1、UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点同义名词(短语)的替换一、多样表达1目标：goal target, aim 2难题：problem issue3影响：influence impact4机会：chance opportunity5困难：difficulty obstacle, barrier, challenge6老人：old people the aged, the elderly7人：people individual, person, human being8名声：fame reputation, renown, prestige9优
2、势：advantage strength, benefit, merit10缺陷：disadvantage drawback, downside, weakness11发展：development advance, progress12干旱：with no rain at all drought13身势语：body language gesture14方法：way method, approach15冒险：adventure expedition16地区：place zone, district, region, area 17垃圾：rubbish litter, trash18观点：view
3、 belief, opinion19错误：mistake error, fault20财富，财产：wealth fortune, property二、佳句观摩1It is important to have a clear goal in view.It is important to have a clear aim /target in view.心中有明确的目标是十分重要的。2I finally had the chance to meet my hero.I finally had the opportunity to meet my hero.我终于有机会见到我心目中的英雄了。3Th
4、ese problems are the result of years of bad management.These issues are the result of years of bad management.这些问题是多年经营不善造成的后果。4You can chat with other people who are online.You can chat with other individuals/ persons/human beings who are online.你可以和其他在线的人聊天。5Using the right body language helps you
5、 communicate more assertively.Using the right gesture helps you communicate more assertively.使用正确的肢体语言会帮助你更有主张地交流三、佳句仿写用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分1The advantages of this deal largely outweigh the disadvantages.The strengths/benefits/merits of this deal largely outweigh the_drawbacks/downsides/weaknesses这笔交易的利远
6、远大于弊。2Generally speaking, old people find it difficult to cope with change.Generally speaking, the_aged/the_elderly find it difficult to cope with change.一般说来，老人难以适应变化。3There are easier ways to encourage the even spread of wealth.There are easier methods/approaches to encourage the even spread of fo
7、rtune/property有一些更简单的方法可以促进财富的平均分配。 .阅读理解A语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我个人经历坚持完成赛跑Adventureseeker Emma broke her ankle when she fell awkwardly while climbing a rock and spent a week in hospital waiting for an operation on her foot.When she was sent home to recover under strict instructions not to bear any weight，s
8、he became so fearful of crutches (拐杖) that she didnt move for three weeks.“I tried crutches but I kept falling over and injuring myself.So I literally just stayed on the sofa all day，”says Emma.She was gutted at the thought of missing the Wolf Runa quarterly(季度的)event that she hasnt missed since 201
9、4.“If you complete four Wolf Runs in a year，one in each season，you can get Alpha Wolf status，” explains Emma.“This year was going to be my fifth in a row as an Alpha Wolf and I was really upset that Id lose my status.” So she was willing to try anything to get through the courseeven with her injured
10、 ankle.“I was telling my friend that I was going to cancel，but he persuaded me to give it a go.Having something to aim for really kept me going.” Emma completed the run wearing an iWALK2.0，which is a medicallyapproved device and it basically functions like a hitech artificial leg，allowing users to w
11、alk freely.“I decided to get one and it completely changed my recovery.I could move around the house and start getting out and about again，which had a real impact on my mental wellbeing.”On the day of the race，Emma was nervous but the sound of people cheering her on kept her motivated.Emma made it o
12、ver the finish line in just under six hours and clocked up (达到) her 23rd Wolf Run in six years.“ It was an incredible day and my determination to finish combined with the support I received along the way kept me going，” says Emma.文章大意：喜欢寻求冒险的Emma在攀岩时不幸折断了踝关节并做了手术，之后在家休养；但是恰逢Wolf Run比赛，一想到自己不能参加这次比赛，
13、Emma就感到很难过，因为自2014年以来她从未错过这个比赛。后来借助医疗设备iWALK2.0，又加上她自己要跑完的决心以及他人的支持，Emma最终完成了比赛。1Why was Emma frightened to use crutches?AShe was afraid of recovering slowly.BShe was warned not to move around.CShe just had an operation on her foot.DShe often got injured when using them.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I tried cr
14、utches but I kept falling over and injuring myself.”可知，Emma在使用拐杖的时候经常摔倒并弄伤自己，所以她害怕使用拐杖。故选D。2What does the underlined word “gutted” mean in Paragraph 2?AExtremely sad.BA bit relieved.CVery surprised.DPretty cheerful.解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第二段第一句中的“missing the Wolf Runa quarterly(季度的)event that she hasnt missed
15、 since 2014”以及第三句中的“I was really upset that Id lose my status”可推知，此处表示一想到自己要错过这次的Wolf Run，Emma就感到十分伤心。故选A。3What actually made Emma take part in the race?AHer new hitech artificial leg.BHer fear of letting her friend down.CHer strong desire to achieve her ambition.DHer complete recovery from the oper
