1、四、文章出处或读者对象题(2019全国，D)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor a
2、ddedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone，who led the team，described the experiment：In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen，a symbol would appear，and on the other side two symbols inside a circle we
3、re shown.For example，the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17
4、in this example.After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a calculation，not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more
5、 closely，they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in valuesometimes choosing，for example，a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic：When adding two numbers，the monkeys always paid attention to the larger
6、 of the two，and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，” Dr Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文
7、。哈佛医学院科学家Margaret Livingstone带领他的团队通过反复实验得出结论：猴子能算算术，且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。32What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?AThey fed them.BThey named them.CThey trained them.DThey measured them.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段首句“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly d
8、ifferent symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward.”可知答案为C。33How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?ABy drawing a circle.BBy touching a screen.CBy watching videos.DBy mixing two drinks.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段末句“If the monkeys touched th
9、e left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.”可知答案为B。34What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?AThey could perform basic addition.BThey could understand
10、simple words.CThey could memorize numbers easily.DThey could hold their attention for long.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。故选A。35In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AEntertainment. BHealth.CEducation. DScience.答案D解析文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文讲述了科学家们通过
11、科学实验得出猴子能够算算术的结论。由此可知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。故选D。一、题型解读几乎所有话题都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。设问形式常有：(1)This passage would probably/most likely be found in .(2)The passage is probably taken from/out of .(3)Where does the text probably come from?(4)The passage is probably intended for .(5)What type of writing is this p
12、assage?二、解题技巧内容细节巧判断1利用内容判断文章出处(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称newspaper(2)推销介绍新产品advertisement(3)文章中有click here等网络用语website(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍travel guide(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍magazine/journal/entertainment section(6)科普知识science report(7)文化教育类文章education section2利用内容判断文章类别(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertis
13、ement(3)活动介绍：notice/announcement(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news(5)科普知识/研究介绍：science report/study report3确定读者对象先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节判断读者对象。例如：【真题感悟】中第35题，通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone带领他的研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故选D项。A(2019湖北十堰模拟)You know the feeling that you have left your
14、 phone at home and feel anxious，as if you have lost your connection to the world.“Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症) 8affects teenagers and adults alike.You can even do an online test to see if you have it.Last week，researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone.Their study found that peop
15、le who use their phones to store，share and 1access personal memories suffer most.When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones，words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.“The findings of our study suggest that users rega
16、rd smartphones as their extended selves and get 2attached to the devices，” said Dr Kim Ki Joon.“People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when 9separated from their phones.” Meanwhile，an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pr
17、essure.So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety？Professor Mark Griffiths，psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University，says it is what is on the phone that 4countsthe social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing o
18、ut)“We are talking about an Internetconnected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives，” says Griffiths.“You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”11Griffiths thinks attachment theory，where we develop e
