掉in 解析：last week上个星期，前面无需加介词。8(2019全国卷)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my
18、goal and decided to be a doctor. _在high school前加in/at 解析：考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。9(2019全国卷) I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. _去掉like 解析：考查介词。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。10(全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on th
19、e road. _onof 解析：in the middle of 在的中间，是固定搭配。11(全国卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools. _去掉for 解析：表示“买某物”直接用buy sth. 。buy还可用于buy sb. sth. 或buy sth. for sb. 表示“为某人买某物”。12(全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. _去掉of 解析：realize“认识到，意识到”，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。1
20、3(全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. _dreams后加of 解析：固定短语dream of doing sth. 意为“梦想做某事”。14(浙江)While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. _inon 解析：on the top of 为固定搭配，意为“在的上面/顶端”。故将in改成on。15(四川)Dad cleaned t
21、he house, and then went on shopping. _去掉on 解析：go shopping去购物；go on shopping继续购物。16(四川)Please help with me and give me some advice. _去掉with 解析：动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故删除with。语法填空(介词专练)I was in a restaurant. I noticed an elderly couple 1. _with a balloon tied to their table. When I asked them what th
22、e occasion was, they told me it was their 50th wedding anniversary. I was glad and sad 2. _for them at the same time. I was glad because they still cherished each other. I was sad because they were 3. _on their own, without any children or friends. After I went back to my table I thought I should pa
23、y their bill. I tried to do it, and the restaurant manager and the waitresses asked me curiously who they were 4. _to me. Finally，I told them I worked in a church and felt it was my duty to do so. The elderly couple were surprised and speechless when told a total stranger had paid 5. _for them. All
24、of us were nearly 6. _in tears: the couple, the manager, the waitresses and me. Two months later I got a call 7. _from a newspaper telling me my simple act of kindness was reported. I wasnt expecting anything 8. _in return, but I became famous 9. _for that act of kindness. What would and could happe
25、n 10. _to us if we always practice such acts of kindness on family, friends, neighbors and strangers?文章大意：“我”的一个小小的善意之举让许多人感动并被报纸报道。解析：1此处介词with与后面内容构成with复合结构。故填with。2句意：我为他们既高兴又难过。for“为；替”。故填for。3on ones own“独自地”为固定短语。故填on。4句意：他们对我来说是谁。to me“对我”。故填to。5pay for “为付款”，为固定短语。故填for。6in tears“流着泪，含着泪”。故
26、填in。7get a call from “接到的电话”。故填from。8in return“作为回报；作为报答”为固定短语。故填in。9became famous for “因而出名；以而闻名”。故填for。10sth. happen to sb. “某人发生某事”为动词happen的固定结构。故填to。短文改错(2021唐山模拟)Being a teacher is always believed to be one of greatest occupations, because teachers make great contributions for the world. Last
27、week, I got a chance to experience teaching students. Our school asked us to teachsome kids live in the countryside. The kids was so happythat they gave me a warm welcome. I teach them Englishand after class, we played games happily. We had a lot offuns together. When I returned back to school，I mis
28、sedthe students so much. They like me but some of themhave kept in touch with me ever since. I feel so proudly ofbeing a teacher. 答案：Being a teacher is always believed to be one of greatest occupations, because teachers make great contributions the world. Last week, I got a chance to experience teac
29、hing students. Our school asked to teachsome kids in the countryside. The kids so happythat they gave me a warm welcome. I them Englishand after class, we played games happily. We had a lot of together. When I returned back to school，I missedthe students so much. They like me some of themhave kept in touch with me ever since. I feel so ofbeing a teacher.