16、ation.解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段最后一句和第四段尾句中的“It was an incredible day and my determination to finish combined with the support I received along the way kept me going”可推知，Emma想要完成比赛的强烈愿望促使她参加了该比赛。故选C。4Which of the following best describes Emma?AStrongwilled.BSupportive.CCreative.DHumorous.解析：A考查推理判断。根据第二段最后一句“
17、So she was willing to try anything to get through the courseeven with her injured ankle”以及第四段第二句中的“Emma made it over the finish line in just under six hours and clocked up(达到)her 23rd Wolf Run in six years.”可知，即使脚踝受伤，Emma也要设法完成比赛；而且这已经是她在六年里第23次完成这项赛事了。由此可推知，Emma是一个意志坚强的人。故选A。B语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我人生态度105
18、岁的高龄老人玩过山车I can proudly say that last year I broke the record for the oldest person in the world to ride a roller coaster.Im 105，but I feel younger.Even the doctor agrees Im in good condition.Im a bit deaf and my legs feel weak，but they are the only issue.I rode the Twistosaurus at Flamingo Land，whi
19、ch spins you round quite fast.I didnt choose to go on that.Id have preferred a really fast one that went upside down.But I was told I couldnt ride something like that，because it would affect my blood pressure and I might have some danger.I wasnt nervousI dont get frightened of anything.I was securel
20、y fastened，so I knew I wouldnt fall out.The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes，and it couldnt be a better experience.And I raised a lot of money for the Derbyshire，Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance fund，which was fantastic.People were saying Id got a place in the Guinness Wor
21、ld Records.Later，someone came to present me with the certificate.I had it on the wall in my living room，with another one I got a year earlier.My recordbreaking ways really began a couple of years ago，with the icebucket challenge.It turned out that I was probably the oldest person in the world to do
22、it，and the video was very popular.After that，I started to think about what else I could do to raise money for different charities.Im not sure if anyone admires all the fun Im having.They just say Im daft and thats about it.But Ive had many good days and many exciting times.Ive had a really good life
23、.I dont think Ive wasted any of it.文章大意：本文讲述了世界上玩过山车年龄最大的老人的经历。他已经105岁，获得了吉尼斯世界纪录证书；此外，他还参加过“冰桶挑战”，为慈善组织募捐。他认为自己没有浪费人生，过得很充实。5Why didnt the author choose to go on riding the Twistosaurus?ABecause he was told not to do so.BBecause he considered it too gentle.CBecause he thought it spun too fast.DBeca
24、use he was in a bad physical condition.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段第二、三句“I didnt choose to go on that.Id have preferred a really fast one that went upside down.”可知，作者没有选择坐Twistosaurus，是因为他想要真正的快速翻转的过山车，即他认为Twistosaurus太过平缓，故B项正确。6How did the author most probably react while riding the roller coaster?AHe really
25、enjoyed himself.BHe was very worried at first.CHe couldnt think much about it.DHe got frightened as it started moving.解析：A考查推理判断。根据第三段第三句“The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes，and it couldnt be a better experience.”可知，乘坐过山车持续三到四分钟，作者认为这是一次再好不过的经历了。据此可推知，作者在坐过山车时很享受，故A项正确。7What do
26、 you know about the author from Paragraph 4?AHe was eager to get certificates.BHe disliked showing off his success.CHe was the oldest person in the world.DHe set a record the year before last year.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“last year”和第四段的内容，尤其是尾句“I had it on the wall in my living room，with another one I go
27、t a year earlier.”可知，去年作者把这张吉尼斯世界纪录证书挂在客厅的墙上，还有一张是一年前挂的。据此可知，作者在前年也创造了一项纪录。8Which word can best describe the author?ACooperative.BOptimistic.CGenerous.DIntelligent.解析：B考查推理判断。根据尾段最后三句“But Ive had many good days and many exciting times.Ive had a really good life.I dont think Ive wasted any of it.”并结合
28、文章描述的作者105岁还创造吉尼斯世界纪录可知，作者认为自己有过许多美好的日子和许多激动人心的时刻，他过得很好，没有浪费人生；据此可推知，作者是一个乐观的人，故B项正确。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会公益事业如何成为积极分子(2021辽宁省五校协作体联考)How to Become an ActivistActivists are people who see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it.1._ If you are interested in it，you can do so
29、.2_ This could be anything from a student club to a national organization.Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement，so you can do whatever you feel most comfortable with，whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little money when you can.Volu
30、nteer your time.One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time.Reach out to organizations in your community that do work for your cause，and ask how you can help.Donate money or supplies.3._ If you cant afford to donate money to an organization that supports your cause，you may be
