1、二十四选修8 Unit 24Society . 阅读理解(2021成都模拟)ASeasickness and sunburn. Taking care of old people in different situations. My medical friends did their best to persuade me. Everyone said that running away to sea would ruin my career. But after five sleep-deprived (睡眠不足的) years working as a junior doctor, I
2、was willing to take the risk. Hungry for adventure, I boarded a bright white ship in Singapore. With 2, 000 passengers and crew, it was the size of a small town. To my relief, the hospital was well equipped, with an X-ray machine and a blood analyzer. That first cruise (航行) was a learning experience
3、, a tight schedule full of safety drills (演习). There was so much new information to take in. Even remembering which of the uniforms to wear each day was a challenge. Most confusing, I often forgot to change my clock when the ship crossed time zones. As a doctor, I was responsible for the 600 crew in
4、cluding waiters, engineers, cooks and navigators (领航员), and I was on call (随时待命的) for the entire ship. Far from treating seasickness and sunburn, as Id been warned, my patients were wide and varied. The ships medical center was essentially a floating emergency room, but we didnt have a team of speci
5、alists on hand for a second opinion. With long and unpredictable hours, it required mental toughness. As you can guess, many of the passengers were elderly. Heart attacks dont care about geography and emergency evacuations (疏散) were difficult to arrange. I recalled one such patient, who was taken of
6、f the ship on a stretcher (担架) halfway through the Panama Canal. After a terrifying ride in the back of an old ambulance, I was relieved that the patient survived long enough to arrive at the hospital in Panama City. Thankfully, there were several unexpected benefits to the job. I regularly enjoyed
7、the passenger facilities, including the gym, spa and deck buffet (甲板自助餐). I even hosted my own table of passengers in the evenings. On rare days off, I volunteered as a tour guide on trips ashore (在陆地). I got to fly over Alaska in a seaplane and watched a ballet in St Petersburg. I now understand th
8、at being a cruise ship doctor is not a job its a way of life. One year at sea became two. I lost my career ambitions, but I redefined happiness in my life. 【文章大意】本文为记叙文。作为一名初级医生的作者不听医学朋友的劝告, 做了游轮上的医生。游轮上的工作让作者受益匪浅, 也改变了作者对幸福的理解。1. What can we know about the authors first cruise? A. She missed her jo
9、b as a doctor. B. She enjoyed a relaxing lifestyle. C. She had to learn a lot of things. D. She often felt confused about her job duties. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的That first cruise was a learning experience, a tight schedule full of safety drills. There was so much new information to take in. Even rememb
10、ering which of the uniforms to wear each day was a challenge. 可知, 第一次航行是一次学习的经历, 紧张的行程中充满了安全演习。有太多的新信息需要了解。甚至每天要记住穿哪种制服都是一个挑战。由此可知, 作者第一次航行要学会许多东西。故选C。2. Why does the author mention the patient who was sent to the hospital in Panama City? A. To tell that it was difficult to look after old patients.
