1、教师姓名余娟学生姓名填写时间学 科英语年 级教材版本课程名称 不定式课时计划3上课时间教学目标同步教学知识内容 不定式 个性化学习问题解决 不定式 教学重点 不定式教学难点 不定式教师活动教学过程不定式虽然不能做谓语，但保留着动词的特征，可带有自己的宾语和状语，从而形成不定式短语。不定式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等句子成分。一、做主语(1) 英语中，不定式短语可放在句首充当句子的主语。如：To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。(2) 但为了使句子平衡，常用it做形式主语放在句
2、首，而将真正的主语不定式放到句末，特别是在疑问句及感叹句中必须采用这种方式。如：It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。Is it necessary to bring an umbrella today? 今天带雨伞有必要吗？(3) 不定式做主语时，不能有单独的名词或代词做逻辑主语，而应用for sb. /of sb. 做它的逻辑主语，当不定式表示对逻辑主语的利害关系时，用for sb；当不定式用来对逻辑主语表示赞美或责备时，用of sb。如：It is not good for your eye to read in the
3、sun. 在阳光下看对你的眼睛不好。It is very kind of you to help us. 你来帮助我们，真是太好了。二、做宾语(1) 在英语中，不定式可用来做宾语。如：He agrees to go with us. 他同意跟我们一起去。I want to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 我想买一本汉英词典。 (2) 不定式做宾语时须注意：A. 不定式并不是可做任何及物动词的宾语。能接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue,
4、dare, decide, desire, demand, determine, elect, expect, fail, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, know, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, pretend, prefer, refuse, require, start, try, wait, want, wish, wonder. 如：I cant afford to buy such an expensive computer. 我买不
5、起这么昂贵的电脑。He decided to work in that factory. 他决定去那家工厂工作。B. 做宾语的不定式如果带有自己的补足语，则须用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语置于补足语之后。如：Do you think it necessary to master a foreign language? 你认为掌握一门外语有必要吗？I find it interesting to stay with you. 我发觉与你呆在一起很有趣。C. 不定式一般不做介词的宾语，但可做介词but, except的宾语，并且，当but, except前面如果有动词do时，不定式的to须省略。
6、如：He said nothing except to go away. 他一话没说就走了。Now we cant do anything but wait for him. 现在我们只能等待他。三、做宾语的补足语不定式做宾语的补足语须从三个方面来掌握。(1) 动词接动词不定式做宾语的补足语时，不定式的to不能省略。这样的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, help, order, permit, persuade, require, teach, tell, want, wish
7、, warn, call on, wait for, long for。如：The teacher advised us to learn through experiment. 老师劝我们通过实验来学习。They didnt allow us to enter the hall. 他们不允许我们进入大厅。(2) 动词接动词不定式做宾语的补足语时，不定式的to须省略。这样的动词有：have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch, observe ，但它们变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。如The boss made the workers w
8、ork over ten hours a day in the past. The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss. 过去老板使工人们每天工作十多个小时。I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. Li Lei was seen to fall down from his bike. 我看见李蕾从单车上摔了下来。(3) 动词help接动词不定式做宾语的补足语时，不定式的to可省略也可不省略。如：He often comes to help us (to) do some far
9、ming work. 他经常来帮我们干农活。四、做表语(1) 不定式短语可用来做系动词的表语。如：My hope is to become a scientist like Einstein. 我的希望就是做一个像爱因斯坦那样的科学家。My job is to teach English. 我的工作就是教英语。(2) 不定式做表语时须注意两点：A. 一般说来，不定式前面的to不能省略，但当主语部分含有动词do时，to须省略。如：What I want is to visit the History Museum now. 我所想的就是现在去参观历史博物馆。What he wants to do
10、 is go swimming in that river. 他想做的事就是去河里游泳。B. 不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，表示主语的责任、义务或将来的行为；当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，不定式是表语，表示主语的内容或性质。如：We are to keep the order in the street. 我们将去街上维持秩序。(将来时) Our job is to keep the order in the street. 我们的工作是维持街上的秩序。(系表结构) 附：“be+不定式”结构的语法意义“be+不定式”是一个很有用的结构，它不仅在中学教材中经常出现，而且在高考题中也经常出
11、现。结合中学生学习和考试的实际情况，我们将该结构的用法归纳如下。（一）表示将来或预计I dont know what is to happen to us. 我不知道我们会发生什么事。I went to have a look at the room where I was to talk that afternoon. 我去看了一下地方，当天下午我要在那里讲话。It was 1491. Columbus was to reach America a year later. 那是1491年，一年后哥伦布到达了美洲。说明：当该结构中用了still或yet时，其将来意义更加突出。如：The wor