19、motional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives，is a small part of nomophobia.For “screenagers”，it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety.If they cant see whats happening on Snapchat or Instagram，they become panicstricken about not knowing whats going on socially.“Bu
20、t they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and theres no Internet，” says Griffiths.语篇解读本文为说明文。当今社会的许多人成了手机控，只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症，会感到焦虑不安，好像失去了与世界的联系。这是因为人们把智能手机当作存储、分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。1Which of the following may Dr Kim Ki Joon agree with?AWe waste too much time on phones.BPhones have become
21、 part of some users.CAddiction to phones makes memories suffer.DPhones and blood pressure are closely linked.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三、四句，第二段中的“users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices”及最后一段第三句可知，现在的手机已成为许多人生活的一部分了，分析选项可知B项符合题意。2According to Griffiths，we get nomop
22、hobia because .Awe are accustomed to having a phone on usBwe need our phones to help us store informationCwe worry we may miss out what our friends are doingDwe fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“.it is what is on the phone that countsthe social networking th
23、at creates Fomo (fear of missing out)”可知，社交网络让人们害怕错过朋友们发的东西，担心不知道朋友在做什么，分析选项可知C项正确。3Where can you probably find the above passage?AIn a research report.BIn a fashion brochure.CIn a science textbook.DIn a popular science magazine.答案D解析文章出处题。本文主要叙述了当今社会的许多人已成为手机控及他们成为手机控的原因。有的人只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症，感到焦虑不
24、安，好像失去了与世界的联系，这是因为智能手机是人们存储、分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。这种文章一般会出现在科普杂志上。故选D项。B(2019山东临沂质检)If you follow these insider tips，your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions.Vatican Museums：Vatican CityThe Vatican draws more than five million people each year，and queu
25、es can reach four hours during peak season.Christie Hudson，senior communications manager at Expedia，recommends choosing a 3skiptheline tour.“This not only lets you avoid the ticket counter，but also includes the use of a private partner entrance.”Extra time to visit the Sistine Chapel? Yes!Bamboo For
26、est：Kyoto，JapanBamboo Forest is the most worthy sight in Kyoto.If youre 10longing to enjoy the pathways and take pictures in total quietness，Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possiblethink 7 am.if youre up for it.Dont miss these
27、hidden treasures you can only 5witness in Japan.Chichen Itza：Yucatn，MexicoHome to El Castillo and the Temple of the Warriors，Chichen Itza is a mustsee.Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public.Led by an archaeologist guide，its full of fascinatin
28、g insights and factswithout tons of packwearing tourists.Louvre Museum：Paris，FranceThe Louvre is one of the most popular museums on the planet.12If waiting around in line to get in isnt the way you prefer to spend your time in Paris，consider 6purchasing a 7reserved ticket.This will give you entry to
29、 the pyramid within a halfhour window.The Louvre is also open until 945 pm on Wednesdays and Fridays，if youre up for some latenight art visits.语篇解读本文是一则广告。文章介绍了四个旅游景点，提供给“为赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。4What is recommended at Vatican Museums by Christie Hudson?AQueuing for four hours.BJumping the waiting line.CTakin
30、g a skiptheline tour.DVisiting the Sistine Chapel.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Vatican Museums：Vatican City的第一、二句“The Vatican draws more than five million people each year，and queues can reach four hours during peak season.Christie Hudson，senior communications manager at Expedia，recommends choosing a skiptheline to
31、ur.”可知答案为C。5Which of the following are available for early tourists to avoid the rush?AVatican Museums and Bamboo Forest.BChichen Itza and Bamboo Forest.CBamboo Forest and Louvre Museum.DChichen Itza and Louvre Museum.答案B解析推理判断题。根据Bamboo Forest：Kyoto，Japan中的“Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends
32、hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible”和Chichen Itza：Yucatn，Mexico中的“Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public.”可知选B。6Who might this passage be intended for?AVisitors interested in museums.BGuides at the tourist
