1、第四节主旨大意题一、标题归纳题(2019江苏，D)The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimers(阿尔兹海默症).He was losing his memory.A software engineer by profession，Steve was a keen lover of the piano，and the only musician in his family.Music was his true passion，though he had never performed outside
2、 the family.Melissa，his daughter，felt it more than worthwhile to save his music，to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.Naomi，Melissas best friend and a talented pianist，got to know about this and showed willingne
3、ss to help.“Why do this？” Steve wondered.“Because she cares，” Melissa said.Steve nodded，tear in eye.Naomi drove to the Goodwin home.She told Steve shed love to hear him play.Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench，hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.Naomi put a small re
4、corder near the piano.Starts and stops and mistakes.Long pauses，heart sinking.But Steve pressed on，playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.“It was beautiful，” Naomi said after listening to the recording.“The music was worth saving.”Her responsibility，her privilege，would be to rescue it
5、.The music was still in Steve Goodwin.It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together.Hed move his fingers clumsily on the piano，and then shed take his place.He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.He stood by the piano，eye
6、s closed，listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code：lines，beats，intervals，moving from the root to end a song in a new key.Steve heard it.All of it.He just couldnt play it.Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve.It had excited with
7、in him the belief he could write one last song.One day，Naomi received an email.Attached was a recording，a recording of loss and love，of the fight.Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.Naomi heard multiple stops and starts.Steve struggling，searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged
8、 him.The task was so hard，and Steve，angry and upset，said he was quitting.Joni praised him，telling her husband this could be his signature piece.Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steves favorite，and most personal，songs.With Naomis help，the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing
9、 Steves songs.Joni thought that would be the end.But it wasnt.In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert，Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind：“Melancholy Flower”.She told the director about her project with Steve.The director agreed to add it to
10、the playing list.But Naomi would have to ask Steves permission.He considered it an honor.After the concert，Naomi told the family that Steves music was beautiful and professional.It needed to be shared in public.The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.By the day
11、 of the show，more than 300 people had said they would attend.By then，Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends.He knew the path his life was now taking.He told his family he was at peace.Steve arrived and sat in the front row，surrounded by his family.The house lights
12、faded.Naomi took the stage.Her fingers.His heart.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲因为患阿尔兹海默症而逐渐失去记忆，女儿珍视父亲为她在儿时演奏过的那些陪她入睡的音乐，为了让这温暖的“独家音乐”不失传，她请懂音乐的朋友把父亲的音乐录制下来。65.Why did Melissa want to save her fathers music?A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.B.She wanted to please her dying old father.C.His m
13、usic deserved to be preserved in the family.D.She wanted to make her father a professional.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一一位音乐家，再根据第三段中的“Melissa，his daughter，felt it more than worthwhile to save his music，to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长，因
14、此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭有着特别的意义，值得被保存，故本题答案为C。66.After hearing Steves playing，Naomi .A.refused to make a comment on itB.was deeply impressed by his musicC.decided to free Steve from sufferingD.regretted offering help to her friend答案B解析细节理解题。根据第十段“It was beautiful， Naomi said after listening to the recordin
15、g.The music was worth saving.”可知，听完Steve的演奏之后，Naomi对他的音乐很是赞赏，故本题答案为B。67.How can the process of Steves recording be described?A.It was slow but productive.B.It was beneficial to his health.C.It was tiresome for Naomi.D.It was vital for Naomis career.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第十二段“Naomi and Steve met every other w
16、eek and spent hours together.Hed move his fingers clumsily on the piano，and then shed take his place.”及第十四段“Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve.It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song.”可知，音乐的录制过程虽然缓慢，但是颇有成效，故本题答案为A。68.Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower”，his wife