12、st is still to come. 还有最糟糕的事情要发生。The most severe weather is yet still to come. 最恶劣的天气还没有到。The best item on the programme is still to come. 最好看的节目还在后头。注意，该结构表示将来的用法是有限的，原则上，只有当表示的动作为人所控制时才可使用它来表示将来，否则就是错的。如可说 Im going to play tennis，也可说 Im to play tennis，因为其中的 play tennis是可以人为控制的。而在以下各例中，其中的动作均不能为人所限
13、制，所以going不可省略：Hes going to be fat. 他要发胖了。There is going to be a storm. 要下暴风雨了。Youre going to break that chair. 你会把那把椅子弄坏的。（二）表示计划或意图They are to be married. 他们打算结婚。We are to be married in June. 我们计划在6月结婚。说明：该结构也可用于条件状语从句。如：If Im to be there on time, I must leave at once. 如果我要想准时赶到那儿，我就必须马上动身。If we ar
14、e to succeed in this enterprise, we shall need to plan everything very carefully. 如果我们想要在这项事业上取得成功，我们就需要把一切都仔细计划好。另外，若表示过去未曾实现的想法或意图，其中的不定式则用完成式。如：We were to have gone away last week, but I was ill. 我们本打算上周走的，但是我病了。I was to have started work last week, but I changed my mind. 我本该上周开始工作的，但我改变了主意。比较：He
15、 was to go. 当时他是要去的。(至于最后去没去，不得而知) He was to have gone. 他本来是要去的。(但实际上却没有去) （三）表示责任或义务You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。I am to inform you that. 我有义务(我受人之托)通知你She is to be in class at 9 am. 她应该上午9点到课堂。（四）表示命令或规定You are not to smoke here. 此处禁止吸烟。All staff is to wear uniforms. 全体工作人员必须穿制服。Visitors
16、 are to leave when the bell rings. 来访者必须在铃响时离开。You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完了作业才能看电视。She can go to the party, but shes not to be back late. 她可以去参加聚会，但不能晚回来。No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police. 未经警务人员允许，任何人不得擅自离开这座房子。五、做定语(1) 不定式做定语时，一般放在所修饰的名
17、词、代词之后，表示即将发生的动作。如：We have much work to do. 我们有很多事情要做。I have a letter to answer. 我有一封信要回复。(2) 不定式做定语时，中心词与不定式的关系：A. 主谓关系，即：中心词是不定式的逻辑主语。如：Li Lei was the first student to come into the classroom this morning. 今天早晨李蕾是第一个进教室的学生。Liu Ying was the very girl to meet you. 刘英正是来接你的那个女孩子。B. 动宾关系，即：中心词是不定式的逻辑宾
18、语。如：Do you have anything to do now? 你现在有事情要做吗？I have some clothes to wash. 我有些衣服要洗。当不定式与所修饰的中心词有动宾关系时，不定式中的动词须为及物动词，若是不及物动词，不定式后须加上适当的介词。如：Go ahead, please. I have a friend to wait for here. 请先走吧，我还有个朋友要在这儿等。C. 说明关系，即：不定式是中心词的内容。如：I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. 我做了一个像鸟儿在天上飞的梦I have a w
19、ish to go to college. 我有一个上大学的愿望。六、做状语不定式做状语，可表示动作的目的、结果、原因、条件和方式。A. 表目的表目的时，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。如：To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 为了按时到达那儿，我们早晨五点就出发了。He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 他去那儿享受那儿的新鲜空气。比较：to do, in order to do, so as to
20、 do都可表示目的，但to do, in order to do的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而so as to do只能在句末(from )。In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday. He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order to build a house. / He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a house. 为了建房，昨天他买来了木料和钢材。B. 表结果不定式在
21、下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果，不定式的位置一般在句子末尾。(1) 表示终结性的动词find, see, hear, learn, discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的结果，并且，不定式前常有never, only等副词修饰。如：I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站时，发现火车已经开走了。I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我走到教室，结果发现教室是空的。(2) 在 “so +
22、adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。如：The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美，每年都要吸引很多人来这里。(3) 在 “adj. / adv. + enough + to do”中。如：He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快，结果赶上了李蕾。(4) 在 “so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as + to do”中。如：This is so interesting a story