11、B. To prove that being a cruise ship doctor is more tiring. C. To stress the importance of a well-equipped hospital on the ship. D. To show it was challenging to handle emergency situations on the ship. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第七段中的Heart attacks dont care about geography and emergency evacuations were diffic
12、ult to arrange. (心脏病的发作不管地点, 紧急疏散很难安排), 接着在第八段中举例被送到巴拿马城医院的病人来说明这种紧急处理有很大的难度。故选D。3. What is Paragraph 9 mainly about? A. The authors experience as a tour guide. B. The advantages of being a cruise ship doctor. C. The loneliness of being the ships only doctor. D. Various facilities for passengers on
13、the cruise ship. 【解析】选B。段落大意题。主题句是第九段的第一句Thankfully, there were several unexpected benefits to the job. 可知, 这份工作有几个意想不到的好处。接着下文对这主题句提出的好处进行详细的说明。由此可知, 第九段主要叙述了作为游轮医生的优势。故选B。4. What does the author think of her experience as a cruise ship doctor? A. It was too stressful to tolerate. B. It helped her
14、build a better career. C. It changed her understanding of happiness. D. It provided opportunities to make more friends. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的One year at sea became two. I lost my career ambitions, but I redefined happiness in my life. 可知, 海上的一年变成了两年。我没有了我的职业抱负, 但我重新定义了我生活中的幸福。由此可知, 作者在游轮上的工作, 让她改变了对
15、生活的理解。故选C。B(2021北京模拟)Why is poverty so difficult to overcome? Why are poorer people less likely to invest in their own learning and ability development, but more likely to be addicted to television and video games? In the past, a poor person was normally considered to have bad character or have no a
16、mbition. Banerjee corrects such views and explains the economics behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives, he said, so they need tools such as televisions, cell phones, junk food and video games to relieve worries more than others. But investment in learning often t
17、akes a long time to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more worrisome and boring. That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time, or even more on health and medical
18、 care than the middle class group, but they tend to get bad effects. The reason is that the poor often lack the essential medical and healthy knowledge and they tend to get medical treatment when the disease has worsened to a certain stage. Besides, they tend to trust the doctors who “give strong me
19、dicine” because they believe such doctors are the “good” ones. But in fact, “strong medicine” always leads to resistance to drugs and over treatment. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage,
20、 and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation, so poverty gets “inherited”. When it comes to finance, Banerjees research has found that the poor of
21、ten need to borrow little and short-term loans while paying extremely high interest rates. It is also because the poor tend to take higher financial risks -they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get working capital from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these sma
22、ll loans put a brake on their savings against risks. How could the poor step into the middle class? Maybe starting a business is a way out. But for the extremely poor, its impossible to get the capital they need to start a business. In most cases, a more practical option is getting a job in governme
23、nt agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable, which give the poor the opportunities to be hired for the long term, to increase the range of their thinking and thus enabling families to move from poverty to the middle class. Banerjees research provides a new perspective
24、 for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it. 【文章大意】本文是议论文。为什么贫穷很难克服? 班纳吉对穷人们在生活、健康和财务三方面研究分析, 为政府提供了一个新的视角。5. How do the poor deal with the issue of health? A. They spend less money in preventing disease. B. They focus