17、Joni .A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhaustedB.didnt expect the damage the disease brought aboutC.didnt fully realize the value of her husbands musicD.brought her husbands music career to perfection答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第七段最后两句“Joni thought that would be the end.But it wasnt.”以及下文中提到“Steve的音乐在音乐会
18、上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响”可知，Joni之前并没有充分意识到Steve的音乐的价值。故本题答案为C。69.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?A.He felt concerned about his illness.B.He sensed a responsibility for music.C.He regained his faith in music.D.He got into a state of quiet.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章最后两段的内容尤其是倒数第二段中的“He to
19、ld his family he was at peace.”可知，在音乐会上，他的心情很平静。故本题答案为D。70.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.The Kindness of FriendsB.The Power of Music C.The Making of a MusicianD.The Value of Determination答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第九段中的“Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve.”可知，音乐录制给父亲带来了巨大的改变，甚至激发了他创作
20、歌曲的信念。由此可知，“音乐的力量”最适合作本文标题。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括准确而又简短；针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目能引发读者的阅读欲望。设问形式常有：(1)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?(2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text?(3)What is the best title for this passage?(4)The mo
21、st suitable title of this passage is .二、解题技巧1.“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2.文章标题三特点(1)一般为单词、短语或句子形式，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第70题，通读全文，尤其是倒数第九段中的“Working with Naomi di
22、d wonders for Steve.”可知，音乐录制给父亲带来了巨大的改变，甚至激发了他创作歌曲的信念。由此可知，“音乐的力量”最适合作本文标题。ALaughter is part of the 1universal human vocabulary.All members of the human species understand it.Unlike English or French or Swahili，we dont have to learn to speak it.Were born with the capacity to laugh.Very little is kno
23、wn about the specific brain mechanisms responsible for laughter.5Contrary to folk wisdom，most laughter is not about humor；it is about relationships.12To find out when and why people laugh，I went with several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed.Over a 10-ye
24、ar period，we studied over 2,000 cases of naturally 10occurring laughter.We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes.People may laugh after a variety of statements，such as，“Here comes Mary.” “How did you do on the test？” or “Do you have a rubber band？” These certainly arent jokes.We
25、 believe laughter 6evolved from the panting(喘气的) behavior of our ancient ancestors.Today，if we tickle (使发痒) chimps，they dont laugh.But，instead，they produce a panting sound.Thats the sound of ape laughter，and its the root of human laughter.Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laug
26、hter，like games that involve chasing.Other animals produce sounds during play，but they are so different from laughter.Rats，for example，produce high sounds during play and when tickled，but these are very different in sound from human laughter.Laughter is often positive，but it can be negative too.Ther
27、es a difference between “laughing with” and “laughing at”.People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group.No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh，but young children probably laugh the most.At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other ti
28、mes.Adults laugh less than children，probably because they play less.Work now 2underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter，how it has evolved，and why were so susceptible to tickling.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。1.What was the purpose of the decades re
29、search?A.To prove that people laugh because of humor.B.To find out the real reason for peoples laughter.C.To research peoples different reaction on jokes.D.To record conversations among shoppers in malls.答案B解析细节理解题。由题干中的“the decades research”可定位至文章第二段最后两句，由该段倒数第二句“To find out when and why people lau
30、gh.”可知，这十年的研究是为了弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2.What can we learn from the text?A.People who play more tend to laugh more.B.Apes produce high sounds when tickled.C.Scientists know the brain mechanisms responsible for laughter well.D.The situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which
31、humans laugh.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times.Adults laugh less than children，probably because they play less.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。A项正确。3.What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Sensitive. B.Flexible.C.Addictive
