1、Module 4 Great Scientists基础巩固篇一、默写版块.重点单词请快速写出下列单词对应的汉语意思1biochemistry n. 生物化学 2biology n. 生物学 3botany n. 植物学 4genetics n. 遗传学 5zoology n. 动物学 6staple adj. 主要的；重要的 7nickname n. 绰号 8breeding n. 培育 9species n. (动物或植物的)种 10yield n. 产量 11hybrid n. 杂交种 12bestseller n. 畅销书(或唱片等) 13relativity n. 相对论 14rock
2、et n. 火箭 15quality n. 质量 16gunpowder n. 火药 17arrow n. (弓)箭 请快速写出下列英语单词18. leading adj.主要的19figure n人物20publish vt.出版21breakthrough n突破22support vt.支持23convert vt.改变；转换24replace vt.取代；以代替25victim n受害者26partly adv.部分地；在一定程度上27escape vi.逃跑；逃避；逃脱28clear vi.(烟雾)消散29quantity n数量30diagnose vt.诊断请快速写出下列英语单词
3、及拓展单词31. producer n生产者 produce vt.生产 production n生产；产量 product n产品32. educate vt.教育 education n教育 educator n教育工作者33. agriculture n农业 agricultural adj.农业的34. original adj.原来的；最初的 origin n起源 originate vi.起源 originally adv.原来；起初35. export vt.出口 import vt.进口36. brief adj.简短的；简洁的 briefly adv.简短地37. gradu
4、ate vi.毕业n.毕业生 graduation n毕业38. personal adj.个人的 personally adv.就个人而言 personality n个性；性格39. explode vi.爆炸 explosion n爆炸；爆炸声.高频短语1. bring up 培养；养育2the key to (doing) sth. (做)某事的关键3experiment with 对进行实验4bring in 引进5carry out 实施；履行；执行6as a result of 由于的结果7be known for 因而出名/闻名8be diagnosed with 被诊断患有疾病
5、9earn ones living 谋生10come to power 掌权.经典句型1He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。2In Stephen Hawkings case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.以史蒂芬霍金为例，人们发现他是一位才华横溢的科学家。3The tubes were attac
6、hed to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.竹管被绑在一根帮助火箭直线运动的长棍上。4Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut?或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为世界上第一个宇航员？二、运用版块.单句语法填空1A great deal of money have been spent (spend) in bringing up the three children unti
7、l now.2It is everybodys duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going (go) on the right track.3The boy managed to escape from the burning house，but he couldnt escape being punished/punishment (punish) because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.4The museum has
8、been completed，but the government hasnt made it clear when it will be open to the public.5This summer I want to visit Suzhou known (know) for its beautiful gardens.6The problem of global warming is serious.As a result，the sea level rises.7Though earning (earn) his living by selling fruit，the old man
9、 contributed much money to help the people hit by the disaster.8He had to do an extra job after work，for he had a big family to support (support)9Mikes mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, making (make) it difficult for him to adjust to the firstyear college life.10How do
10、 you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key to solving (solve) the problem is to meet the demands made (make) by the customers.单句改错1You may be physical and mentally exhausted after a long flight.physicalphysically2Only a few people spoke in the support of the sugges
11、tion. 去掉第一个 the3After thousands of experiments，the researchers finally made big breakthrough.在 big 前加 a4The people who work here are well educate and openminded.educateeducated5He has lost all his friends as a result his foolish behaviour. 在 result 后加 of.完成句子1保护环境的关键是让人们意识到环境的重要性。 (the key to) The k
12、ey to protecting the environment is to let people realise the importance of environment.2孩子们被要求保持教室干净整洁。(keep宾语宾语补足语)Children are requested to keep the classroom clean and tidy3我以前听过这首歌曲，但我想不起它的歌名了。(escape)Ive heard this song before but its name escapes me/my memory4我的老板明确表示下个月我们中三分之一的人将不得不离开。(clear
13、)My boss made it clear that one third of us would have to leave next month.5自从新经理上台之后，项目就不归我们管了。The project is off our hands since the new manager came into/to power能力提升篇.阅读理解Lets begin with the story：King Hiero contracts the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes (阿基米德) to detect fraud in the manufactur
14、e of a golden crown.Archimedes accepts the challenge and，during a subsequent trip to the public baths，realizes that the more his body sinks into the water，the more water is displacedmaking the displaced water an exact measure of his volume.Realizing he has hit upon a method to determine whether the
15、Kings crown was made of gold or silver，the young Greek leaps out of the bath and rushes home naked crying “Eureka! Eureka！” Or translated：“Ive found it! Ive found it！”Too bad，however，Archimedes probably never uttered the word in that way.First and foremost，Archimedes himself never wrote about this e
16、pisode，although he spent plenty of time detailing the laws of buoyancy (浮力)The oldest authority on the nakedArchimedes eureka story is Vitruvius，a Roman writer，who included the tale in his introduction to his ninth book of architecture.“Vitruvius may have gotten it wrong，”says Chris Schmitt，a mathem
