1、专题03 代词代词可以代替名词或起名词的作用的短语、分句和句子。代词可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、相互代词、不定代词、连接代词和关系代词。一、 代词概览 (一)人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1基本用法类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词功能作主语作宾语、同位语等作定语作主语、表语或宾语作宾语、表语或同位语第一人称I(我)memyminemyselfwe(我们)usouroursourselves第二人称you(你)youyouryoursyourselfYou(你们)youyouryoursyourselves第三人称he(他)himhishishi
2、mselfshe(她)herherhersherselfit(它)ititsitsitselfthey(他们)themtheirtheirsthemselves2反身代词的习惯用法与介词搭配by oneself独自地for oneself亲自of oneself自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身与动词搭配come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to 致力于；献身于behave oneself 举止规矩有礼；检点apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy on
3、eself 玩得开心seat oneself 就座；入席make yourself at home 别客气adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于teach oneself 自学speak to oneself 自言自语think for oneself 独立思考(二)it的用法1it的基本用法用法例句指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词Although he didnt like it, I decided to s
4、ee the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？2.it作形式主语或形式宾语常用句型it作形式主语It is a pity/shame that .真可惜It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看来It looks/seems as if/as though . 看起来好像It happens that . 碰巧It oc
5、curs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that . 某人突然想起It is said/reported that . 据说/据报道It is certain that . 是一定的It is no use/good doing . 做没有用/好处It takes sb.some time to do .做花费某人若干时间it作形式宾语主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep .itadj./n.for/of sb. to do/that从句主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel
6、/make/keep .ituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy . doing .3it的常用短语或句型make it获得成功；赶上See to it that . 确保count on/rely on/depend on it that .相信as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样When it comes to . 当涉及/谈到I cant help it (.) ()我没办法/情不自禁I take it that . 我理解的是Its (high) time that s
7、b. did/should do sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了Its the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done sth.这是某人第一次/二次/次做某事了It is/has been .since . 自从已过了时间了It will be/was .before .要过时间才/在之前已过了时间1both, all, either, neither与none的区别代词用法both(1)表示“两者(都)”。(2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3)与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都”。(表示全部否定需用neither)all(1)指三者或三
8、者以上的人或物的“全部”。(2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。(3)与not连用表示部分否定。(表示完全否定需用none)either(1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any)(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。neither(1)表示“(两者)都不”。(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。none(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。(2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数
9、形式。(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。2each与every的区别代词用法each(1)强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”。(2)可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。every(1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”。(2)与not连用构成部分否定。(3)可用来表示“每隔”。(4)不可与of短语连用。3the other, another, others与the others的区别代词用法the other
10、可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整体)”，表示“另外的(多少)”。others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others。4none, nothing与no one/nobody的区别代词用法none(1)特指语境中提到的人或物，强调数量。(2)后可接of短语，可回答以how many, h
11、ow much引导的特殊疑问句。nothing(1)指物，表泛指。(2)不可接of短语，可回答what引导的特殊疑问句。no one/nobody(1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数。(2)不可接of短语，可回答以who引导的特殊疑问句。5复合不定代词的用法某任何每个；所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing知识拓展复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配：nothing but仅仅；只是anything but 决不something of 有几
12、分；略微or something 诸如此类的人或物something else 别的东西；另外一件事for nothing 免费6表数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰或代替可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰或代替不可数名词否定含义几乎没有a little修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义许多.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to ge
13、t the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_ a try.2(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find_ (they) alive.3(20186月浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to e
14、at out.4(20176月浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt _ (I)，”says Pahlsson.5(2016全国卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.6(2015广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a farm .Now it occurred to _ that his farm had much p
15、otential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.7(2014全国卷)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! Its _ (I)”8(2014辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds.9(2014广东高考)Last year, my brother and I
16、went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.1. 解析：it/running根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running。2. 解析：them人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。空格前面是动词find，空格处应用宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。3. 解析：it此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat out为真
17、正的主语。4. 解析：myself句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。5. 解析：its句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词mother。6. 解析：him“it occurred to sb.that从句”表示“某人突然想到”，此处指Mr.Johnson突然想到发生在他身上的事情，所以填him。7. 解析：me/mine根据上文语境可知，此处的It如果指前面的suitcase的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词min
18、e，表示“那个箱子是我的”；如果指前面的anyone的话，那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。8. 解析：it句意：抬起你的腿让它在空中停几秒钟。此处填it指代前面出现的“your leg”。9. 解析：it从空格后的“a wonderful holiday destination”可知，这个地方就是Miami，故填it指代前面提到的地点。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)I had done myself homework, but I was shy._2(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was taken, I
19、entered my second year of high school .This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days._3(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.4(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions
20、 by yourself._5(2016四川高考)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand._6(2015全国卷)We must find ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.7(2015全国卷)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.8(2015四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friends here .bu
21、t Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.What do you think I should do? If you were me, would you talk to him？_9(2015浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them._10(2018全国卷)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another a
22、nimals._11(2015陕西高考)My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party._12. (2015四川高考)Weve been spending a lot of time singing in karaoke bars.Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many._1. 解析：myselfmy此处表示我已经完成了我的家庭作业。my是形容词性物主代词，作 homewor
23、k的定语，myself不作定语。2. 解析：yourmy此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应该使用代词my。3. 解析：yourour根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。4. 解析：yourselfmyself根据前面的I可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。5. 解析：herhis由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。6. 解析：yourour/the依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知，前面的主语是we，句中的your与上下文相悖，应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。7.
24、解析：saw后加his根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语Tony相一致的物主代词his。8. 解析：himthem根据上文可知，此处指作者交的三个新朋友，故用them。9. 解析：themita beautiful park为单数，故应用it指代前面的单数可数名词park。10. 解析：anotherotheranother“又一，再一”修饰可数名词单数，可数名词复数前用other，意为“其他的”。11. 解析：anythingsomethingsomething一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”；anything一般用在疑问句和否定句中。此处是表示某件事而不是任何事情。12. 解析：manymuch此处指的是花费很多钱，代指不可数名词，故用much。many用来指代可数名词复数。