32、. D.Reliable.答案A解析词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible(易受影响的，敏感的)与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A.The Impact of LaughterB.The Meaning of LaughterC.A Big Mystery：Why Do We Laugh?D.Laughter：The Most Beautiful Word答案C解析标题归纳题。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个
33、话题。故C项为最佳标题。BMost people who own mobile phones use them as their alarm clocksmaking it very easy to check emails one last time before falling asleep and hard to ever feel away from work and social networks.Several years ago，my boss fainted due to 7exhaustion after staying up late to catch up on work
34、.She banged her head and ended up with five stitches(缝针)and became what she calls a “sleep evangelist(传教士)”.Now she leaves her mobile phone 11charging in another room when she goes to bed and encourages her friends to do the same.“I sent all my friends the same Christmas gifta lovely alarm clockso t
35、hey could stop using the excuse that they needed their very attractive mobile phones by their beds to wake them up in the morning，” she said.If your mobile phone wakes you up in the morning，it may also be keeping you up at night.A 2008 study showed that people exposed to mobile radiation took longer
36、 to fall asleep and spent less time in deep sleep.“13The study 8indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals，components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily 3wear and tear are 9severely affected，” the study concluded.A quarter of young people feel like t
37、hey must be available by mobile phone 4around the clock，according to a Swedish study that linked heavy cellphone use to sleeping problems，stress and depression.Unreturned messages carry more guilt when the technology to deal with them lies at our fingertips.Some teens even return text messages at mi
38、dnight.Most of us choose not to set limits on our nighttime availability.Nearly three quarters of people from the age of 18 to 44 sleep with their mobile phones within reach，according to a 2012 Time poll.That number falls off slightly in middle age，but only people aged 65 and older are leaving their
39、 mobile phones in another room as common as sleeping right next to it.语篇解读本文属于科普类说明文，讲述现在越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响人们的睡眠质量，有些人已经选择把手机放在其他地方来保证自己的睡眠质量。5.Why did the authors boss start to enjoy sleeping?A.Her friends encouraged her to sleep on time.B.Mobile phones couldnt wake her up on time.C.Her fri
40、ends sent her a lovely clock to wake her up.D.She got hurt due to working too late.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者的老板由于熬夜赶工而筋疲力尽晕倒在地，并且头部缝了五针，最终她成为“睡眠传教士”，鼓励大家多睡觉。因此作者的老板开始享受睡眠是因为受到了伤害，故选D。6.Why did the authors boss give her friends alarm clocks as Christmas gifts?A.Alarm clocks dont give off any radiation
41、.B.Alarm clocks are better at waking her friends up.C.She advised them to replace mobile phones with alarm clocks.D.She used alarm clocks to remind them not to work too late.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者的老板送给朋友闹钟是为了不再让他们用把手机当闹钟的借口而影响睡眠，让他们用闹钟来替代手机，故选C。7.What can we learn from the 2008 study?A.Mobile radiati
42、on makes people unable to fall asleep.B.Mobile phones can release 884 MHz wired signals.C.Sleep can help people fight against radiation.D.Components of sleep can be seriously affected by wireless signals.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The study indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless sig
43、nals，components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear are severely affected.”可知，2008年的一份研究表明，在实验中暴露于884兆赫的无线信号中，修复白天身体损耗很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。由此可知，无线电信号会严重影响睡眠质量，故选D。8.What is the best title for the passage?A.How Mobile Phones Affect SleepB.Why Alarm Clocks Are Better than
44、 PhonesC.How We Can Sleep Better at NightD.How Mobile Phones Affect Health答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文阐述越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响其睡眠质量，阐述了手机与睡眠的关系，故选A。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.There is a universal love for basketball in the country among all walks of life.普遍的，全体的2.Preparations for the arrival of
45、the senior representative from the UN are already underway.在进行中的3.These products can stand wear and tear，which will definitely be attractive in the market.磨损4.Some stores stay open around the clock，while others do business for only a few hours a day.夜以继日地，昼夜不停地(二)同义词语替换5.Contrary to the belief that
46、rock music is always angry and noisy，his trademark(标志性的) style is quiet but powerful.opposed to6.The company has evolved over the years into a multi-million dollar organization.developed7.There are many symptoms of depression.They include lack of sleep，strong feeling of exhaustion，and difficulty con