33、 attractions.CPeople at the ticket counter.DTourists to beat the rush.答案D解析读者对象题。根据第一段“If you follow these insider tips，your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions.”可知，这篇文章可能是写给“为赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。故选D。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1In some less developed a
34、reas，people are eager to access to medical care.使用2Though far away from her home，she is very attached to her family and friends.依恋3What percentage of your classmates regularly skip breakfast，the most important meal of the day？跳过，不做(二)同义词语替换4It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.m
35、atters/makes a difference5She had the gift of words to help her get through the hardship，heartache and major social changes she had to witness firsthand.see6Tablets are especially useful for college students because students can purchase ebooks or digital(数字的) versions of textbooks and store them al
36、l in one very portable place.buy7A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea had been reserved for him.booked(三)一词多义8affect v影响；使感动；使感染(1) She was deeply affected by the story shared by the homeless boy.v.使感动(2)With official aid，those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements
37、.v.影响(3)Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.v.使感染9separate adj.单独的，分开的 v分离；区分；隔开(1)England is separated from France by the Channel.v.隔开(2)The capacity to think separates humans from other animals.v.区分(3)Use separate knives for raw and cooked meat.adj.单独的，分开的(4)As we joine
38、d the big crowd，I got separated from my friends.v.分离10long adj.长的；长期的 adv.长期地；长久地 v渴望(1)It didnt take long to repair the table.adv.长期地(2)Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.v.渴望(3)The agreement should have very positive results in the long term.adj.长期的.长难句理解11Griffiths thi
39、nks attachment theory，where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives，is a small part of nomophobia.句式分析本句是主从复合句，主句的谓语动词是thinks，后面的attachment theory is.a small part of nomophobia是宾语从句。在该宾语从句中，where引导定语从句，修饰先行词theory；because引导原因状语从句， 其中的holds表示 “持有”。精美译文 格里菲斯认
40、为，依恋理论是无手机恐惧症的一小部分。根据依恋理论，我们对手机产生情感依赖，因为手机掌握着我们生活的细节。12If waiting around in line to get in isnt the way you prefer to spend your time in Paris，consider purchasing a reserved ticket.句式分析本句是主从复合句。if 引导的是条件状语从句，主句是一个祈使句。在该if从句中，waiting around in line to get in作主语，所以谓语动词需要用单数形式。精美译文 如果在巴黎逗留时，你不喜欢排队等候进入，
41、那就考虑提前订票。强化练(十五) .阅读理解A(2019 河南六市一模)While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions，theres always the risk youll be caught out while driving in the rain.But the days of having to quickly close your sunroof could soon be a thing of the past，thanks to Jaguar Land Rovers latest technolog
42、y.The firm is developing cars that can adapt automatically by closing windows and roofs or starting the heater if they detect bad weather is on the way.The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure，humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in conditions and
43、 adapt to them.Cars equipped with the system could make slight changes to the air conditioning if it finds the weather is getting warmer during a journey or increase the cabin temperature if it will get colder.The forecast may indicate there is a possibility of one or more weather conditions，such as
44、 rain，within a period of time，such as five minutes.The vehicle may then adapt to the local weather conditions.In particular，it may close one or more windows，or close a roof of the vehicle in response to a forecast of rain.Similarly，windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to impro
45、ve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.Although it is unclear whether this technology will make its way to a production vehicle anytime soon，such a system would be advantageous on autonomous vehicles.Since theres no human driver present，the system will allow the vehicle to make it comfortable
46、for its passengers，based on current weather conditions.It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎公司最新的一项技术，它的天气预报系统通过传感器来预测天气变化并对车辆自身进行相应的调整。1How will Jaguar Land Rovers latest technology benefit drivers?AVehicles can automatically drive themselves.B
47、Vehicles can find positions and routes themselves.CVehicles can act as mobile weather forecasting stations.DVehicles can open windows and sunroofs automatically.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，捷豹路虎最新的技术可以让车辆像移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气变化并调整车身以适应变化，从而造福驾驶员。故C选项正确。2What is the feature of the glass of a vehicle with the