23、as to interest children. 这是个很有趣的故事，使孩子们非常感兴趣。(5) 在 “such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do”中。如：She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是个非常好的姑娘，帮助你取得了很大的进步。(6) 在 “too + adj. / adv. + to do”中。如：They went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他们走得太慢了，结果没能赶上早班车。C. 表原因不定式表示原因时，一般放在句子的末尾，说明主
24、语某种心情、情感(glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited) 所产生的原因。如：Im very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party. 听说李蕾被选为了党的书记，我很高兴。D. 表条件不定式表示条件时，一般放在句首。如：To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受热，液体就会变成气体。E. 表方式不定式可接在as if / as though之后表示方式时，如：He moved his mouth as if
25、 to say something. 他的嘴唇动了动，好像要说什么事似的。七、表同位不定式可用作同位语，说明某些名词或代词task, idea, thought的内容。不定式做同位语时，在名词或代词与不定式之间常用逗号隔开。如：Suddenly I have got the idea, to hunt rabbits in the woods. 突然，我有了这个想法，去林子里去猎取野兔子。八、做独立成分To tell you the truth, I dont like it. 告诉你实话，我不喜欢它。不定式否定式的用法说明1. 不定式的否定式的构成通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之
26、前，即构成not to do 或never to do 的形式，注意not和never一定要放在不定式符号to的前面，而不是其后面：The doctor advised me not to smoke. 医生劝我不要抽烟。Its politically short-sighted not to do so. 不这样做在政治上是短视的。He strongly advised me not to do so. 他使劲劝我别这样做。Take care not to break it. 小心别把它打破了。Be careful not to break anything. 当心别打破什么了。She ha
27、d sense enough not to say anything about it. 她有足够的头脑不提此事。Father warned me never to drive after drinking. 父亲警告我不要酒后开车。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 参观的人请勿触摸展品。【注意】若不定式为完成式和被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前：She pretended not to have seen him. 她假装没看见他。It is nice not to be dependent on others. 不依靠别人是
28、好的。You were silly not to have locked your car. 你没锁车太傻了。2. so as to do sth 和in order to do sth 的否定式对于这两个结构的否定式，通常是将否定词置于不定式符号to之前，而不是置于整个结构之前或其他位置：Study hard so as not to fail the exam. 努力学习，以免考试不及格。He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来，以免把他妻子吵醒。Go in quietly so as not to wake the b
29、aby. 进去时不要出声，以免把宝宝吵醒。Take every precaution so as not to catch cold采取一切预防措施以免感冒。We keep the window shut in order not to let the flies in. 我们把窗子关着以免苍蝇进来。They hid themselves in the cave in order not to be seen by the enemy. 他们躲在洞穴里以免被敌人发现。Please reply at once in order not to lose this opportunity of a
30、lower price. 请立即回复，以免失去这次低价的机会。They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints. 他们一定戴上了手套，以防留下指纹。不定式进行式的两种用法一、表示同时表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如：He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。 He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人们认为他躲在林子里。Its nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在这儿真好。Why
31、s she so late?She cant still be working. 她怎么这么晚还不来?她不可能还在工作吧。二、表示将来正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样，不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如：He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。The old man seems to be dying. 这老人似乎要死了。不定式的完成式：(1) 表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作：He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。I bel
32、ieve it to have been a mistake. 我相信这是一个错误。You appear to have travelled quite a lot. 你似乎作过多次旅行。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给了你这么多麻烦。Its said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 据说它是明朝修建的。(2) 表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作：I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。(3) 表示过去未曾实现
