1、练案20必修四Module 2Traffic Jam.阅读理解A(2021安徽省合肥一中等六校教育研究会第二次联考)The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahea
2、d in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or no
3、t they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. Generally speaking, people felt that their actions and hard work not outside
4、 force deciding their lives. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic (悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college
5、 as a fairly achievable goal, a majority 52 percent think that young people do not need a 4year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a masters degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of
6、 financial stability (稳定) his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective
7、highschool education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道。美国国家期刊最近的一项关于美国梦的民意调查表明在过去的几十年里，美国人的美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素发生了变化。他们认为大学教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像过去那样重要了。1It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in Amer
8、ica, one had to have B .Aa sense of drive and purpose Ban advanced academic degreeCa firm belief in their dream Dan ambition to get ahead解析：细节理解题。由第一段“More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可知，更具体地说，他们就如何在美
9、国获得成功达成了一致的意见：接受大学教育，找到一份稳定的工作，买他们自己的房子。所以过去人们普遍认为，要想在美国取得成功，就必须有高学位。故B选项正确。2What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream？ D AMore and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.BIt remains alive among the majority of American people.CAn increasing number
10、of young Americans are abandoning it.DAmericans idea of it has changed over the past few decades.解析：推理判断题。由第二段“the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，显然，结果表明，今天美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素看起来与20世纪
11、晚期有很大的不同。所以判断出国家期刊关于美国梦的最新调查结果表明在过去的几十年里，美国人的美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素发生了变化。故D选项正确。3What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success？ D AIt still remains open to debate.BIt has proved to be beyond doubt.CIt is much better understood now than ever.DIt is no longer as important
12、 as it used to be.解析：推理判断题。由第三段“In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic (悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority 52 percent think that young people do not need a 4year college education
13、 in order to be successful.”可知，在过去的七年里，美国人对教育决定成功越来越悲观。尽管他们认为上大学是一个相当容易实现的目标，但是52%的人认为年轻人不需要四年的大学教育就能成功。所以判断出美国人认为大学教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像过去那样重要了。故D选项正确。4How do some people view college education these days？ A AIt helps broaden their minds.BIt needs to be strengthened.CIt widens cultural diversity.DIt pro
14、motes gender equality.解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可知，虽然像Maeda这样的一些人强调学位的价值而不是教育本身的价值，但其他人仍然把大学视为获得新观点和生活经验的一种方式。所以判断出，现在一些人认为大学教育有助于开阔他们的视野。故A选项正
15、确。B(2020湖北武汉市高三调研)As I wash dishes at the kitchen sink, my husband, Scott, paces behind me, annoyed.“Have you seen my keys？” he asks.In the past I would have turned off the tap and joined the hunt while trying to comfort my husband.But that only made him angrier.Now, I focus on the wet dish in my ha
16、nds.I dont turn around.I dont say a word.Im using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer.For a book I was writing about animal trainers school, I started spending my days watching professional trainers do the seemingly impossible: teaching dogs to dance on command and chimps to skateboard.Even
17、tually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species, the American husband.The central lesson I learned is that I should reward behaviour I like and ignore behaviour I dont.After all, you dont get a sea lion to balance a ball on the end of its nose by talking.The
18、 same goes for the American husband.I began thanking Scott if he threw one dirty shirt into the laundry basket.If he threw in two, Id kiss him.I was using what trainers call “approximations”， rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behaviour.With Scott the husband, I began to praise ev
19、ery small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower, or was on time for anything.I followed the students to SeaWorld San Diego, where a dolphin trainer introduced me to Least Reinforcing Scenario (LRS)When a dolphin does something wrong, the trainer doesnt respond in any way.The idea is
