1、难句剖析拓展1. Hes bid his furnished apartment goodbye after complaints from his neighbours about loss of sleep.在他的邻居抱怨失眠后, 他告别了装修好的住房。剖析：这是一个简单句，Hes bid his furnished apartment goodbye是句子的主语、谓语和宾语。after complaints from his neighbours about loss of sleep是时间状语。bid sth. goodbye “告别某物”。拓展：用介词短语作时间状语比用从句更简练，例
2、如在本句中, after complaints from his neighbours about loss of sleep是由after his neighbours complained about loss of sleep缩略来的。2. Had they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building.如果知道他们的邻居是个鼓手, 他们不会搬进这个大楼来。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, Had they known是倒装的条件从句, 其中their neighbour was a
3、 drummer是宾语从句, they wouldnt have moved into the building是主句。本句是与过去情况有关的虚拟语气句。拓展：在虚拟语气句中, 当从句含有had, were, should 等词时, 可以把if省略, 把had, were, should等提到句首。3. “It was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning，”a council member said.“我们是在认真考虑后, 才给杨明一个警告的, ”一名居委会成员说。剖析：这是一个强调句, 强调的是时
4、间状语only after careful consideration。拓展：强调句的作用是加强语气, 把It is/was.that.省略后, 整体意义不受影响。此句可以改为：We gave Yang Ming a warning only after careful consideration.4. Getting enough sleep is important for peoples health and after such a chorus of complaints, we had to take action.得到充足的睡眠对人的健康来说是重要的, 在收到如此一致的投诉之后,
5、 我们不得不采取了行动。剖析：这是一个由and连接的并列句, 第一个并列分句是Getting enough sleep is important for peoples health, Getting enough sleep是动名词作主语；第二个并列分句是after such a chorus of complaints, we had to take action。拓展：such有下面的用法:1) such a (an)+形容词+单数可数名词。This is such a lovely hill that I will pay a visit to it again.2)such+形容词+
6、复数可数名词。The teachers you have already seen are such great men.3)such+形容词+不可数名词The people we often talk about have such useful knowledge.4)such a(an)+单数可数名词+as从句She is such a writer as he referred to at the meeting.5)such +复数可数名词+as从句They are such books as I bought in Harbin.6)such+不可数名词+as从句(as可作主语、表
7、语或宾语)I know that such knowledge as is mentioned by him is useful.5. Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that not only is he a keen gardener, he is also a fish collector.史密斯住在迈奇一家人的楼上, 看起来他不仅热衷于园艺, 还是个鱼类收藏家。剖析：这是一个由and连接的并列句。Smith lives above the McKays是第一个并列分句。第二个并列分句又是一个主从复合句, it appears th
8、at 是主句, it是形式主语, not only is he a keen gardener, he is also a fish collector是真正的主语从句, 其中包含一个not only.(but) also.连接的并列句。拓展： 1)not only.(but) also 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词要和最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。如：Not only Mr. Lin but also his son has joined the Party. （连接两个主语)2)not only.(but) also 连接两个分句, 并且 not only 位于句首时, 第一个分句中的主语和
9、谓语要部分倒装。如:Not only did he speak English correctly, but also he spoke it fluently.3)not only.(but) also 连接两个并列成分时, not only不能分开使用, 但 but also 却可以分开使用。可以省略 but 或 also , 也可以把 but also 都省略掉。如:He was not only compelled to stay at home, (but) also forbidden to see his friend.6. Wed be sitting there happil
10、y reading our newspapers, when suddenly so much water would come from above that wed be as wet as if wed showered with our clothes on!我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸, 突然间很多水从天而降, 我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！剖析：这是一个由when连接的并列句, 第一个并列分句是Wed be sitting there happily reading our newspapers, 在第二个并列分句中, suddenly so much water wou