17、atician and a selfdescribed Archimedes fan.“The method attributed to Archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds right，but when you actually try it，you find that the real world gets in the way.”In fact，Schmitt is one of a long line of scientists，including Galileo，who have read the account a
18、nd thought，“That cant be right.” As Galileo wrote，Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale.In fact，the surface tension (表面张力) of water can make the volume of a light object like a crown immeasurable.“There may be some truth to it，”
19、Schmitt adds.“Archimedes did measure the volume of things but the eureka moment was maybe due to his original discovery concerning buoyancy，not about sitting in the bathtub and then running through the streets naked.”Much like Newtons apple，the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of t
20、he story：a golden crown，a life being in the balance，a naked mathematician.The suspect foundations of the eureka moment take nothing away from the words ability to uniquely and concisely convey the flash of inspiration. 语篇解读阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，该故事应该不是真实的。1According to the first paragraph，
21、how would Archimedes measure the volume of the crown?AHe would weigh himself with and without the crown.BHe would weigh the crown first and then put it into water.CHe would go to the public baths wearing the crown on his head.DHe would make the crown sink into water and measure the water displaced.解
22、析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，故选D。答案：D2What did Galileo probably think of the nakedArchimedes eureka story?AHe believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation.BHe suspected Archimedes didnt run through the street
23、naked.CHe doubted Archimedes carried out the experiment independently.DHe thought Archimedes would not have used the method described.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As Galileo wrote，Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale.”可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到
24、一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故选D。答案：D3What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?AThe word “eureka” is still widely used today.BThe word “eureka” is now a formal scientific term.CMost people accept the authenticity of the original story.DPeople are still inspired by the achiev
25、ements of Archimedes.解析：推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这个词独特、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故选A。答案：A4What is the purpose of this text?ATo introduce the famous scientist Archimedes.BTo examine the credibility of the eureka story.CTo explain how the word “eureka” was created.DTo urge peopl
26、e not to use the word “eureka” anymore.解析：写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律的故事来引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedes probably never uttered the word in that way”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以B项正确。 答案：B.阅读七选五Sports performance can be influenced by many different things. 1 There are many physical factors that play
27、 a part in sports performance. 2 The natural talent and strength of the players will make a difference.Also，it is important to get enough sleep before you are in a sports event. 3 Eating good meals is also important.When you are hungry，you cannot perform the same.You might be thinking about food whe
28、n you should be thinking about the game.Of course，the more a team or a player practices，the more likely they are to perform well.The same person with the same physical abilities might just become better as he practices.Researching your competitors can matter a lot in sports performance.Knowing their
29、 strengths and weaknesses can help you adjust how you play to give yourself a better performance against them. 4 If you can figure out where to hit the ball in tennis to confuse your competitor，for example，then this can help you score points. 5 If someone is very pessimistic about a game，for example
30、，and is sure that he will lose，then he might increase his chances of doing so.If he is very nervous then he might be thinking about that instead of focusing on the game.If he is focused then he might do better，achieving what he didnt even realize he could.His confidence can also affect how the other
31、 team views him.AIt is important to be aware of these factors.BIt is necessary to get to know your competitor and yourself.CAlso，there are ways to play something cleverly and do better.DIf you are tired，you may not perform as you normally would.EIf you have practiced enough to keep fit，you should have a rest.FIf someone is in good shape，then of course he will perform better.GThere are many psychological factors that can play a part in how well you perform.答案：15AFDCG