20、 that any response, positive or negative, fuels a behaviour.If a behaviour causes no response, it typically dies away.It was only a matter of time before he was again searching for his keys, at which point I said nothing and kept at what I was doing.It took a lot of discipline to maintain my calm, b
21、ut results were immediate.I felt as if I should throw him a small fish.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。丈夫在找不到钥匙时总是朝“我”嚷嚷，“我”想到了训练海豚的方法：对不乐意见到的行为视而不见，海豚会逐渐理解并成功完成人们希望的动作。于是“我”对丈夫的行为不理不睬，不久他就找到了钥匙。此时“我”真想奖励给他一条小鱼5What can we infer about the writer？ C AShe treats her husband like animals.BShe often quarrels with her hus
22、band.CShe behaves differently to her husband.DShes determined to learn from the dolphin.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“In the past I would have turned off the tap and joined the hunt while trying to comfort my husband.”可知，在过去，“我”会关掉水龙头，在安慰丈夫的同时帮他一起寻找钥匙。根据第一段最后三句“I dont turn around.I dont say a word.Im using a te
23、chnique l learned from a dolphin trainer.”可知，这一次“我”没有转身，不说一句话，“我”在使用从海豚训练员那里学到的方法。据此可以判断，“我”对待丈夫的方法发生了改变。故C项正确。6How did the writer get the idea of treating her husband？ C ABy rewarding her husband.BBy writing a book on animals.CBy watching professional training.DBy focusing on washing the dishes.解析：
24、细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，为了写一本关于动物驯兽师学校的书，“我”开始每天观看专业驯兽师做着看似不可能做到的事情：教狗根据命令跳舞，教黑猩猩学滑板，而“我”也从观看驯兽师的专业训练中得到了如何对待“我”的丈夫的启示。故C项正确。7What will happen if the trainer doesnt respond to the dolphins mistake？ B AIt will feel embarrassed.BIt will forget the mistake.CIt will remember its mistake.DIt will repeat the w
25、rong action.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“If a behaviour causes no response，it typically dies away.”可知，如果海豚的错误行为得不到回应，则它将忘掉这种行为。故B项正确。8What is the tone of the text？ A AHumorous.BSerious.CAggressive. DDoubtful.解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句“It took a lot of discipline to maintain my calm，but results were immediate.I felt as
26、if I should throw him a small fish.”可知，“我”保持冷静需要自制力，但立刻就有了效果。“我”想要给他扔一条小鱼以示奖励。结合全文内容可知，文中作者将丈夫比喻成接受训练的海豚，据此可以判断，本文的语气诙谐幽默。故A项正确。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。Summer is the perfect time to relax.As you plan for your trip, here are some tips on how to protect yourself. 1.F Fight against
27、the mosquitoes in the hot spots.There are many mosquitoborne illnesses in tropical regions，which are traditionally vacation hot spots.Therefore, mosquito repellent(驱蚊剂)that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag. 2.A In lesserdeveloped countries there is less equipment for clea
28、n water and public health.If you cant avoid unhealthful water, make sure you bring along a tea or coffeemaking pot that will boil water for you.Youd better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isnt just a refilled bottle of dirty tap water.
29、Always protect your feet.Its best to wear slippers in the shower, but if you must be bare foot, put a towel down on the floor. 3.G You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country, including your hotel room.Be sure to eat safe fruits. 4.B They may have been washed in the same water, o
30、r wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens.The best advice is to bring your own peeler (削皮器)so that you know that something clean has been applied to the fruit.Enjoy the smell of roadside stands, not the food.Unless the food is piping hot when served, its best to stay away fro
31、m roadside stands, no matter how good the smell of the food might be.If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean, order the food to go. 5.D ADont trust the local water.BAny fruit served fresh may be polluted.CLook out for any water not served in a bottle.DThe boxes may be cleaner than t
32、he plate or fork on the table.EYou should know how to keep yourself away from dirty fruits.FThey are necessary to avoid coming back with a major illness from your trip.GParasites (寄生虫) can enter the skin of your feet and travel to different parts of the body.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。就旅行时如何进行自我保护提出一些建议。解析：1空处上文
33、提到，夏天是放松的最佳时间，如果你准备去旅行，这里有一些关于如何保护你自己的建议，并且下文是具体的建议。因此F项“它们对于避免旅行后带着大病回来是有必要的。”，在这里起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F项。2本空为段落标题。根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在一些欠发达的国家，制造干净的水的设备比较少，所以你要自己做一些准备。由此可知应选A项。3根据本段标题“Always protect your feet.”以及空后的“You should never walk barefoot”可知，本段主要讲述的是在旅途中要保护自己的脚。故G项“寄生虫可以进入你脚部的皮肤，并到达身体的不同部位。”符合语境。4根
