1、阶段回扣练6数列(建议用时:90分钟)一、选择题1(2015北京海淀区一模)在等差数列an中,a11,a35,则a1a2a3a4()A14 B9 C11 D16解析在等差数列中,a3a12d,即512d,故d3,则a22,a48,所以a1a2a3a416.答案D2在等比数列an中,a1a35,a2a410,则a7()A64 B32 C16 D128解析由已知得解得故a7a1q62664.答案A3(2015合肥一模)以Sn表示等差数列an的前n项和,若a2a7a56,则S7()A42 B28 C21 D14解析依题意得a2a7a5(a5a4)a5a46,S77a442,故选A.答案A4若数列an
2、的通项公式是an(1)n(3n2),则a1a2a10等于()A15 B12 C12 D15解析由题意知,a1a2a1014710(1)10(3102)(14)(710)(1)9(392)(1)10(3102)3515.答案A5(2015合肥质量检测)已知数列an的前n项和为Sn,并满足:an22an1an,a54a3,则S7()A7 B12 C14 D21解析依题意,数列an是等差数列,且a3a54,S714,故选C.答案C6(2014宜春调研)已知等差数列an,前n项和用Sn表示,若2a53a72a914,则S13等于()A26 B28 C52 D13解析依题意得7a714,a72,S131
3、3a726,故选A.答案A7设an是等比数列,函数yx2x2 013的两个零点是a2,a3,则a1a4()A2 013 B1 C1 D2 013解析由题意可知,a2,a3是x2x2 0130的两根,由根与系数的关系可得,a2a32 013,根据等比数列的性质可知a1a4a2a32 013.答案D8(2014荆州质检)公差不为零的等差数列an的前n项和为Sn,若a4是a3与a7的等比中项,且S1060,则S20()A80 B160 C320 D640解析由题意可知,aa3a7,由于an是等差数列,所以(a13d)2(a12d)(a16d),解得a1d(d0舍去),又S1010a1d60,所以a1
4、d6,从而d2,a13.所以S2020a1d602019320.答案C9(2015银川质量检测)已知数列an为等差数列,若a3a170,且a10a110,则使an的前n项和Sn有最大值的n为()A9 B10 C11 D12解析依题意得2a100,即a100,a11a100,因此在等差数列an中,前10项均为正,从第11 项起以后各项均为负,使数列an的前n项和Sn有最大值的n为10,故选B.答案B10(2014山西晋中名校联考)已知正项等差数列an满足:an1an1a(n2),等比数列bn满足:bn1bn12bn(n2),则log2(a2b2)()A1或2 B0或2 C2 D1解析由题意可知a
5、n1an12ana,解得an2(n2)(由于数列an每项都是正数,故an0舍去),又bn1bn1b2bn(n2),所以bn2(n2),故log2(a2b2)log242.答案C二、填空题11(2014深圳调研)数列an满足a1a21,an2an1an(nN),则a6_解析由题意得a3a2a12,a4a3a23,a5a4a35,a6a5a48.答案812(2015惠州调研)在等比数列an中,a11,公比q2,若an的前n项和Sn127,则n的值为_解析由题意知Sn2n1127,解得n7.答案713已知等比数列an中,各项都是正数,且a1,a3,2a2成等差数列,则的值为_解析设等比数列an的公比
6、为q,a1,a3,2a2成等差数列,a3a12a2,a1q2a12a1q.q22q10.q1.各项都是正数,q0.q1.q2(1)232.答案3214(2014安徽卷)如图,在等腰直角三角形ABC中,斜边BC2.过点A作BC的垂线,垂足为A1;过点A1作AC的垂线,垂足为A2;过点A2作A1C的垂线,垂足为A3;,依此类推设BAa1,AA1a2,A1A2a3,A5A6a7,则a7_解析由BC2得ABa12AA1a2A1A2a31,由此可归纳出an是以a12为首项,为公比的等比数列,因此a7a1q62.答案15(2015西安模拟)在数列an中,若aap(n1,nN,p为常数),则称an为“等方差
7、数列”,下列是对“等方差数列”的判断:若an是等方差数列,则a是等差数列;(1)n是等方差数列;若an是等方差数列,则akn(kN,k为常数)也是等方差数列其中真命题的序号为_解析正确,因为aap,所以aap,于是数列a为等差数列正确,因为(1)2n(1)2(n1)0为常数,于是数列(1)n为等方差数列正确,因为aa(aa)(aa)(aa)(aa)kp,则akn(kN,k为常数)也是等方差数列答案三、解答题16(2014重庆卷)已知an是首项为1,公差为2的等差数列,Sn表示an的前n项和(1)求an及Sn;(2)设bn是首项为2的等比数列,公比q满足q2(a41)qS40.求bn的通项公式及
8、其前n项和Tn.解(1)因为an是首项a11,公差d2的等差数列,所以ana1(n1)d2n1.故Sn13(2n1)n2.(2)由(1)得a47,S416.因为q2(a41)qS40,即q28q160,所以(q4)20,从而q4.又因为b12,bn是公比q4的等比数列,所以bnb1qn124n122n1.从而bn的前n项和Tn(4n1)17在数列an中,a11,当n2时,其前n项和Sn满足San.(1)求Sn的表达式;(2)设bn,求bn的前n项和Tn.解(1)San,anSnSn1(n2),S(SnSn1),即2Sn1SnSn1Sn,由题意得Sn1Sn0,式两边同除以Sn1Sn,得2,数列是
9、首项为1,公差为2的等差数列12(n1)2n1,Sn.(2)bn,Tnb1b2bn.18(2013湖北卷)已知Sn是等比数列an的前n项和,S4,S2,S3成等差数列,且a2a3a418.(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)是否存在正整数n,使得Sn2 013?若存在,求出符合条件的所有n的集合;若不存在,说明理由解(1)设数列an的公比为q,则a10,q0.由题意得即解得故数列an的通项公式为an3(2)n1.(2)由(1)有Sn1(2)n.若存在n,使得Sn2 013,则1(2)n2 013,即(2)n2 012.当n为偶数时,(2)n0.上式不成立;当n为奇数时,(2)n2n2 012,即
10、2n2 012,则n11.综上,存在符合条件的正整数n,且所有这样的n的集合为n|n2k1,kN,k519(2014广州综测)已知等差数列an的前n项和为Snn2pnq(p,qR),且a2,a3,a5成等比数列(1)求p,q的值;(2)若数列bn满足anlog2nlog2bn,求数列bn的前n项和Tn.解(1)当n1时,a1S11pq,当n2时,anSnSn1n2pnq(n1)2p(n1)q2n1p.an是等差数列,1pq211p,得q0.又a23p,a35p,a59p,a2,a3,a5成等比数列,aa2a5,即(5p)2(3p)(9p),解得p1.(2)由(1)得an2n2.anlog2nlog2bn,bnn2ann22n2n4n1.Tnb1b2b3bn1bn40241342(n1)4n2n4n1,4Tn41242343(n1)4n1n4n,得3Tn4041424n1n4nn4n.Tn(3n1)4n1第8页