48、 new technology?AIt can help adjust the inside temperature.BIt can still be clear in rainy days.CIt is too strong to break into pieces.DIts colour can change with the sunshine.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Similarly，windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to improve visibility if bright sun
49、shine is forecast.”可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。故D选项正确。3What can we know about the weather forecasting system from the text?AIt is intelligent enough to stop raining.BIt makes the driver more comfortable.CIt cant predict the weather accurately.DIt makes autonomous cars safer in bad weather.答案D解析细节理解题。根据
50、最后一段末句“It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.”可知，天气预报系统使得无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更安全。故D选项正确。4Where might the text be taken from?AA book review.BA science report.CA science fiction story.DA travel brochure.答案B解析文章出处题。文章介绍了捷豹路虎公司最新的一项科学技术，因此本文应该出自一份科学报道。故B选项正确。B(2019辽宁沈阳市郊联体一模)Do w
51、omen make BETTER astronauts？Russia locks an allfemale crew in space simulator(太空模拟器) for eight days to find out.Six Russian women have been sent into a spaceship to begin a unique experiment testing how an allfemale crew would relate to others on a trip to the Moon and back.“Its interesting for us t
52、o see what is special about the way a female crew communicates，” said Sergei Ponomaryov，the experiments leader.“It will be particularly interesting in terms of psychology，” said the institutes director Igor Ushakov.“Id like to wish you a lack of conflicts，even though they say that in one kitchen，two
53、 housewives find it hard to live together，” he added.The volunteers include scientific researchers，a doctor and a psychologist.The test period simulates(模仿) a flight to the Moon and back，with the women carrying out 10 experiments covering psychology and human biology.Russia sent the first woman into
54、 space，Valentina Tereshkova，in 1963 but has fallen behind since.Last year，it sent its fourth female astronaut into space，Yelena Serova.Serova complained of a great deal of media interest in how she would wash her hair aboard the International Space Station，pointing out that male astronauts did not f
55、ace the same line of questioning.The women found themselves fielding questions at a press conference about how they would act without men or makeup for eight days.“We are very beautiful without makeup，” said participant Darya Komissarova.Her colleague Anna Kussmaul was more direct：“We are doing work
56、.When youre doing your work，you dont think about men and women.” They plan to spend their free time watching films，reading and playing board games.Team leader Yelena Luchnitskaya said she expected the women to deal with any conflict.语篇解读本文属于科普说明文，主要介绍了俄罗斯做的一项关于女性是否能成为更好的宇航员的实验。5In which column can y
57、ou find this passage on a website?AEducation. BEntertainment.CScience. DEconomy.答案C解析文章出处题。根据全文内容可知，文章涉及太空实验的问题，所以可推知，从网站的“科学”栏目中能够看到此文。故选C。6Whats the purpose of the experiment?ATo show that women can do better than men.BTo test whether women can be good astronauts.CTo gather information about the c
58、onditions in space.DTo measure the distance from the earth to the moon.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第三句可知，本实验的目的在于验证女性在太空中如何表现及她们能否成为更好的宇航员。故选B。7What do we know from what Igor Ushakov said?AWomen can not live peacefully in space at all.BThere may be conflicts among the women astronauts.CThe female crew will
59、deal with each other in a new way.DBeing in the same kitchen helps the women live together.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Igor Ushakov提到有些人说在一个厨房里两个家庭主妇都无法很好相处，那么在太空中女宇航员在空间极其有限的情况下可能会偶尔冲突。而且关键信息句“Id like to wish you a lack of conflicts”也表达出了Igor Ushakov对女宇航员间发生小摩擦的预估。故选B。8Which of the following was once se
60、nt into space?ASergei Ponomaryov.BDarya Komissarova.CAnna Kussmaul.DValentina Tereshkova.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Russia sent the first woman into space，Valentina Tereshkova，in 1963 but has fallen behind since.”可知，Valentina Tereshkova曾经被送入太空。故选D。C(2018浙江新高考名校联考信息卷五)Even before we were born，we knew our mo
61、thers voice and could distinguish it from other voices.Thats one of the key findings of an ongoing research project by Canadian and Chinese researchers.The research suggests that while we are still in the womb(子宫)，our brains are learning speech patterns and laying the groundwork for language acquisi
62、tion.“Before birth，the brain is being set up to learn language，” says Barbara Kisilevsky，who conducted the research.It had already been known that newborn babies show a preference for their mothers voice，but her latest research shows they also prefer that familiar sound while still in the womb.Kisil