33、的想法和愿望：I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早点来的。We were to have been married last year. 我们本来打算去年结婚的。不定式被动式的用法不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式，往往取决于句子的意思，即意思上为主动就用主动形式，意思上为被动就用被动形式：Did it need to be done so soon? 这事需要这么快就做吗? She cant bear to be laughed at. 她受不了被人嘲笑。There was business to be taken care of. 有生意要人管理。
34、It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正确，以后见分晓。There was a lot of rubbish to be got rid of. 有大量垃圾需要扔掉。不定式完成被动式的用法不定式的完成被动式表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作：Im pleased to have been given this opportunity. 给了我这次机会我很高兴。Its said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 据说它是明朝修建的。“疑问词+不定式”结构一、该结构的句法功能“wh-词+不定式”主
35、要用作宾语：We must think what to do. 我们必须考虑怎么办。I cant decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。He had no idea of how to do it. 他不知道如何做此事。除用作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语等：When to leave has not been decided. 何时离开还没有决定。The question is how to find him. 问题是如何找到他。二、why用于该结构的注意点原则上说，why后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带to，则可用why：Why not go there at onc
36、e? 为什么不马上去那儿呢?Why argue with her? 为什么要跟她争论呢?【注】这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去：误：Why not clean the room yesterday?正：Why didnt you clean the room yesterday? 你昨天为什么不打扫房间?三、how用于该结构的注意点有些动词后接“how+不定式”作宾语时，how可省略：Did you learn (how) to drive a car? 你学过开车吗？但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how+不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出，但却不能将how省略：
37、He knows how to play the piano. 他会弹钢琴。He showed her how to swim. 他教她游泳。Soon youll find out how to drive a car. 不久你就会学会开车的。We never discovered how to open the box. 我们一直未发现如何打开这个盒子。Can you explain how to make a cake? 你可以给我解释一下怎么做蛋糕吗？ v.+sb to do sth用法说明一、可用于该结构的常用动词通常可带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise, allow, ask,
38、 bear, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish等：He didnt allow the students to go there. 他没让学生们去那儿。He ordered the work to be start
39、ed at once. 他命令马上开始工作。He forbade me to use his car. 他不准我用他的小车。The doctor warned him not to smoke. 医生告诫他不要抽烟。My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓励我出国留学。I tried to persuade him to leave, but he wouldnt listen. 我想劝他离开，可他不听。二、容易误用于该结构的动词容易受汉语意思误用不定式作宾语补足语的动词： 汉语可说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do s
40、th。汉语可说“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说 excuse forgive sb to do sth。汉语可说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。汉语可说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth。汉语可说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest propose sb to do sth。汉语可说“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说 approve sb to do sth。汉语可说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth。汉语可说“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说 welcome sb to do st
41、h。汉语可说“坚持某人做某事”，但英语不说 insist persist sb to do sth。汉语可说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth。汉语可说“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说 arrange sb to do sth。汉语可说“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说 demand sb to do sth。汉语可说“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说 thank sb to do sth。汉语可说“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说 congratulate sb to do sth。汉语可说“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说 prevent sb to do sth。要表示以上
