1、第三部分构词法英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的,掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇。英语构词法主要有三种:合成、派生(前缀,后缀)和转化。1.合成法:由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。合成名词:classroom,boyfriend,basketball,schoolbag,blackboard合成形容词:worldwide,man-made,warm-hearted,good-looking,well-known合成副词:however,whenever,somewhere,downstairs合成代词:everything,somebody,anything,s
2、omething,nothing合成介词:within,without,into,onto合成动词:overcome合成数词:fifty-four2.派生法:在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫作前缀,加在后面的词缀叫作后缀。(1)前缀:un-(不、非,表示否定):unfriendly,unpleasant,uncomfortable,unhappy,unusualdis-(不、非,表示否定):discover,disagree,disappearim-(不、非,表示否定):impossible,impolitein-(不、非,表示否定):invi
3、sibleil-(不、非,表示否定):illegalmis-(不、非,表示否定):mistake,misunderstandbi-(两个、双边的):bicycleinter-(相互、交叉、在一起):interview,international,Internetre-(又、再、重新):rewrite,return,review,retelltele-(远):telephone,televisionen-(使成为):enable,enjoy(2)后缀:名词后缀:-or/-er(从事某种职业的人):actor,visitor,director,doctor,inventor,translator,
4、singer,runner,worker,teacher-ist(人):artist,scientist,tourist,pianist-ese(民族、语言):Chinese,Japanese-tion(表示行为、状态):invitation,attraction,population,pronunciation,discussion-ment(表示行为、结果):movement,development-ness(表示状态、性质):happiness,illness-ship(表示状态、身份):friendship,relationship形容词后缀:-ful(表示充满):successful
5、,beautiful,colorful,wonderful-y(表示性质):funny,healthy,cloudy,windy,salty-ing(表示特征、状态):boring,exciting,interesting,outstanding-ed(表示特征、状态):surprised,balanced,relaxed,talented-al(表示与有关的):traditional,international,natural,personal,national-able(表示能够):comfortable,unforgettable,suitable-less(表示没有、无):homele
6、ss,hopeless,careless,helpless-en(表示由制成的):wooden,golden-ive(表示性质、倾向):active,collective-ish(表示属于,有性质的):foolish副词后缀:-ly(表示品质、方式):really,usually,finally注意:friendly,lovely,lively这三个单词虽以-ly结尾,但却是形容词。数词后缀:-teen(表示十几):thirteen,fifteen,sixteen-ty(表示十):twenty,forty,seventy3.转化法:一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类,这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。(1)名词转化为动词:show n.展览;展示show v.表演;展出hand n.手hand v.交给water n.水water v.浇水color n.颜色color v.给着色(2)形容词转化为动词:slow adj.慢的slow v.放慢clean adj.干净的clean v.把弄干净dry adj.干的dry v.使变干empty adj.空的empty v.使变空(3)动词转化为名词:walk v.散步walk n.散步look v.看look n.相貌,长相