1、2015高考英语人教版一轮语法专题（4）名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that
2、we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导
3、的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系
4、代词”，即常说的“先行词that”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake. I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，
5、doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2whether和if的用法。(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。It all depends on whether they will come back.(2
6、)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we
7、 can do it or not.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“
8、无论”，而if不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3疑问词ever和no matter疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑问词ever还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，you must
9、do it well.(3)no matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)This is t
10、he place where the accident happened.(定语从句)主语从句的考查要点1主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience.常
11、见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句Its no
12、wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句It h
13、appened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should)动词原形”形式。(2)在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形”。题组训练1用适当的连接词填空1What_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and
14、 happiness.2It is obvious that youve made a big mistake.3It was never clear that the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.4Why he did that wasnt quite clear.5It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.宾语从句的考查要点1动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，s
15、ay等)可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are right.I dont suppose he cares，does he?(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯
16、上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.2一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少
17、有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。Im sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.题组训练2用适当的连接词填空1The shocking news made me realize what terrible prob
18、lems we would face.2Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether/if shell accept it.3The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild the bridge.4His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.5Twenty students want to attend the class tha
19、t aims to teach how they should read first.表语从句的考查要点1主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.2主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver
20、 was too careless and drank too much.3because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.题组训练3用适当的连接词填空1I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.2Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do i
21、f I had the money.3The reason why he didnt go to school was that he fell ill.4He came late. That was because he got up late.5The question is whether_we can reduce the cost of the product.同位语从句的考查要点同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。1能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，orde
22、r，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。2同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。I have no idea what has happened to him.3有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.题组训练4用适当的连接词填空1There is clear evi
23、dence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.2When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.3I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.4The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.5The question
24、 why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子1父亲建议我们进行爬山比赛。(使用宾语从句)(2013湖南书面表达)My_father_suggested_we_climb_the_hill_and_have_a_match.2它表明了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心。(使用同位语从句)(2013福建书面表达)It_shows_a_common_phenomenon_nowadays_th
25、at_children_are_the_focus_of_families.3我最在乎的是和你在一起的美好记忆。(使用主语从句)(2013湖南书面表达)What_I_care_most_is_the_wonderful_memory_of_being_together_with_you.4我的建议是你们应该资助一些项目让人们意识到长江江豚(finless porpoise)的严重形势并去保护它们。(使用表语从句)(2013重庆写作二)My_suggestion_is_that_you_should_finance_some_programmes_to_make_people_aware_of_
26、the_serious_situation_of_the_finless_porpoise_and_protect_them.5没有人否认这样一个事实，在这个过程中我们能够开阔视野。(使用同位语从句)(2013山东写作)No_one_can_deny_the_fact_that_we_can_have_our_vision_broadened_in_the_process.【2014高考英语吉林省长春市调研试题】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。During Hu
27、rricane Sandy last year, the garage and basement of Christine ODonovans house in New York were flooded, and two cars, years of paperwork, and photos were _36_. Still, her husband, five children (ages 2 to 12)，and an adopted dog named Buster remained _37_. Six months earlier, shed taken Buster _38_ a
28、fter finding the six-month-old puppy (小狗仔）left _39_ to a telephone pole.Just a month later, _40_, as construction workers repaired the house, Buster dashed through the open front gate and _41_. “I was extremely sad,” ODonovan says. All the searches for him were _42_. Weeks later, ODonovan got a text
29、 from a friend, _43_ her to look at a Facebook page that lists _44_ scheduled to be killed at New York City shelters the next day. _45_ enough, when ODonovan visited the website, there was a picture of Buster, who was apparently to be put to sleep eight _46_ later, early the next morning. The shelte