25、more on the diseases than early prevention. C. They usually think it essential to resist strong medicine. D. They are willing to get free medical treatment from the government. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor peo
26、ple more economic stress and physical damage, 可知穷人们对待健康的方式是关注疾病而不是早期预防。故选B。6. From the underlined sentence, we can learn that _. A. poverty is produced by the poorB. poverty is passed down by their parentsC. poverty has some bad effects on the poorD. poverty causes people to bear more economic stres
27、s【解析】选B。句意猜测题。根据上文. . . and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation, 可知贫穷父母会影响下一代的教育, 穷人家的孩子体质更差, 在学校学习少。贫穷是可以遗传的。故选B。7. Banerjee considers it dif
28、ficult to overcome poverty because _. A. the poor have bad character or have no ambitionB. the poor prefer to invest in business rather than workC. the government hasnt taken proper and effective measuresD. the poor are troubled by their lives, health and finance【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段Poor people tend to
29、 live with more worries in their lives和第三段That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time以及第四段When it comes to finance, Banerjees research has found that the poor often need to borrow little可知班纳吉认为克服贫穷很难, 因为穷人们在生活、健康和财务方面被困扰。故选D。8. What can we l
30、earn from the passage? A. The poor have attached importance to education. B. The government cant provide the jobs for the poor. C. All the poor need to start a business for their survival. D. Banerjees research is helpful for the government to rid of poverty. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Banerjees research
31、provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate it. 可知班纳吉的研究为政府提供了一个新的视角。可以推断出班纳吉的研究有助于政府来解决贫困。故选D。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。When we are little, we know nothing about the rights and
32、responsibilities of adulthood. 1. _ Thus, if we like a certain toy or if we want to eat a certain type of chocolate, we think that our parents will have to buy that for us. We dont care that they possibly have not enough money for that. If they dont carry out our wish, well begin to cry. 2. _ Whenev
33、er we begin to cry, well get what we want. Still, little by little, we realize that our parents cant offer us all that we want for certain reasons. We then also understand that parents have their rights. They have the right to scold us when we do something wrong or when they find out that we have li
34、ed to them. 3. _ They choose our clothes, the food we eat, the school we will study at, the hours when we should go out to play and the time we have to return home. 4. _ They are the ones to blame later if we dont receive proper education. Thats why when we beat a classmate at the kindergarten, pare
35、nts are the ones to apologize for our deeds in front of the teacher and the classmates parents. And when we get ill, they are responsible for not taking good care of us and for dressing us inadequately. The moment we become teenagers, we notice that we should be responsible for our behaviors in soci
36、ety. Now we have the right to be independent. 5. _ It is supposed that we are mature enough to solve our problems and to make people around trust us. For some of us, this is a difficult test to pass, but it is the best method to see if we are capable of taking our place in society. A. We think our p
37、arents should offer us all we need. B. We should believe we can do them by ourselves. C. This is a childs important weapon to threaten his/ her parents. D. Moreover, they have the right to make choices for us when we are little. E. As a matter of fact, parents have a lot of things to be concerned ab
38、out. F. But at the same time they are responsible for many things that happen to us. G. However, its also time for us to give explanations when we do something wrong. 【文章大意】本文讲述了责任和义务。当我们还是孩子时, 通常用哭来得到自己想要的东西, 并没有考虑过父母能否消费得起。父母还要承担照顾和教育我们的义务, 但是同时他们也拥有权利来为我们做出选择。当我们成为青少年以后, 我们就要为自己的行为负责, 犯了错就要自己承担责任
