1、2015高考英语人教版一轮语法专题（11）代词代词的考查要点代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词
2、在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I)但在下列句中有区别：I like Jack as much a
3、s her.I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him，too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You，she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.2物主代词(1)注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。(2)ones own.of ones own句式的转换。
4、(3)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg3反身代词(1)反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。(2)反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devote oneself to致力于dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself过得快活feel oneself觉得正常(3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己；独立地，of oneself自然地；自动地，by oneself独自地，in oneself本身4相互代词(each other，one another)相互代
5、词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others，one anothers，作定语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。(1)指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yo
6、urs.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing
7、.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。Can hard work change a person that much?(2)such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the。The sam
8、e can be said of the other article.Whether he can do it or not，it is all the same to me.题组训练1选词填空1. Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of that over there?2Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.3He is the same person I me
9、t three days ago.4Such is Jack，a hardworking student.5The cars made this year are better than those made last year.6疑问代词(who，whom，which，what，whose)疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。(1)who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he?He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。What is he?He is a lawyer/teacher.what/who 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于说话人的视点，
10、可单数也可复数。What is/are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which与who，whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而who，what则无此限制。I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who，whom，whose，what，which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句
11、子成分，由连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that。关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who，whom，whose，which，that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8不定代词不定代词主要有：all，each，every，both，either，neither，one，none，little，few，many，much，other，another，some，any，no等。还有由some，any，no和every构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every，no只能作定
12、语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别：(1)some与any一般用法：some，any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.(定语)You may take any of them.(宾语)some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.(定语)在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like some bananas？(邀请)Mum，co
13、uld you give me some money？(请求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.(宾语)some和any还有副词的词性，在句中可作状语。some意为“大约”，相当于about；而any则表示程度，意为“稍微，丝毫”。There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2)one，both，allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones，指人时，其所有格是ones，反身代词是oneself。O
14、ne should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语)This is not the one I want.(表语)one，ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复。one，ones前面分别可以用this，that，these，those或the，which等词修饰。These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours，this one or that one or the one in the pencil case?bo
15、th用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the，these，those，my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.Both the/these boys are tall.all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用；除少数情
16、况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用；与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定用none。Not all the ants go out for food.(or：All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。题组训练2同义句改写1Both of the men arent doctors.Not both of them are doctors.2Not all of them passe
17、d the exam.All of them didnt pass the exam.(3)many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。(4)few，little, a few，a littlefew和little表示“没有多少”，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示“有一些，有几个”，含肯定意义。另外，few，a few 修饰可数名词；little，a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。(5)no和nonenonot any，表
18、示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。(6)each和everyeach(各个)，指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every(每个)，指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Each student in our clas
19、s has a dictionary.(定语，强调各个个体)Each of them has been there.(主语)The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(宾语)We each got a ticket.(同位语)(7)either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词；neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句中作主语、宾语或定语。Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(宾语)Neit
20、her boy knows French.(定语)注意：either用作副词，意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesnt like tea，and I dont either.(状语)either与or连用构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either Japanese or Chinese.neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not.either”。He cant do it，neither can Ineither可与nor连用构成连词，意为“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.(8)the other和anothe
21、r，the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中的另一个”；the other复数可数名词表示“其余(他)的”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。others及other复数名词泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。He got two books; one is a textbook，the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red; the others (the other pens) are yellow.Some are singing; others are dancing.a
22、nother修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。This coat is too dark.Please show me another.(宾语)Please give me another book.(定语)注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。Please give me another ten minutes.Please give me ten more minutes.题组训练3选词填空1We need another five chairs.2I have two pens.One is black；
23、the_other is red.3Three students are in the classroom; the_others are on the playground.4Some are reading；others are writing.记叙文型基础写作1-1 专题导读记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体，包括记人记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果六个要素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写，第一人称主要是用于写自传或本人的经历，第三人称是用于写他人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意
24、以下几点：1注意不要漏掉信息点，但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。2信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序，可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺序等。3记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。4高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。典例导练【2011湖北卷改编】请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就“与人合作”这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about tea
25、mwork.Teamwork shows us how other peoples roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.【写作要求】只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。One possible version：Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most
26、 important for me.In fact, I didnt realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.At first, I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities.As a result, I was tired out and depressed so I turned to my teacher, who adv
27、ised me to cooperate with others.It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.新题预测【写作要求】只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。 One possible version：Yesterday my classmates and I went to West Mountain and had a picnic.All of us set off
28、at seven oclock from our school gate and rode to the foot of the mountain. After an hours climbing, we reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful scenery. Running, singing, dancing, playing chess and taking photos, we had a wonderful time there.After the picnic lunch at three oclock,
29、we felt very tired, so we went down the mountain and came home.请根据以下说明，使用5个规范的英语句子描述所给的全部内容。【写作内容】假如你叫孙军，是某市一所中学的学生。老师要求同学们写一篇英文短文，反映学校门前交通拥挤的现象，短文须包括以下要点：【写作要求】必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。One possible version：Beside my school there is a primary school and the gates of the two schools
30、 both face the main road.In rush hours, there are so many cars, buses and bikes on the main road that the students have to cross it to school.Crowds of people often thread their way through the moving cars and buses.Whats worse, some pupils are too young to go to school by themselves, so many parent
31、s have to go along with them to make sure that their children are safe.I think the government should build an overpass over the road so that we can pass through it safely; otherwise accidents are sure to happen from time to time.语法填空ALast spring I visited Mexico City to see the ancient art in the mu
32、seum there.I was 1.surprised(surprise) at how well I managed 2.to get(get) around even though I dont speak a word of Spanish.You just have to be able to make the right decision in a difficult situation.The manager of my hotel gave me a map of the city and told me 3.that the best way to get to the mu
33、seum was 4.by subway.I didnt know where the nearest subway was 5.but I was sure I would find it if I walked a little.After an hour，I was still walking.I was pletely(complete) lost.Just then a policeman came over and showed me the 7.nearest(near) station.I looked at the subway map on the wall and did
34、nt know 8.which line to take.In fact，I wasnt sure which station I was in.Most people would give 9.up in that situation，but not me.10.AfterI thought it over，I knew exactly what to do.I went upstairs and took a taxi.BMaybe you are an average student.You probably think you will never be a top student.T
35、his is not 1.necessarily(necessary) so，however.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Heres how：Plan your time carefully.When planning your work，you should make a list of things that you have to do.After 2.making(make) this list，you should make a schedule of your time.First your ti
36、me for eating，sleeping，dressing，etc.Then decide a good，regular time for studying.Dont forget 3.to set(set) aside enough time for entertainment.A 4.weekly(week) schedule may not solve all your problems，5.but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study.Look a
37、round the house for a good study area.Keep this space，6.which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room，free of everything but study materials.No games，radios，or television.7.When you sit down to study，concentrate on the subject.Make good use of your time in class.Take advantage of class time to listen to everything 8.the teacher says.Listening carefully 9.in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember 10.what the teacher says.