47、centrating throughout the day.tiredness8.Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salaries.shows9.The school buildings were severely damaged in the earthquake and students had to study at a local company，which changed its workshop into a temporary classroom.seriously(
48、三)一词多义10.occur v.发生；被想起(1)A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China.发生(2)It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.被想起11.charge v.& n.主管，负责n.费用v.收费；控告；充电；进攻(1)When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole，they wait patiently and can
49、 charge at any second.v.进攻(2)Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please？n.主管，负责(3)Do you think museums should charge for admission？v.收费(4)She is charged with murdering her husband.v.控告(5)The monthly charge for this service is only $29，which is quite reasonable.n.费用(6)It beca
50、me a routine for us to charge our phone frequently even in a day.v.充电.长难句理解12.To find out when and why people laugh，I went with several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed.句式分析本句为主从复合句。 句首的To find out是目的状语，句子的主语是I，谓语动词went和recorded由and连接。what 引导的是宾语从句。精美译文
51、为了弄清楚人们发笑的时间和原因，我和几个助手去了当地的购物中心，记录了人们发笑之前的事情。13.The study indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals，components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear are severely affected.句式分析本句为复合句。that引导的是宾语从句。从句是主谓结构，主语是components of sleep，are severely
52、 affected是被动结构；believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear 是过去分词作定语，这本身是一个句型：sb./sth.be said/believed/reported to do，表示“据说/据认为/据报道”。精美译文该研究表明，在实验室里暴露于884兆赫无线信号时，被认为对日常(身体)损耗的恢复很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。强化练(二十四).单项填空1.I in the same position too long.My legs have fallen asleep.Shake it a littl
53、e before you get up.(2019泰州四模)A.will sit B.have satC.am sitting D.have been sitting答案D解析句意为：我在相同的位置坐得太久了，腿麻了。站起来之前动一动。分析句意可知，本句为现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作，并有可能持续下去，其形式为：have/has been doing sth.。故D选项正确。2.The health of garden plants depends on the soil the proper balance of mineral pieces，organic mat
54、ter，air and water.(2019南京市盐城市高三一模)A.construction B.conservationC.corporation D.composition答案D解析句意为：园林植物的健康取决于土壤的组成矿物质、有机物质、空气和水的适当平衡。construction建设，建筑；conservation保存，保护；corporation 法人，公司；composition组成，成分。根据句意可知选D。3.That woman was a little vague at the time but said something to the effect that she t
55、he project within three days.A.finished B.will finishC.would finish D.will have finished答案C解析句意为：那位女士当时有点含糊其词，不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。根据句中的“was”“said”以及“within three days”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。故选C。4.Her doctor indicated that even adding a(n) amount of daily exercise would dramatically improve
56、her health.(2019南京市盐城市高三一模)A.modest B.equalC.considerable D.exact答案A解析句意为：她的医生表示，即使每天增加适度的锻炼，也会极大地改善她的健康状况。modest 谦逊的，不大的，适度的；equal 相等的，平等的；considerable相当多的，相当大的；exact准确的，精确的。根据句意可知选A。5.Fathers love for their kids seems to be a bit strict and tough； ，mothers love seems to be loving and caring.A.anyw
57、ay B.meanwhileC.moreover D.otherwise答案B解析句意为：父亲对孩子的爱似乎有点严厉和强硬；相比之下，母亲的爱似乎充满了爱和关怀。meanwhile与此同时，对比之下，符合语境。anyway尽管，无论如何；moreover此外，而且；otherwise除此之外，否则。6.Most successful people think about things in new and different ways：they see an open window _ others see a closed door.A.where B.ifC.once D.unless答案
58、A解析句意为：大多数成功人士以新的和不同的方式思考事物：他们在别人看到一扇关闭的门的地方看到的是一扇敞开的窗户。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故选A。7.Described as a “landmark partnership”，the deal between STATSports and the Chinese Football Association as part of Chinas push for hosting and winning a World Cup by 2050.A.sees B.was seenC.is seen D.
59、is to see答案C解析句意为：STATSports 与中国足球协会之间的协议被称为“具有里程碑意义的合作伙伴关系”，它被视为中国努力在2050年之前主办和赢得一次世界杯的一部分。根据句意可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又see与the deal 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。8. ，Bob？Youve been so upset all morning.I crashed my fathers car.A.Whats eating you B.What about youC.How are you D.How do you do答案A解析句意为：你怎么啦，鲍勃？你一早
60、上都很沮丧。我撞坏了我爸爸的车。whats eating you你怎么了，是什么让你心烦，符合语境。what about you你呢；how are you你好吗；how do you do你好。9.Some people investigated say they prefer the older green trains moving at a slower pace，which allow passengers to the beautiful scenery outside.A.describe B.imagineC.appreciate D.recall答案C解析句意为：接受调查的一
61、些人称，他们更喜欢那些行进速度稍慢的、古老一些的绿皮火车，那些火车使得乘客能够欣赏外面的美景。appreciate 欣赏，符合语境。describe描述；imagine想象；recall回想起。10.World Food Day is celebrated every year around the world on Oct.16， the date of the founding of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1945.A.in defense of B.in search ofC.in f