39、。1. 【解析】选A。根据后面的描述, 如果我们想要一些零食玩具, 我们认为父母一定要给我们买, 而不在乎他们有没有足够的钱。如果他们不实现我们的愿望, 我们将开始哭泣。可知, “我们认为父母应该为我们提供所有我们需要的东西。”故本题选A。2. 【解析】选C。根据后面一句话“Whenever we begin to cry, well get what we want. ”可知, 每当孩子开始哭, 就会得到他们想要的东西, 所以眼泪是孩子威胁父母的一个重要武器。故本题选C。3. 【解析】选D。根据后面的描述“They choose our clothes, the food we eat, t
40、he school we will study at, the hours when we should go out to play and the time we have to return home. ”可知, 父母有权为我们做出选择。他们可以选择我们的衣服、食物、学校以及出去玩和回家的时间等。 故本题选D。4. 【解析】选F。根据后面的“And when we get ill, they are responsible for not taking good care of us and for dressing us inadequately. ”可知, 当孩子生病时, 父母要为他
41、们的照顾不周而负责, 所以说父母也有他们要承担的责任。故本题选F。5. 【解析】选G。根据本段第一句话“The moment we become teenagers, we notice that we should be responsible for our behaviors in society. ”可知, 当我们成为青少年之后, 我们注意到在社会上我们应该对自己的行为负责, 要对自己的错误做出解释。故本题选G。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In this year of limits on social contact due 1. _
42、 the novel coronavirus, music has become much more important to many people. In my case, its a balm to the soul, evoking nostalgia for past times, people 2. _ places. I always had a great 3. _(curious) about the world. As a child, I was 4. _(fascinate) by the ancient civilizations of China and India
43、, 5. _ stoked my interest in Asia. In college, I 6. _(attend) a summer program in Mexico City, my first real step abroad, 7. _ (open) up an entire new world for me. I fell in love with Latin America. But it was not just the lovely people or the delicious food. It also was the huge variety of music a
44、nd other forms of culture that captivated me. My 8. _(memory) of my young adulthood are intertwined with Latin America and its music of many varieties. Just as in many parts of the world in the 1970s and 1980s, ballads were 9. _(great) popular, as were protest songs and expressions of cultural pride
45、 during some difficult years for the region. 10. _ defined this time for me were such singers as Mercedes Sosa, a singer with a haunting, rich voice from northwestern Argentina. She rose from humble origins, which she never forgot, to become a leader of the Nueva Cancion, or New Song movement. 1. 【解
46、析】to。考查介词。due to 固定搭配。2. 【解析】and。考查连词。连接两个并列名词people 和places。3. 【解析】curiosity。考查词性转换。 形容词great修饰名词。4. 【解析】fascinated。考查非谓语动词。be fascinated by 对着迷。5. 【解析】 which。考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词which指代前面整句话的内容。6. 【解析】attended。考查动词时态。这件事已经发生过了。所以用一般过去时。7. 【解析】opening。考查非谓语动词。表示伴随, 作状语。8. 【解析】memories。考查名词。本句的谓语动词是复数形式
47、are, 所以主语用复数。9. 【解析】greatly。考查副词。greatly修饰形容词 popular。10. 【解析】What。考查名词性从句中的主语从句。缺成分, 用代词, “什么”。 . 阅读理解(2021郑州模拟)One day, the sewer line(污水管道) under my house burst. My first response was to call the plumber, but when he heard what had happened, he said he couldnt help. “We dont do that, ” he said, a
48、s if to suggest that even plumbers have their dignity. He did, however, recommend someone. I made the call, expecting the man to complain at such a miserable job. Instead, he simply asked, “The address? ”And that was it. An hour later, Steve arrived in his truck. I watched as he walked down into the
49、 damp depths. A few moments later he appeared, saying, “Yep. Its broken. ” “Can you fix it? ” I asked with a strange mixture of doubt and hope. Steve looked at me strangely as if rebuking my lack of faith, and then said, “Sure. ” Then he told me that he had to get a backhoe(反铲挖土机) and dig up the str
50、eet to the main sewer line. I showed appropriate panic. “How long will all this take? ” “I should have it done by evening. ”I didnt want to watch the excavation(挖掘) of my property unfold. All I wanted was to leave, go somewhere, and, upon my return, have everything the way it was before the damage.