42、意思，可换用其他表达：汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成 excuse forgive sb for doing sth。汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb to do sth。汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成 advise sb to do sth。汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成 arrange for sb to do sth。汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成 demand of sb to do sth。汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb for doing sth。汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb on
43、 doing sth。汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成 prevent sb from doing sth。三、关于promise sb to do sth该结构中的不定式的逻辑主语不是其前的宾语sb，而是句子主语，所以严格说来，此句中的不定式不是宾语补足语，如He promised me to go. 的意思是“他答应我他去”，而不是“他答应让我去”。 谈谈不定式符号to的省略1. 一般说来，不定式前面要有小品词to，但在下列情况中，不定式前的小品词to须省略。(1) 情态动词及助动词之后一般要省略to，如：He can speak several languages. 他能说好几种语言
44、。We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。注意：在used, ought, have, be之后的不定式要带to。如：He used to come here at eight. 他过去常在八点来这里。(2) 在感官动词feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch及使让动词make后做宾语补足语的不定式前的to须省略。如：I heard them break a glass in the next door. 我听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。注意：当这些动词，除let, have没有被动
45、语态外，变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如：They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。(3) 不定式作介词besides, but, except的宾语或系动词be的表语时，而在介词besides, but, except或系动词be前有do的某种形式，不定式前的to须省略。如：We can do nothing but wait there. 我们除了在那儿等待之外，没有其它的办法。(4) 不定式在cannot but, had better / best, rather than, soo
46、ner than, would rather, would sooner, know better than等短语之后时，不定式前的to常被省略。如：I would rather watch a TV play than play cards. 我宁愿看一场电视剧，也不愿打牌。(5) 用why向第二人称you 提问，而you被省略时，动词前不能用to，从而构成Why (not) do? 如：You look tired. Why not have a good rest. 你看起来很疲倦，何不好好休息一下呢？(6) 在go hang, hear say, hear tell, let go,
47、let fly, make believe, make do 等固定搭配中，不定式前的to常被省略。如I used to hear say that he came from Canada. 我过去常听说他是加拿大人。2. 有时候，不定式前面的小品词to可有可无。如：(1) 动词help, bid, know等接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式前面的小品词to可有可无。如：He used to help us (to) practice our spoken English. 他过去常帮助我们练习英语口语。(2) 动词help, stare等接不定式作宾语时，不定式前面的小品词to可有可无。如：C
48、an you help buy a stamp for me, please? 请帮我买张邮票，好吗？(3) 动词不定式作宾语或主语用来延伸do的具体含义时，不定式前面的小品词to可有可无。如：(To) watch a football match is what I want to do this afternoon. 看足球赛就是我今天下午要做的事情。What he will do is (to) clean the rails. 他要做的事情就是打扫栅栏。(4) 连词and, or, than等连接两个并列不定式时，第二个不定式前的小品词to可有可无。如：Ill go to see hi
49、m myself and (to) ask him about it. 我将亲自去看望他并问一问那件事情。Will you go to see the film or (to) dance? 你要去看电影还是要去跳舞？接不定式和动名词含义不同的动词第一条remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词(有时可用完成式)，则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。如：Remember to meet me tonight. 记得晚上和我会面。Remember to buy some stamps, wont you? 记着买些邮票好
50、吗?I remember telling you about her. 记得曾跟你谈过她的事。I remember seeing him at his office. 我记得在他的办公室看过他。I shall never forget seeing her for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次和她见面的情景。I forgot to ask him about it. 我忘了问他这事。Weve always regretted selling the farm. 卖掉这座农场我们一直后悔。Youll regret having said these words. 说了这些
51、话你会感到遗憾的。I regret to say that your grandfather has died. 我遗憾地说你祖父过世了。I regret to tell you that your wife is i11. 我遗憾地通知你你妻子生病了。We regret to inform you that your application hasnt been successful. 我们遗憾地通知你你的申请不成功。比较：Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生)I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封
52、信。(“寄信”已发生)He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生)He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了)第二条try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如：They also try to fool other people. 他们也企图欺骗别人。We anticipated where they would try to cross. 我们预料到他们将在哪里渡河。I shall try to insure that your stay is a