62、avor of D.in honor of答案D解析句意为：联合国粮食及农业组织于1945年10月16日成立，为纪念这一天，世界各地的人们把每年的这一天作为“世界粮食日”来庆祝。in honor of为了纪念，符合语境。in defense of为保卫，保护；in search of搜寻，寻找；in favor of支持。.阅读理解A(2019宿迁市高三期末)It is a psychological strategy that all parents will be familiar with：instead of scolding a misbehaving child，focus ins
63、tead in rewarding them for good behaviour.Now the idea is well received outside the nursery，with implications for everything from recycling clothes to policing.Consumers end up with piles of unwanted clothes.Every year in the UK，300,000 tonnes ends up in landfill235 million individual items.Now howe
64、ver，apps such as ReGain，Regive and Stuffstr are making it simplerand more worthwhilefor people to return their unwanted clobber.The ReGain app can be used to find one of 20,000 drop-off points.In return，the diligent consumer earns rewards such as discount coupons for high street retailers.Stuffstr w
65、orks in partnership with John Lewis to help people get cash in return for unwanted items from the chain.“Possibly the one prediction that we economists get right is that if you incentivise(激励) a behaviour，you will get more of it，” says Dr Matthew Levy，a lecturer in economics at the London School of
66、Economics.He cites research，including his own，showing that financial incentives encouraging regular exercise，stopping smoking and losing weight effectively promote healthy behaviours and that there is no backlash when the incentives are removed.“If anything，the incentives can be used to jump-start a
67、 healthy habit that keeps going，” he says.In the four months after its launch，the ReGain scheme received almost 17,000 parcels containing 47 tonnes of used clothes and shoes，of which 95% could potentially be reused，according to its founder Jack Ostrowski.“We need to find a way to influence behaviour
68、，and discount coupons help，” he says.The platform is also working with brands and retailers to find ways to divert used clothes from landfills and into the production of new clothes，he adds.Other reward schemes have had success in encouraging behavioural change.When police in Canada issued “positive
69、 tickets”coupons for free food or movie ticketsto reward good behaviour among young people，they reported an almost 50% drop in youth-related service calls.“My officers would say In the old days wed drive up in the police car and the kids would run away from us，now they run to us.”In a similar ventur
70、e，Hull city council have announced plans to launch a digital reward tokenthe HullCointhat can be earned by volunteering and spent at local retailers.Elsewhere，a study on the recruitment of health workers in Zambia found that highlighting economic incentives during the recruitment process caused futu
71、re employees to be more motivated and task-focused.“Obviously different groups are motivated by different factors，” says Ostrowski.“For some，the feel goodfactor is enough，and for others，that reward stimulus is required.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是所有父母都熟悉的一种心理策略：与其责骂行为不端的孩子，不如专注于奖励他们的良好行为。11.Dr Matthew Levy
72、might agree that .A.there is an undesired effect when the incentives are removedB.economists always make some predictions to convince peopleC.used clothes would be recycled via incentives，otherwise in landfillD.financial incentives are the key to peoples getting rid of bad habits答案C解析推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句
73、“If anything，the incentives can be used to jump-start a healthy habit that keeps going，he says.”可知，Dr Matthew Levy可能同意旧衣服可以通过激励措施回收，否则就会被扔进垃圾填埋场。故选C。12.The benefits of financial stimulus are mentioned EXCEPT .A.increasing the sales of clothing and foodB.young peoples behaving well in publicC.leading
74、 to peoples disgust at smokingD.future employees concentrating on tasks答案C解析推理判断题。根据第八段可知A项提到了；根据倒数第五、六、七三段可知B项提到了；根据倒数第二段可知D项提到了；C项在文中未提及，故选C项。13.It can be inferred from the passage that .A.ReGain helps consumers get rewards from John LewisB.ReGain has the biggest share in the 20,000 drop-off point
75、sC.ReGain has the absolute advantage over Regive and StuffstrD.ReGain plays a positive role in making for recycling clothes答案D解析推理判断题。根据第八段中的“In the four months after its launch，the ReGain scheme received almost 17,000 parcels containing 47 tonnes of used clothes and shoes，of which 95% could potenti
76、ally be reused”可知，ReGain对衣服的回收有着积极的作用。故选D。14.What can be the best title for the passage?A.Use Carrots，Not SticksB.The Magic of Reward CouponC.The Better You Are，the More Youll GetD.Positive or Negative答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可知，文章讲述的是所有父母都熟悉的一种心理策略：与其责骂行为不端的孩子，不如专注于奖励他们的良好行为。故本文最佳选项是A。BThe Detroit Symphon