63、evsky carried out the first leg of the research in China，because she already had a research project under way there and this fit nicely with that work.Working with researchers at Zhejiang University，Kisilevsky tested 60 women in the final stage of pregnancy.All the mothers were taperecorded as they
64、read a poem out loud.Then the mothers were divided into two groups.Half the fetuses(胎儿) heard the recording of their own mother.The other half heard that of another mother，but not their own.In both cases，the poem caused a change in the babys heart rate.The heart rate accelerated among those who hear
65、d their own mothers voice，and decelerated among those who heard a voice other than that of their mothers.Deceleration of the heart rate is “an attention mechanism(机制)”，Kisilevsky says.The heartbeat among fetuses who heard an unfamiliar voice slowed down，she says，because they were paying close attent
66、ion to a voice they did not recognize.The fact that the heartbeat changed in both casesup for Mom，down for someone elseshows the fetuses “noticed both voices”，she says，and could tell one from the other.By the way，the poem is immaterial here.Kisilevsky suspects she would have had the same results if
67、the mothers had been reading a phone book.“Its not the content that the fetuses recognized，”she says.“We all have our own way of talking.We stop at different times，take breaths at different times，and thats what they are recognizing.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项有关胎儿对声音的识别的研究。9.What led to the change in fetus
68、es heart rate acccording to the research?ATheir familiarity with the voice.BThe quality of the recordings.CTheir curiosity about everything.DThe content of the poem recorded.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，胎儿在听到不熟悉的声音时，它们的心跳会减慢，因为它们把更多的注意力放在了它们不能识别的这个声音上。由此可知，在研究中，胎儿对声音的熟悉度的不同导致了它们心率的变化。故选A。10What can be in
69、ferred from the last paragraph?AAdults talk in a way quite different from babies.BKisilevsky firmly believes her findings are applicable.CSpeech patterns are what fetuses recognize in telling voices.DDifferent experimental materials can lead to different results.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是最后两句可知，胎儿在辨别声
70、音时识别的是人们的说话方式，即他们的语言模式。故选C。11In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage?AMedicine. BLifestyle.CEducation. DScience.答案D解析文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项有关胎儿对声音的识别的研究，它最可能出现在报纸的科学专栏上。.七选五(2019广东深圳高级中学适应性考试)You forgot to set your wakeup alarm.As you slowly come to realize that youre going to be ext
71、remely late for school or work，you begin to get into a panic. 12 So you leave home stressed，hungry and thirsty.If you often start your day in such a stressed state，then youll be sure to benefit from the suggestions below.Wake up on time.Waking up on time(or even early) is necessary to start your day
72、 positively. 13 And you wont need to rush around at the last minute.Make your bed.Making your bed is probably the last thing you think about when you are prepared in the morning.This habit may be okay for students，but if you want to increase your motivation and productivity，you should definitely mak
73、e your bed. 14 Take a 10minute walk in the morning.If you have a dog，then this will be an easy task for you.However，even if you dont own a dog，why not try walking for 10 minutes outside every morning? 15 16 Organized people tend to do this work.It helps them keep track of what needs doing at home，wo
74、rk and beyond.The morning time is perfect for checking your todo list.You may also find that you can delete some items that you completed the previous day.ACheck your todo list.BTheres no time for any food or drink.CWrite down things youre grateful for.DFresh air and exercise will make you feel more
75、 energetic.EIt will give you space and time to complete your morning routine.FYoull be rewarded by a tidy room，and a feeling of selfsatisfaction.GEach morning is the start of a new day，so why not learn something new?语篇解读这是一篇说明文。假如你忘了设置闹钟，意识到上课或上班要迟到，你会又饿又渴带着压力离开家。如果你经常以这种状态开始你的一天，那么你一定会从本文给出的建议中受益。1
76、2答案B解析下文说“所以你带着压力离开家，又饿又渴”，B项“没有时间吃东西或喝饮料”与下文一致。故选B。13答案E 解析上文说“准时起床(甚至早起)是积极开始一天的必要条件。” E项“它会给你空间和时间来完成你早上的一系列事情”承接上文，该项中的it指上文中的Waking up on time。故选E。14答案F解析上文说“这个习惯对学生来说是可以的，但是如果你想提高你的动力和效率，你绝对应该整理你的床”。F项“你会得到一个整洁的房间和一种自我满足的感觉”承接上文。故选F。15答案D解析上文说“然而，即使你没有养狗，为什么不试着每天早上在户外散步10分钟呢？”D项“新鲜空气和锻炼会让你感觉更有活力”承接上文。故选D。16答案A解析此空是段落中心句，由上面的几个段落中心句可知，此处应用短小精悍的祈使句，应该在A/C项中选。再根据下文“有条理的人倾向于做这项工作”可知，A项“检查你的待办事项清单”切题。故选A。