53、 pleasant one. 我将设法确保你待得很愉快。She must be more reasonable, but by the same token you must try to understand her point of view. 她应当更讲道理，但同样地你也应设法了解她的观点。Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 前门如没有人答应，就敲后门试试看。第三条mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事。如：What do you mean to do
54、 with it? 你打算用它怎么样?He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。Do forgive me I didnt mean to be rude. 务请原谅，我无心对你粗鲁无礼。I mean to go there when the war is over. 我打算等战争结束后到那里去。I dont mean to praise myself；I have my faults. 我无意赞扬我自己，我有我的缺点。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。I wont wait if
55、it means delaying more than a week. 如果这意味耽误一个多礼拜我就不等。To raise wages means increasing purchasing power. 提高工资意味着增加购买力。第四条stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如：He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。When he told US the story, we just couldnt stop laughing. 他给我们讲完故
56、事后，我们不禁都笑个不停。They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。On the way to the station I stopped to buy a paper. 在去火车站的路上，我停下来买了一张报纸。【注】后接不定式时，不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语。第五条 cant help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事：He couldnt help crying when he heard the n
57、ews. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。The medicine cant help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。She sold her house. She cant help regretting it. 她卖掉了她的房子，她不禁感到惋惜。If one has talent, one cant help showing it. 一个人如有才能，他总是会有所表现的。Shes a funny girl, but yet you cant help liking her. 她是一个奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住会喜欢她。He is such a marvelo
58、us joker (that) you cant help laughing. 他是一个如此奇妙的诙谐人物，(以致) 弄得你不能不笑。第六条go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一事，接动名词表示继续做正在做的事：You oughtnt to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。We went on talking till after midnight. 我们继续谈话直到午夜以后。Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。A
59、fter approving the agenda, we went on to discuss finance. 通过了议事日程后，我们接着讨论财政问题。【注】也人认为go on doing sth中的doing是现在分词而不是动名词。不定式和动名词且含义相同的动词这类动词常见有like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)，cant bear(不能忍受)，bother(麻烦)，intend(想要)，attempt(试图)，cease(停止)等。如：He likes to sing singing.
60、 他喜欢唱歌。It has started to rain raining. 开始下雨了。You neednt bother to come up coming up. 你不必费心来了。The baby continued to cry crying all night. 这孩子哭了一整夜。【几点注意】(1) 当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时，其后只能接不定式：Id like to tell you something. 我想告诉你一些情况。Id love to have my own room / a room of my own.
61、 我喜欢有一个自己的房间。Id hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜欢一个人过圣诞节。Id prefer to go in August rather than in July. 我愿8月去，不愿7月去。(2) 当 begin, start 本身为进行时态（或ing形式）或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式：He was beginning to recover when he had another attack. 他正在开始恢复时，突然病又发作了。Your inefficiency, which w
62、e have put up with far too long, is beginning to annoy our customers. 我们对你的不称职容忍得太久，而顾客也开始对此感到不满意了。Its too late to go out now. Besides, its starting to rain. 现在出去，太晚了。况且也开始下雨了。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。He started to realize that he was wrong. 他开始意识到自己错了。课堂练习课后作业课后记本节课教学计划完成情况： 照常完成 提前完成 延后完成，原因_ 学生的接受程度： 完全能接受 部分能接受 不能接受，原因_学生的课堂表现： 很积极 比较积极 一般 不积极，原因_学生上次作业完成情况：完成数量_% 已完成部分的质量_分（5分制） 存在问题_配合需求：家长_ 学管师_备注提交时间 教研组长审批教研主任审批