11、ld come from above是主句, that wed be as wet是结果状语从句, as if wed showered with our clothes on是方式状语从句。拓展：when作为并列连词, 表示“就在这时（发生了另一件事）”, 常常用于下面的三种情况:1)sb. be doing sth. when sth. happened. 某人正干某事, 这时发生了一件事情。2 )sb. be about to do sth. when sth. happened. 某人要干某事, 这时发生了一件事情。3)sb. had done sth. when sth. happe
12、ned. 某人刚干完某事, 这时发生了一件事情。7. Do Chuc is a forty-eight-year-old Vietnamese farmer whose two daughters and an aunt were killed by American soldiers in My Lai that day.杜沙是一个48岁的越南农民, 他的两个女儿和一个姑姑在 “美来大屠杀”那天被美国兵杀害了。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, Do Chuc is a forty-eight-year-old Vietnamese farmer是主句, whose two daughters an
13、d an aunt were killed by American soldiers in My Lai that day是一个限制性定语从句, 修饰farmer。在限制性定语从句中用了被动语态。拓展：表示人的定语从句的引导词有who, whom, whose, 在从句中, who可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语, whom可以作表语、宾语和同位语, whose作定语。8. One of their men, speaking in English, remarked that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed
14、 up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.他们中有个人会说英语, 他说他在英格兰工作过好几, 他对这场讨厌的战争烦透了, 如果战争结束他会非常高兴。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, One of their men remarked.是主句, 两个that都引导宾语从句。when it was over是时间状语从句。speaking in English是现在分词作定语。be fed up with.“对某事非常厌烦”。拓展：分词作定语相当于一个定语从句。现在分词作定语相当于一个主动语态的定语从句, 过去分词作
15、定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。speaking in Englishwho spoke in English。9. We d formed a bond and during the whole of Boxing Day we never fired a shot and they the same;each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling.我们订了个合同, 在圣诞节期间, 我们一枪也没有打, 他们也没有打，每一方似乎都在等着另一方采取行动。剖析：本句为由分号隔开的并列句。第一个分句中含有由a
16、nd连接的并分句，they the same是一个省略句，可还原为they did the same thing。each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling中seemed to be waiting是不定式的进行时态。to set the ball rolling是不定式作宾语的补足语。拓展：不定式的进行式表示的动作或情况与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。1)常位于 appear, happen, pretend, seem等之后。如:He seems to be living in the area.他
17、似乎就住在这一带。2)常位于hope，promise等之后。如:I hope to be earning my living in a years time.我希望在一内能自食其力。3)常位于被动时态的 believe, consider, suppose, think等之后。如:He is believed to be living in Mexico.据信他现在住在墨西哥。10. The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number twenty thousand to come thro
18、ugh this hospital.将军来给他颁奖是因为他正好是进入这个医院的第两万个伤员。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, The general was coming to give him the award是主句, because he happened to be number .是原因状语从句。拓展：1)come, go, leave等词的进行时态可以表示将来的动作。2)sb. + happen+ to do sth. 表示“某人碰巧做某事”。如:I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了
19、我的一个朋友。还可用“It happens/happened that.”这一结构来表达。如:It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon.碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。11. A handful of fire fighters came, but nobody dared to go near the plane because it was on fire and we couldnt find out if it still had its bombs and tanks full of petro
20、l.几个消防队员赶到了, 但由于飞机还在着火, 我们又无法确定上面是否有炸弹, 是否装满了汽油, 所以没有人敢靠近它。剖析：这是一个由but连接的并列复合句, 第一个并列分句是A handful of fire fighters came, 第二个并列分句是nobody dared to go near the plane。在because引导的原因状语从句中, 包含一个由and连接的并列分句, it was on fire 和we couldnt find out , if引导一个宾语从句 it still had its bombs and tanks full o petrol，此处的if表示“是否”。拓展：1)find out, find, discover和invent的辨析:find out表示查出一件事情, 而find表示找到某个东西。discover表示发现原来存在的人和物。invent表示创造和发明原来没有的东西。2)全否定和半否定全否定的词有:nobody, nothing, none, not, no, never, neither, none, nothing.。半否定的词有:not all, not every, not both, not each.。