31、 able to donate other things they need，like clothing or canned food.Draw the family and friends in.Tell your family and friends about your cause，and invite them to get involved.If they are interested，share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned.4._Promote your c
32、ause on social media.You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about the cause you support.5._ Also，you can invite your friends to attend events or donate money to fundraisers (募集资金者) for your cause.ATake classes on issues related to your cause.BJoin an organization t
33、hat supports your cause.CThey are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.DIf you do volunteer work，invite them to volunteer with you.EMost activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.FPost useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.GIf y
34、ou cant get in touch with them in person，then try connecting people online.文章大意：积极分子是指那些看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么的人。本篇文章就如何成为积极分子而去从事公益事业提供了一些建议。1解析：C前一句提到“see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it”(看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么)，由此可推知，空处应是进一步阐述积极分子这样做的原因，故C项“他们被激情和对更美好的未来的憧憬所驱使”与此处匹配。2解析
35、：B根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，该空为本段的主题句。根据本段中的“from a student club to a national organization”和“Most activist organizations”可知，本段的主题是关于加入某个组织的。故选B。3解析：E前句提到“Donate money or supplies”(捐赠金钱或物资)，由此可推知，空处应是说明这样做的原因，故E项“大多数积极分子或慈善组织需要资源来开展工作”符合语境。4解析：D本段的主题句为“Draw the family and friends in”(让家人和朋友参与进来)，空前一句是说如果他们感兴趣
36、，向他们分享有关你的事业的宣传资料或仅仅告诉他们你学到的东西，空处应是进一步说明你让朋友和家人参与的具体做法，故D项符合语境，且句式结构与前一句相同。5解析：F本段的主题句为“Promote your cause on social media”，该段也提到了利用“social media”，这与F项“发布有用的文章，写下你正在做什么来保持参与”密切联系，故选F。.语法填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我个人经历放弃是为了美好的将来(2021广东省调研考试)About six years ago I began my job as an IT consultant(顾问).I had alway
37、s been quite good with computers.It was a great move for me, as I quickly learned a ton.Every day was fun.It was one of the best and most challenging jobs 1._ I had ever had.When 2._ (think) of a few years ahead, I realized that things started to taper(逐渐变窄).I wasnt learning as much as before.I felt
38、 a desire to try something different.But I couldnt get the courage to make any moves.I 3._ (pay) very well; I had a lot of freedom, and great benefits.I had grown comfortable and I had been 4._ (accustom) to an easy life.Last year things came to a head(达到紧急关头).I was having a 5._ (particular) stressf
39、ul month, 6._ (overload) with work that was neither challenging nor interesting.I had enough.I 7._ (reach) out to my boss and let him know about my idea.We had a meeting about my personal 8._ (decide).He didnt want to lose me.He addressed my concerns and we agreed that I could change my job and begi
40、n working on some new internal (内部的) organizational systems.I decided to give this new role a chance.Now, a year after my role changed, not much is different.Senior staff did not adopt 9._ new systems I built.The work is still uninspiring and unchallenging.Change can be very difficult for some and a
41、fter spending time trying to carry out new solutions, Ive realized that you simply cant change other people if they dont want it.Ive again quit my job.I need a greater challenge.Ive learned a lot 10._my quitting experience.文章大意：本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的经历说明了放弃是为了美好的将来。1解析：that考查定语从句。句意：这是我做过的最好、最具挑战性的工作之一。“_ I
42、 had ever had”是定语从句，先行词jobs被最高级修饰，连接词只能用that，故填that。2解析：thinking考查现在分词。句意：当我想到未来几年，我意识到事情开始减少。前半句没有主语，前后句无连接词，所以此处think是非谓语动词，think的逻辑主语是“I”，两者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词表示主动。故填thinking。3解析：was paid考查时态和语态。句意：我的薪水很高，我得到了很多自由，也得到了很多好处。根据后面的had，可知这里用一般过去时态。本句的主语是I，谓语动词是pay，主谓之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was paid。4解析：ac
43、customed考查形容词。句意：我过得很舒服，习惯了安逸的生活。be accustomed to表示“习惯于”，此处填形容词做表语。故填accustomed。5解析：particularly考查副词。句意：这个月我压力特别大，超负荷的工作既无挑战性也无趣。此处用副词修饰形容词stressful。故填particularly。6解析：overloaded考查过去分词。句意：这个月我压力特别大，超负荷的工作既无挑战性也无趣。此处两句中无连词连接，所以overload是非谓语动词，overload和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动，be overloaded with work表示工
44、作过重，故填overloaded。7解析：reached考查时态。句意：我联系了我的老板，让他知道了我的想法。根据前文的Last year，可知这里在描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填reached。8解析：decision考查名词。句意：我们就我个人的决定开了个会。空前是形容词personal，此处需要填名词，前文出现了my，所以是我的一个决定，需要用单数形式。故填decision。9解析：the考查冠词。句意：高级职员没有采用我建立的新系统。根据I built可知这里是特指我建立的系统，所以用定冠词the。故填the。10解析：from考查介词。句意：我从辞职的经历中学到了很多。learn sth. from表示“从学习”，是固定搭配。故填from。