51、I felt somewhat guilty upon driving off in my clean car, leaving Steve to such a disagreeable task. I went into town and visited a few friends. Eventually, around 6 p. m. , my curiosity got the better of me. I went home, and a sweeter sight I never saw: a patch of newly-paved street and a covered-up
52、 excavation across my front garden. I opened the basement door andall was tidy and relatively dry. I sat down on the back garden, lost in thought. I was taken by the very idea that, whatever crisis might happen to an unlucky homeowner, there is somebody, somewhere, who is practiced in its resolution
53、. If thats not reason for thankfulness, Im not sure what is. 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。作者家的下水道破裂, 一位水管工花了很长时间帮作者修好, 为此作者感激不尽。1. Why did the first plumber reject the authors request? A. He wanted to protect his dignity. B. He was inexperienced in the job. C. He had another urgent task to do. D. He thought the job
54、 was unpleasant. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第一段中的 when he heard what had happened, he said he couldnt help. “We dont do that, ” he said, as if to suggest that even plumbers have their dignity 和 I made the call, expecting the man to complain at such a miserable job 可判断, 第一位水管工是因为不想做这个辛苦的活儿才拒绝的。 2. What does the u
55、nderlined word “rebuking” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Admiring. B. Blaming. C. Accepting.D. Neglecting. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。作者怀疑 Steve不能胜任工作, 由 Steve looked at me strangely 以及后面的 and then said, “Sure. ”可推断, Steve 应该是对作者的不信任而不满意, 故 rebuking 在这里有责备的意思。 3. What caused the author to feel upset? A. The fear of Stev
56、es refusal. B. The pressure of having to go out. C. The difficulty of the repair work. D. The effects of the broken sewer line. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段中的 Then he told me that he had to get a backhoe and dig up the street to the main sewer line 以及下文 “How long will all this take? ”和“ I should have it done b
57、y evening. ”可知, 是修理工作的艰难使作者感到心烦。 4. What was the authors purpose of going into town? A. To remove the negative emotions. B. To avoid doing the excavation work. C. To visit a couple of friends. D. To satisfy the curiosity. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的 I didnt want to watch the excavation of my property unfo
58、ld. All I wanted was to leave, go somewhere 可推断, 作者对在自己家里挖掘感到心烦, 因此去镇上躲避一下, 消除负面情绪。. 完形填空(2021黑龙江模拟)I was in the kitchen making lunch when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. I could only see his back. He 1 to be walking with a great effort, trying to be as 2 as possible. A f
59、ew minutes after he disappeared into the 3, he came running toward the house again. I went back to make sandwiches, 4 that whatever task he had been doing was completed. Moments later, 5, he was once again walking slowly toward the woods. 6 curiosity, I walked out and followed him on his journey. He
60、 was 7 both hands in front of him as he walked, being 8 not to spill the water he held in them. I secretly walked 9 behind him as he went into the woods and I saw the most amazing 10. Several large deer loomed in front of him. Billy walked right up to them. I almost 11 at him to get away. A huge mal
61、e deer with elaborate(精美的)antlers was 12 close. But they didnt even move as Billy 13. And I saw a small deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from 14 and extreme heat, lift its head 15 to drink the water cupped in my beautiful boys hands. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of
62、16. You know, we hadnt had any rain for three months and our crops were 17. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly 18 by other drops. I looked up at the sky. It was 19 God was moved to weep. The rain came that day and saved our farm, just like the 20 of one
63、 little boy who saved another. 【文章大意】本文讲述了在干旱季节, 一点雨都没有下, 农作物都要死掉了, 作者的儿子捧水去救一头小鹿, 最后似乎把老天感动得也下起了雨的故事。1. A. happened B. seemedC. managed D. intended 【解析】选B。本句中的seem是系动词, 他似乎很努力地在走。2. A. quickB. secretC. smoothD. careful【解析】选D。根据下文他捧水给小鹿喝可知, 他尽可能小心地走, 不洒掉水。3. A. distanceB. yardC. woodsD. park 【解析】选C。
