1、名师导航全方剖析单词典句考点 【经典例句】 An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South PoleI was hooked.跟着伟大的欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险我被迷住了。【考点聚焦】 1)hook作动词的常见搭配是be/get hooked on sth.,表示“迷上某事物”。如:The man got hooked on heroin.那人吸海洛因成瘾。2)hook作名词,意为“钩;困境;钩拳”。如:a fish hook 鱼钩;a left hook左勾拳;get off the hook摆脱困境;of
2、f the hook(指电话听筒)未挂上【经典例句】 His perseverance won our complete faith in him.他的坚持不懈完全赢得了我们的信任。【考点聚焦】 faith用作名词,一般作不可数名词,后面常跟介词in ,常见的搭配有:have faith in sb./sth. 信仰(信任)某人(某物); give ones faith to sb. 保证拥护某人; keep/break faith with sb.对某人守信用(不守信用);in good faith 真诚地;诚实地 【活学活用】 1.翻译句子1)我不再信任那家伙。_答案:1)Ive lost
3、 faith in the fellow.2)他对人不守信用,朋友都离开了他。_答案:2)He always breaks faith with others and friends have left him.【经典例句】 There were no differences in rank or in social status.这里没有等级与地位的差别。【考点聚焦】 1)rank用作名词时,常见的搭配有:break ranks 出列,落后;fall into ranks 加入行列,排队;keep ranks 保持队形,维持秩序2)rank用作动词时,意为“位居;被分类,被评价”。如:She
4、 ranks high in her class.她在班上名列前茅。【活学活用】 2.完成句子1)The soldier was promoted to _ (上尉军衔).答案:the rank of captain 2)People from _(各阶层、各阶级)are equal here.答案:all ranks and classes 3)How do you _(将汤姆列为级)as a chess player?答案:rank Tom 【经典例句】 All our hotels have been selected for the excellent value they provi
5、de.我们住的旅馆都是精心挑选的,最为合算。【考点聚焦】 select还可用作形容词,意为“精选的;选择成员严格的”。如:I just bought a A Select Collection of Poetry from Cotemporary Authors.我刚买了一本当代作家诗歌选集。n. 耽搁;延误;被耽搁或推迟的时间【经典例句】 We might never know their fate and possible delays.我们可能从来不知道他们的命运及还需要耽搁多久。【考点聚焦】 1)固定搭配:without delay 立即,马上。如:We must leave with
6、out delay.我们必须立即离开。2)delay还可作为动词,意为“延误;耽搁;延期;推迟”。如:She delayed(for)two hours and missed the plane.她耽搁两小时,把飞机误了。【活学活用】 3.完成句子1)The train _(延误一小时)by the accident.答案:was delayed an hour 2)I arrived there _(毫无耽搁).答案:without delay 3)They decided to_(推迟出国).答案:delay going abroad 【经典例句】 We had to gather fre
7、sh water by grasping and then melting sea ice.我们不得不通过捞一些浮冰再融化得到一些淡水。【考点聚焦】 1)grasp at sth. 尽力抓住某物2)grasp用作名词时,意为“抓住;把握;理解;领会”。如:Take a firm grasp of the handle and pull.抓住把手用力拉。【活学活用】 4.翻译句子1)你最好抓住这一机会。_答案:Youd better grasp the opportunity.2)她始终不明白该怎样做。_答案:She could never grasp how to do it.3)她对该学科有
8、深刻的了解。_答案:She has a good grasp of the subject.短语典句考点hold on等一下;停住;坚持住【经典例句】Hold on now,Perce.Dont you go turning into another Tom.坚持下去,珀西,不要变成另一个汤姆。【考点聚焦】 1)hold on还可表示“将固定住;抓住;保留”,表示“抓住;保留”时,后面常接to sb./sth.。如:He held on to the rock to stop himself slipping.他紧紧抓住岩石以免自己往下滑。You should hold on to your
9、oil shares.你应该继续保留自己的石油股份。2)其他由hold构成的短语:hold back (from sth.) 退缩;踌躇hold sb./sth. back 阻止;扣住;抑制hold out 维持;保持;抵抗hold up 阻碍;延误;抢劫【活学活用】 5.用以上词组的正确形式填空1)They managed to _ until help arrived.答案:1)hold on 2)I would _ the house for the time being.答案:2)hold on to 3)He bravely _ his tears.答案:3)held back 4)
10、We can stay here for as long as our supplies _.答案:4)hold out give way (to)妥协;屈服 【经典例句】 He was always with us and never gave way to disappointment,even when the ship sank.他对我们总是很坦诚,他从不灰心丧气,即便是在船沉的时候。【考点聚焦】 1)give way还可表示“让位;转为;被代替”。如:The storm gave way to bright sunshine.暴风雨过后出现了灿烂的阳光。2)同义词组:give in
11、to sb./sth. 屈服;让步;投降【活学活用】 6.翻译句子1)让右方驶来的车辆先行。_答案:1)Give way to traffic coming from the right.2)那女孩陷于绝望。_答案:2)The girl gave way to despair.3)冬天过后,春天来了。_答案:3)Winter gave way to spring.give off 散发出:发出;放出 【经典例句】 When wine is fermented it gives off bubble of gas.酒发酵时会放出气泡。【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组:give out放出;发出;公布;
12、用完;耗尽;分发 2)注意二者的区别:give off常用于烟、气体、气味;give out常用于光、热、声响。【活学活用】 7.用give off/give out的适当形式填空1)This device _ flashes of light in the fog.2)The engine _ smoke and steam.3)Both my strength and money _.答案:1)gives out2)gives off3)gave outsuffer from 苦于;患病 【经典例句】 I was suffering badly from sea sickness.我患了严
13、重的晕船症。【考点聚焦】 1)反义词:enjoy 享受2)suffer的同根词:suffering n.(身体上、精神上)痛苦,苦恼;苦难,困难be about to do sth. 即将;就要【经典例句】 I was just about to ask you the same thing.我刚才正要问你同一件事。【考点聚焦】 1)常与when引导的时间状语从句连用。一般不与具体时间点连用,而be to do sth.则可以。2)注意:be not about to do sth.意为“不打算;不愿意”。难句剖析拓展Our circumstances are so desperate tha