34、据本段标题“Be sure to eat safe fruits.”以及空处后一句“They may have been washed in the same water，or wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens.”可知，B项“任何新鲜的水果都可能是被污染的。”符合语境。故选B项。5根据本段标题以及空处前一句“If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean，order the food to go.”可知，D项“这些盒子可能比桌子上的盘子
35、或叉子更干净。”符合语境。故选D项。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021河南省南阳市一中月考)Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese(肥胖的), according to research. A mother, 1.who has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesnt smoke and only 2.drinks (drink) wi
36、ne in moderation, is significantly less likely 3.to have (have)a fat child, scientists say.And research suggests it could be more to do with nurture(养育) 4.than nature, as a mothers lifestyle appears 5.directly (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both mother and child follow a healthy li
37、festyle, the risk of obesity 6.is reduced (reduce)even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children aged nine 7.to fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers looked at the link between overall
38、mother health and likelihood of a child 8.being (be) obese.The mothers health was judged on her heighttoweight ratio(比例), her diet, amount of physical 9.activity (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drank. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all
39、 reduce the chance of a woman having 10.an obese child.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了研究发现健康的体重和饮食，定期锻炼，不吸烟以及适度饮酒都能降低女性生肥胖孩子的概率。解析：1考查定语从句。句意：专家称，一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟、适量饮酒的母亲生出肥胖孩子的可能性要小得多。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为mother，指人，关系词在从句中作主语。故填who。2考查主谓一致和时态。句意参考上题解析。此处与has，exercises和eats等作并列谓语，时态为一般现在时，应该用第三人称单数形式。故填drinks。3考查不
40、定式。句意参考第1题解析。be likely to do表示“可能做某事”。故填to have。4考查介词。句意：研究表明，这可能更多地与后天因素有关，而不是先天因素，因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关。根据前面的“more”判断此处用than表示比较。故填than。5考查副词。句意参考上题解析。修饰linked用副词。故填directly。6考查时态和语态。句意：这项对24 000名儿童进行的研究发现，当母亲和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式时，肥胖的风险甚至会降低更多。描述的是客观事实，the risk of obesity与reduce之间是被动关系，应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is
41、 reduced。7考查介词。这项研究调查了美国近17 000名妇女所生24 000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式。from.to.表示“从到”。故填to。8考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的关系。此处为动名词的复合结构作介词of的宾语。其中child是逻辑主语，动名词短语being obese是逻辑谓语。故填being。9考查名词。句意：母亲的健康状况由身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量等因素决定。此处的运动表示抽象意义，为不可数名词。故填activity。10考查冠词。句意：健康体重和饮食，定期锻炼，不吸烟以及适度饮酒都能降低女性生
42、一个肥胖孩子的概率。此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子，obese以元音音素开头。故填不定冠词an。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2020洛阳市第一次联考)When I was in primary school, I watched a movie
43、about global warming.See the images of ice melting and the polar bears habitat being destroyed made me disappointed.I begin to realize it was important to do what we can save the environment.I asked my mom to buy a blue recycling bin.And she immediate agreed to get it.Besides, she got for me a black
44、 one for trash.I now have a recycling bin for waste papers and plastic bottles in my room.I may be just one person, so I feel like I am making the big difference.答案：When I was in primary school, I watched a movie about global warming. the images of ice melting and the polar habitat being destroyed m
45、ade me disappointed.I to realize it was important to do what we can save the environment.I asked my mom to buy a blue recycling bin.And she agreed to get .Besides, she got for me a black one for trash.I now have a recycling bin for waste and plastic bottles in my room.I may be just one person, I fee
46、l like I am making big difference.解析：1考查非谓语动词。看到那些冰融化和北极熊的栖息地遭受破坏的影像，“我”感到失望。此处应用动名词短语作主语。故将See改为Seeing。2考查名词所有格。此处指北极熊的栖息地。故此处应用名词的所有格bears。3考查动词的时态。此处叙述的事发生在“我”上小学的时候。故用一般过去时。故将begin改为began。4考查非谓语动词。“我”开始意识到为了拯救环境，去做我们能够做的事情是重要的。此处用动词不定式表示目的。故在save前加to。5考查副词。母亲立即答应购买一个。此处修饰动词应用副词。故用immediately。6上文中的“a blue recycling bin”为泛指。故此处用表示泛指的代词one。7考查介词。get sb.sth.“给某人某物”为固定搭配。故此处删除for。8考查名词。waste paper表示“废纸”，为不可数名词。故将papers改为paper。9考查连词。虽然“我”仅仅是一个人，但“我”感觉“我”做的事情意义重大。根据句意可知前后形成转折关系。故此处改为but/yet。10考查冠词。make a big difference表示“有重大影响；意义重大”。故将the改为a。