30、r was closed for the night and wouldnt _47_ again to the public until 8 a.m. Im thinking, how am I going to get him _48_ they do this? says ODonovan. The next morning, she drove to the _49_ with all five kids. She asked the woman at the front desk if Buster was still there. When the woman replied ye
31、s, it was like a thousand pounds _50_ my shoulders, says ODonovan. To _51_ her ownership, she told the assistant, “_52_ me to the back where he is, and you will see hes my dog. When Buster spotted his _53_ , he went wild, barking, jumping and licking ODonovans face. She burst into _54_. The shelter
32、worker needed nothing _55_ and Buster went home.36.A.destroyedB.injuredC.hurtD.exposed37.A.deadB.luckyC.safeD.healthy38.A.awayB.homeC.outD.up39.A.stuckB.fixedC.joinedD,tied40.A.howeverB.butC.thereforeD.nevertheless41.A.died downB.showed upC.ran offD.rushed in42.A.in placeB.in vainC.by designD.by cha
33、nce43.A.wishingB.preventingC.stoppingD.telling44.A.peopleB.childrenC.animalsD.Buster45.A.StrangelyB.SadlyC.WellD.Sure46.A.daysB.hoursC.minutesD.weeks47.A.openB.closeC.workD.give48.A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.when49.A.dogB.shelterC.houseD.website50.A.lifted offB.put onC.went awayD.came to51.A.makeB.gaveC
34、.proveD.produce52.A.TellB.TakeC.HelpD.Bring53.A.motherB.mendC.babyD.owner54.A.laughterB.tearsC.flamesD.love55.A.betterB.bestC.mostD.more完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人通过网络找到遗失的宠物狗，及时救 了它的性命，使其免于被屠宰。体现了宠物和主人之间真挚的情感。36.A【命题立意】 根据语意逻辑，选择恰当的动词。 【试题解析】 根据语境，可知此处表示的是“上述的东西被破坏了。”因此，选destroy
35、ed。37.C【命题立意】 根据上文提示，选择一个恰当的形容词。 【试题解析】 由句首“still”可知，上文说到东西被毁了，而此处与之相反的，这些（东西和人）还安全，因此，选safe。38.B【命题立意】 根据语境，选择恰当的与前文的动词搭配的副词。 【试题解析】 根据上文，她将小流浪狗带回家。因此，选home。39.D【命题立意】 根据上下文内容，选择出恰当的非谓语动词。 【试题解析】 根据选项形式可知此处是指小狗被拴在某处。只有tied to the telephone pole 符合题意。40. A【命题立意】 根据下文内容，选择一个恰当的副词。【试题解析】 根据上文可知此处是一种表示
36、转折的含义：小狗被领回家，但是一个月后走失了。因此，选however。41.C【命题立意】 根据上下文，选择一个恰当的动词短语。 【试题解析】 根据文章，小狗从开着的前门跑掉了。因此，选ran off。42.B【命题立意】 根据上下文，选择适当的短语。 【试题解析】 本句的意思是邻居们的一连串的寻找也没有任何的结果。in vain 表示“徒劳地”。43.D【命题立意】。本题考查的非谓语动词，作定语修饰前面的名词text。【试题解析】 “一个信息上的内容是”因此，选telling。44.C【命题立意】 在语篇理解的基础上，选择一个恰当的名词。 【试题解析】 根据文章可知网站上登出了一些动物的照片
37、，这些动物要第二天被屠宰。因此，选animals。45.D【命题立意】 在语篇理解的基础上，选择一个恰当的副词。【试题解析】 Sure enough“果真；果然”，表示不出所料里面有那只小狗Buster。46.B【命题立意】 在对语篇综合理解的基础上，选择一个名词。 【试题解析】 根据句意，此处是预计8个小时以后，小狗就要被屠宰。因此，选择hours。47.A【命题立意】 根据语篇逻辑关系，选择适当的动词。【试题解析】 该句话意思为直到第二天早晨八点，这个地方才能开放。因此选open。 48.C【命题立意】 根据上下文逻辑，选择适当的连词。 【试题解析】 本句意思为“在他们做这件事前（屠杀动物
38、前），我怎么能找到他？”因此，选before。49.B【命题立意】 联系上下文内容，选择一个恰当的名词。【试题解析】 该句话意思为“她开车带着孩子去动物收容所。”因此选shelter。 50.A【命题立意】 根据句子逻辑，选择一个恰当的动词短语。【试题解析】 听说小狗还在那里，我如释重负。lift.off表示“将移去，抬起”。51.C【命题立意】 联系上下文内容，选择一个恰当的动词。【试题解析】 这里指“证明我是小狗的主人”。因此，选prove。52.B【命题立意】 根据文章的逻辑关系，选择一个恰当的动词。【试题解析】 该句意为“将我带到小狗那里，（然后）你就知道他是我的小狗了。”take表示
39、将说话人带离本地去另外一个地方。53.D【命题立意】 根据上下文内容，选择一个恰当的名词。【试题解析】 该句表示小狗看到他的主人，发出一连串的动作,因此选owner。54.B【命题立意】 联系全文，深化主题，选择恰当的名词。【试题解析】 该句表示主人激动得哭了。 “burst into tears” 表示 “大哭起来”。55.D【命题立意】 根据语篇，选择一个适当的形容词 。【试题解析】 工作人员再不需要任何更多的东西去证明我是小狗的主人了，因此选more。语法填空ALast week，in an unusual way，a stranger treated me with generosit
40、y.At an Asian grocery store on a busy evening，I was shopping for the items I needed 1.for my volunteer work of cooking breakfast on Saturday at a homeless shelter in San Jose.I went to the store 2.to buy (buy) tofu and vegetables.As I 3.was waiting (wait) in line to finish the purchase，the lady next
41、 to me approached me to find out 4.how I was going to consume the big box of tofu I was buying.Enthusiastically，I replied that I was buying food for the breakfast for homeless people.While I was getting ready to pay the bill，to my 5.amazement (amaze)，she offered to pay for everything.Despite multipl
42、e requests for 6.her name，she responded that she felt good because I was doing the kind of community work which her parents once received help from 7.when/as they came to this country as refugees.Hence she wanted to take 8.the opportunity to show her gratitude.It was the 9.best (good) reward I had e
43、ver received for my volunteer work，10.which began three years ago.In a strange way we are all connected and feel for each other.Thats what I call being a “human”BThe expression “go for it” is a way of encouraging someone to try something.“Go for it” means you should not worry about failure or be too
44、 1.careful (care)You should take a chance，be brave，and act firmly.“Go for it” gets its name from football.Not football 2.as it is played in most countries such as England，Egypt or Japan，but the kind of football played in the United States and Canada.One of the most exciting times in football comes w
45、hen a team 3.fails (fail)，after three attempts，to move the ball forward ten yards.The team must make 4.a critical decision.The conservative choice is to kick the ball and accept temporary defeat in order to gain a good position for your team the next time 5.it gets the ball.The more exciting choice，
46、6.however，is to try a fourth and final time to gain the 7.remaining (remain) yards needed.People present are certain to shout their advice.They will encourage the team to take a chance.“Go for it！” they will scream.8In/During the nineteen eighties，people began using this expression in many kinds of situations to encourage someone to act bravely.There is no guarantee 9.that the action you go for will succeed.But that is the chance you can get when you decide to go for it.You put your fears behind.You choose courage over safety.You hold10.your breath and go for it.