77、y Orchestra will be performing works by Georges Bizet on Friday morning.You might enjoy classical music and like to attend the performance，but live far away from Americas Motor City.On Saturday，the GoGo group Curtis Johnson is performing at the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C.If you live overseas，g
78、oing to that show is probably out of the question.But there is a solution! These and other concerts are available “live” on the Internet.You can hear them in real time with an electronic device.Both performances will be available on the World Wide Web.They are part of a growing number of concerts br
79、oadcast on computers，tablets and smart phones.These digital concerts are known as live-streaming.Technology expert Michael Antonoff says better and less costly equipment is making it easier for performers and theaters to offer music “live” online.“The quality of the sound and video pictures are impr
80、oving all the time，”he says.“Those online concerts now have as many as 40,000 viewers per show.People in 100 nations are watching.It is a huge part of our increasing global reach.”“For international performers，Kennedy Center officials see a jump in online viewership from the home countries of the pe
81、rformer.There is hometown pride when an artist is performing at one of Americas best-known concerts，” says the Kennedy Centers Garth Ross.At a recent Kennedy Center concert，a performer said he was so happy that his disabled mother back in California could watch his performance.“It is not just music
82、being streamed on the web.On December 10，the producer of musical Daddy Long Legs put the show on the web free of charge.It was the first live webcast of a New York musical.Over 150,000 people from 135 nations watched，” producer Ken Davenport said.In other words，it would take his musical 2.7 years of
83、 sold-out performances to draw that many people.15.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “out of the question” in Paragraph 2?A.Impossible. B.Easy.C.Exciting. D.Concerning.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“If you live overseas，going to that show is probably out of the question.”和第三段“But there
84、is a solution! These and other concerts are available live on the Internet.You can hear them in real time with an electronic device.”可知，going to that show is probably out of the question的意思是：去看现场表演是不可能的。故选A。16.What results from the improvement of equipment?A.The equipment is becoming more expensive.
85、B.Few people like watching performances at spot.C.People can watch digital concerts free of charge.D.More and more people enjoy the performances online.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“better and less costly equipment is making it easier for performers and theaters to offer music live online.The quality of the so
86、und and video pictures are improving all the time，he says.Those online concerts now have as many as 40,000 viewers per show”可知，设备的改进使越来越多的人喜欢看网上的表演。故选D。17.How do the international artists feel about their performances?A.Proud. B.Anxious.C.Relaxed. D.Stressed.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第六段中的“There is hometown prid
87、e when an artist is performing at one of Americas best-known concerts”可知，国际艺术家因为他们的表演而感到自豪。故选A。18.What is the best title for the text?A.A Solution to Live Concert ProblemsB.Detroit Symphony Orchestras PerformanceC.American Concerts Available WorldwideD.Development of Music Electronic Device答案C解析标题归纳
88、题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国音乐会接入互联网全球直播，让更多的观众欣赏到表演。故C为最佳标题。.任务型阅读Technologies are often viewed as transformative.For William Kochevar，the term is justified.Mr Kochevar is paralysed(使瘫痪) below the shoulders after a cycling accident，yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand.This remarkable action is par
89、tly thanks to poles implanted in his right arm.But the real magic lies higher up.Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought.His intention to move is reflected in neural activity in his motor cortex(皮层)；these signals are detected by implants in his brain and processed into commands to
90、 activate the electrodes in his arm.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction.But brain-computer interfaces(接口)，BCIs，like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind control can work.Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have
91、heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to activate the brain.The pace of research into the BCI and the scale of its ambition are increasing，but skeptics dismiss it.Taking medical BCIs out of the lab into clinical practice has proved very difficult.The Bra