64、根据第一段中的toward the woods可知他消失在了树林里。 4. A. wonderingB. thinkingC. studyingD. doubting 【解析】选B。“我”认为他做的事情已经结束了。 5. A. eventuallyB. actuallyC. howeverD. therefore 【解析】选C。然而, 片刻之后他又一次慢慢地走进了树林。6. A. WithinB. Out ofC. BeyondD. In spite of 【解析】选B。Out of curiosity出于好奇, “我”跟着他走。 7. A. holdingB. wavingC. surrou
65、ndingD. cupping 【解析】选D。儿子将手窝成杯状捧着水。 8. A. carefulB. worriedC. eagerD. prepared 【解析】选A。他很小心地不把水洒出来。9. A. awayB. closeC. outD. off 【解析】选B。“我”偷偷地走近他的身后。close靠近。 10. A. sceneB. storyC. view D. game【解析】选A。“我”看见了最令人惊讶的一幕场景。11. A. foughtB. signedC. screamedD. waited 【解析】选C。“我”几乎要向他尖叫让他走开, 因为太危险了。 12. A. ha
66、rdlyB. dangerouslyC. easilyD. nearly 【解析】选B。在那时一头巨大的雄鹿离儿子实在太近了, 很危险。13. A. ran awayB. turned outC. knelt downD. settled down 【解析】选C。当Billy跪下的时候, 这些鹿并没有动。14. A. hungerB. diseaseC. thirstD. injury 【解析】选C。根据下文可知现在是最干旱的季节, 小鹿要渴死了。15. A. in turnB. in silenceC. with appreciationD. with difficulty【解析】选D。小鹿
67、艰难地抬起头来喝儿子手里的水。16. A. sufferingB. supportingC. sharingD. depending 【解析】选C。在这一天“我”学到了分享的真谛。因为儿子的行为就是与动物分享水, 来挽救这头小鹿的性命。 17. A. dyingB. reducingC. harvestingD. growing 【解析】选A。已经三个月不下雨了, 地里的庄稼要旱死了。 18. A. hiddenB. coveredC. joinedD. caught 【解析】选C。雨滴融进了眼泪从“我”的脸上滚落下来。19. A. whenB. as ifC. becauseD. that
68、【解析】选B。似乎上帝也被感动了, 开始哭泣了。也就是下雨了。20. A. wishB. dreamC. actionD. expectation【解析】选C。那天下的雨挽救了我们的农场, 就像“我”儿子善意的行动救了小鹿一样。 . 短文改错Dear Mr Principal, I learn the news on TV that an accident had happened the Chinese students in a PE class. I suggest that our school organizes a first aid course, that is very us
69、eful. The reasons why a first aid course is necessary is as follows: we students lack first aid knowledge. A first aid course can satisfy our need. Beside, it will give informations about many situations and give us the chance to practice first aid treatments. As for the course, they can be given mo
70、nthly. The course should main include the practice of first aid treatments. It would be better that if the experts in first aid were introduced to instruct the course. Yours, Peter答案: 1. 【解析】第一句learn改为learned。考查时态。句意: 我从电视上得知中国学生在体育课上发生了意外的消息。从后面的had happened可知, 已经发生, 所以用一般过去时。2. 【解析】第一句happened后加to
71、。考查固定搭配。happen to sb. 表示某事发生在某人身上。3. 【解析】第二句organizes改成organize。考查虚拟语气。句意: 我建议我们学校组织一个急救课程, 这是非常有用的。这里含有一个宾语从句, suggest表示建议时, 宾语从句中要用虚拟语气即should + 动词原形, should可以省略, 所以organizes改成organize。4. 【解析】第二句第二个that改为which。考查非限制性定语从句。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句, a first aid course是先行词, 关系词在从句中作主语, 指物, that不能引导非限制性定语从句, 所以t
72、hat改为which。5. 【解析】第三句第二个is 改为are。考查主谓一致。主语The reasons 是复数, why a first aid course is necessary是定语从句, 所以谓语动词用复数形式are。6. 【解析】第五句Beside改为Besides。考查副词。句意: 此外, 它将提供许多情况的信息, 给我们实践急救治疗的机会。文中表示“此外”, Beside是介词, 在旁边, 改为Besides。7. 【解析】第五句informations改为information。考查名词。information是不可数名词, 所以informations改为informa
73、tion。8. 【解析】第六句they改为it。考查代词。句意: 至于这门课, 可以按月开课。指代前面的“the course”, 所以they改为it。9. 【解析】第七句main改为mainly。考查副词。此处修饰动词include, 用副词, 所以main改为mainly。10. 【解析】第八句去掉that。考查句子结构。if引导条件状语从句, that 是多余的。. 书面表达假如你是校学生会主席李华, 你校原定于本星期五下午在105室举办的英语演讲比赛(English Speech Contest)因故需更改时间和地点。请你写一封电子邮件通知评委中的外教Mrs White, 内容包括:
74、 1. 比赛更改原因; 2. 更改后的安排; 3. 表达歉意。注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Mrs White, Im writing to inform you that there will be some changes about the English Speech Contest intended to be held this Friday afternoon because the place is not enough to hold too many students who are eager to par
75、ticipate in this activity. As a result, we have to start the contest earlier at 8: 30 on Friday morning instead of 2: 00 in the afternoon. Moreover, the contest will he held in the Lecture Hall rather than Room 105 because it can hold more people. We do feel sorry for the change as it may bring some inconvenience to you. Anyway, we are looking forward to seeing you on Friday morning. Yours, Li Hua