14、t it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.我们所处的环境是那么令人绝望以至于我们不敢肯定是否能活着回去。【剖析】 1)句中so.that 引导结果状语从句;在状语从句中it为形式主语,whether引导的句子为真正主语。2)alive在句中作状语,表明主语的状态。【拓展】 形容词作伴随状语时,常位于句首或句尾,用来描述主语所处的状态。Calling us calmly together,he made an urgent announcement that we must save only essential supplies b
15、efore the ship sank,particularly the small boats,food,cooking equipment,candles,bedding and clothes.他镇静地把我们叫到一起,发布一条紧急通知:在船沉没之前,我们必须留一些必需品,特别是小船、食品、炊具、蜡烛和被褥。【剖析】 1)句中that引导同位语从句,来解释说明announcement 的内容。2)calling us calmly together 是现在分词短语,在句中作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句 after he called.。3)particularly the small
16、boats,food,cooking.and clothes补充说明essential supplies。【拓展】 现在分词短语作状语时,常位于句首或句尾,表示时间、伴随、原因、结果等。We who remained on Elephant Island swore that we would do as he advocated:Remain optimistic and recover our health before he returned to rescue us.我们这些留在象岛等待的人都发誓我们要按他主张的那样去做:在他回来之前保持乐观、恢复健康。【剖析】 1)who.引导定语从
17、句修饰we。一般来说当先行词为表示人的单独一个代词或名词时用who引导定语从句。2)that we would do as he advocated 作swore的宾语。3)as he advocated作方式状语从句。【拓展】 as 还可以引导时间、原因、比较、让步状语从句。The danger of what lay ahead of them,the chances of them ever returning to find us,the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays,at first made
18、 us feel low and discouraged.摆在他们面前的危险,他们回来找到我们的机会,我们可能永远不晓得他们的命运所来带来的恐惧以及可能的耽搁,起初使我们感到情绪低落,信心不足。【剖析】 1)句中the danger.,the chances.,the fear.,possible delays是并列关系,同时作made的主语。2)句中the chances of them ever returning.一句中,them作returning的形式主语。3)that we might never know their fate作fear的同位语。【拓展】 动名词的逻辑主语除了使用
19、代词宾格外,还可以使用形容词性物主代词和名词所有格形式。语法剖析活用现在分词、过去分词在句中作定语以及定语从句之用法本单元学习的语法项目是定语,能够作定语的有名词、形容词、代词及其词组;不定式、现在分词、过去分词和从句。我们重点学习一下现在分词、过去分词作定语和定语从句。1.作定语用的现在分词如果是单词,一般放在被修饰词的前面;如果是现在分词短语,则放在被修饰词后面,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:This is a very interesting book.这是一本很有趣的书。The girl standing (who is standing)there is my sister.站在那
20、边的女孩是我妹妹。The factory making(that makes)the pens is a small one.制造钢笔的是一家小厂。2.作定语用的过去分词,如果是单词,一般放在被修饰词的前面,一般与被修饰词构成被动完成关系,但有时只表示完成,不表被动;过去分词短语作定语,则放在被修饰词的后面,与被修饰词构成被动、完成的关系。如:There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有许多落叶。This is a book written by a peasant.这是一本农民写的书。My spoken English is no better
21、 than his.我和他的英语口语都不好。3.定语从句一般放在先行词后,分为限制性和非限制性两种。能引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是解释词语的书。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which)he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了他在火车上丢失
22、的金戒指,非常高兴。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.正在和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。【活学活用】 8.单项填空1)Tell the children _ there not to make so much noise.A.playB.playingC.to playD.played答案:1)B本句的主要结构为tell sb. not to do sth.,所以空格处需要一个定语修饰children ,children与play的关系为主动关系。2)The _ look show that he met a _
23、 problem.A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzled;puzzlingD.puzzling;puzzled答案:2)C现在分词一般修饰人,过去分词一般修饰物。 look在此意为“人的表情”。3)Did you go to the party _ on New Years Eve?A.heldB.holdC.to be heldD.being held答案:3)A本句的时态是过去时,即晚会已经举行了。过去分词表示被动的和完成的含义。4)The television is a _ machine.A.newly-inventingB.newl
24、y-inventedC.new-inventedD.newly-invention 答案:4)B现在分词和过去分词兼有动词的特点,可以被副词修饰。machine 与invent是被动关系。5)The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having writtenB.to be writtenC.being writtenD.written 答案:5)D过去分词短语作定语,相当于定语从句。textbooks与write是被动关系。6)Childre
25、n like to drink cold _ water especially in summer.A.boilingB.being boiledC.boiledD.to be boiling 答案:6)C现在分词表示正在进行的动作或状态,过去分词表示被动的和完成的动作或状态。7)Some of the roads were flooded, _ makes our journey more difficult.A.thatB.itC.asD.which 答案:7)D 在非限制性定语从句中关系代词不能用that,which 指代前面主句的内容。8)Here is the dictionary, _ you will have a list of irregular verbs.A.in the back of whichB.the back of whichC.on the back of whichD.in back of them答案:8)A本题的结构是介词短语和关系代词引导的定语从句。