92、inGate system used by Mr Kochevar was developed more than ten years ago，but only a handful of people have tried it out.Turning implants into consumer products is even harder to imagine.The path to the mainstream is blocked by three major barrierstechnological，scientific and commercial.Start with tec
93、hnology. Non-invasive(无创的) techniques struggle to pick up high-resolution brain signals through intervening layers of skin，bone and membrane. For the time being at least，the most ambitious applications require implants that can interact directly with nerve cells. And existing devices have lots of dr
94、awbacks. They involve wires that pass through the skull; they cause immune responses; they communicate with only a few hundred of the 85bn nerve cells in the human brain.Clear the technological barrier，and another one appears.The brain is still a foreign country.Scientists know little about how exac
95、tly it works，especially when it comes to complex functions like memory formation.Research is more advanced in animals，but experiments on humans are hard.The third obstacle is the practical barriers to commercialization.It takes time，money and expert knowledge or skill to get medical devices approved
96、 officially.And consumer applications will take off only if they perform a function people find useful.Some of the applications of brain-computer interfaces are unnecessarya good voice-assistant is a simpler way to type without fingers than a brain implant，for example.All of these suggest that a rou
97、te to the future imagined by the neurotechnology pioneers is tough，but within a few years，improved technologies may be opening up new channels of communication with the brain.Many of the first applications hold out the unambiguous promise of movement and senses restored.But a host of concerns will a
98、rise.Privacy is an obvious one：the hiding place of an inner voice may disappear.Security is another：if a brain can be reached on the Internet，it can also be hacked. Inequality is a third one：access to superhuman abilities could be beyond all except a privileged few.The 19._ of mind controlWilliam Ko
99、chevar is physically challenged，but with the help of technology，he manages to control his arm movement by mind.Researchers can decode information from neural activity，and in turn，the information 20. from neural activity can be encoded and used to stimulate the brain.The 21._ for doubts about BCIsIt
100、is no easy job to put BCIs into clinical practice.It is even harder to put implants on the 22. .The barriers to BCIs becoming the mainstreamTechnological barrier：The existing devices which are supposed to have direct interaction with neurons are far from 23. .Scientific barrier：There is a lack of 24
101、. of the brain；experiments on humans are harder and less advanced than those on animals.Commercial barriers：It takes a lot of effort to get the authorities to 25. agree to the medical devices.Being useful to people is a must for consumer applications being widely accepted.Some applications are unnec
102、essary，thus 26. BCIs from becoming commercially successful.The concerns about BCIsPrivacy：With nowhere to hide your inner voice，you may 27. your privacy.Security：With anyone able to reach your brain on the Internet，you may have your brain broken into.Inequality：The technology may only be 28. to the
103、advantaged.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了大脑思考与电脑运算之间的结合，即“人机合一”，可能会改变“人之为人”的意义，还介绍了阻碍其发展的因素及其可能引发的担忧。19.答案possibility解析概括词汇题。根据文章第一、二段及表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是意念控制(行动)的可行性，故填possibility。20.答案received解析转换词汇题。根据第二段中的“Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen.Information can also be en
104、coded and used to activate the brain.”可知，从神经系统的活动中接收到的信息能被重新编码并促进大脑运作。故填received。21.答案reasons解析概括词汇题。根据表格右栏的内容并结合第三段的内容可知，此处讲的是人们对BCIs有所怀疑的理由。故填reasons。22.答案market解析转换词汇题。根据第三段中的“Turning implants into consumer products is even harder to imagine.”可知，将移植物变成消费产品，即推向市场，甚至更加困难。故填market。put sth.on the mar
105、ket 是固定用法，意为“把推向市场”。23.答案perfect解析转换词汇题。根据第四段的第三和第四句可知，现在的装置有很多弊端，即远非完美。故填perfect。24.答案understanding/knowledge解析转换词汇题。根据第五段中的“The brain is still a foreign country.Scientists know little about how exactly it works”可知，科学家对大脑缺乏了解。故填understanding/knowledge。25.答案officially解析原文词汇题。根据第六段中的“It takes time，mo
106、ney and expert knowledge or skill to get medical devices approved officially.”可知，医疗装置得到正式批准需要很多努力。故填officially。26.答案preventing/stopping/keeping 解析概括词汇题。根据第六段的内容可知，一些应用是不必要的，这阻止了人机接口在商业上的成功。故填preventing/stopping/keeping。27.答案lose解析转换词汇题。根据最后一段中的“the hiding place of an inner voice may disappear”可知，BCIs会让你内心的声音无处躲藏，你会失去你的隐私。故填lose。28.答案available/accessible解析转换词汇题。根据最后一段中的“access to superhuman abilities could be beyond all except a privileged few”可知，只有享有特权的少数人才能使用这一科技。故填available/accessible。