1、考点16 非谓语动词（三） 高考频度：考向六 非谓语动词作宾补1只能跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, prefer, remind, reqire, teach , tell, want, wish, call on, 等 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多肉。 注意： 1 think, consider, believe suppose, feel, f
2、ind, imagine, prove, appoint, jugde等后常用“to be 作宾补/主补。People considered him to be a great leader. 人们认为他是一位伟大的领袖。2. fear, excuse/forgive, refuse, punish, suggest/propose, agree/aprove,inform, welcome,accompany,blame, insist/persist, hope, arrange, demand, thank, congratulate, prevent 等后不能使用不定式作宾补。2感官动
3、词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。3使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的情况The teacher raised his voice i
4、n order to make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。 He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。易混辨析(1)现在分词作补足语 由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部
5、分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。 I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) I found the topic being discussed everywhere then. 那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者) Are you listening to them quarrelling？ 你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) His remarks set me thinking. 他
6、的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者) The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)(2)不定式作补语不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？ I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait for，long for，vote for
7、等。 You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。 We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接to be形容词(名词或反身代词)结构。 Hes thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.
8、想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。1. （2020新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】 decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。2.(2020山东新高考语法填空) As well as
9、 looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk)through a rainforest.【答案】 walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象
10、某人做某事”。故填walking。考向七省to 的动词不定式一、使役动词后省略to的情况在let, make, have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如：My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。I dont like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶，可是母亲强迫我喝。注意： 1. 当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to(主要是指make，let和have很少用于被动语态)。2. force, oblige等虽然也表示2. force, obl
11、ige使，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如：He forced me to go with them. 他迫使我同他们一起去。The police obliged him to leave. 警方强迫他离开。二、感官动词后省略to的情况在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如：I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这个女人进了一家银行。We often hear her sing this song. 我们经常听到她唱这首歌。 Did you notice her
12、leave the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗?注意：1. 这里所说的感觉动词主要包括see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等。但是它们用于被动语态时，其后的不定式必须带to。但是，用于以上句型的动词notice 和watch和通常不用于被动语态。2. 类似地，动词look at和listen to后用作宾语补足语的不定式也不带to。3. 若动词feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为 to be，则要带 to(其他情况不带 to)。4. 若不定式为完成式，通常应带 to。三、动词help后省略to的情况在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可
13、以不带to。如：Can I help (to) carry this heavy box? 我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗？Mother helped me (to) do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做作业。注意：1. 当 help 之后接一个较长的名词词组作宾语或当其中的不定式所表示的动作主语不直接参加时，不定式通常带to。如：Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 请帮大厅后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出去。These tablets will help you to sleep. 这些药片将对
14、你的睡眠有帮助。2. 在当help用于被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如：The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那男孩由一个妇女帮他捡拾散乱一地的钱币。四、why (not)后省略to的情况在why (not)?之后的不定式不能带to。如：Why go with him? 为什么要同他一起去？Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不去问问老师？Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?五、介词except
15、 / but后省略to的情况用作介词except, but宾语的不定式有时带to，有时不带to。其大致原则是：若其前出现了动词 do，其后的不定式通常不带 to；若其前没有出现动词 do，则其后的不定式通常带 to。如：I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。It had no effect except to make him angry. It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。She
16、 can do everything except cook. 除了做饭之外她什么都会。六、主语带do表语省略to的情况当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你现在要做的只是把这张表填好。The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。What Ill do is 我要做的就是告诉她真相。七、并列不定式省略to的情况当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式前用to，其余不定式前的to可以省略。如：He told
17、 me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那儿等他。Im really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知该怎么想怎么说。It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易，强迫人难。但是，如果两者有对比关系，则后面不定式前的to不可省略。如：To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败总比不尝试好。八、省略不定式是否保留to在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定
18、式符号to。如：I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。 Dont be late. Ill try not to. 不要来晚了。我尽量不来晚。Dont go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。注意：1. 若被省略的不定式为to be短语，则通常应保留to be。如：He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。2. 有时省略不定式时，同时也可省略to。如：She may go if she likes (to). 她想去就可以去。They knew her very well. They had
19、seen her _（grow）up from childhood.【参考答案】grow 【答案解析】 see后接省去to的不定式傲宾语补足语。此类动词主要有感观动词和使役动词see, watch, notice, observe, took at, find, feel, listen to, have, make, let 等。题组一 基础过关下列各句均有一处错误，请标出并改正。1. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.2.1 showed them I was indep
20、endent by wear strange clothes.3. Absorbing in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.4. Having working for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.5. Then another teacher read n few letters to students writing by parents.6. There was a short, fat gentleman followed her. 7.
21、 Have classes in such a beautiful environment, we feel very happy,8. Because we had not eaten ice cream for a long time, we got very exciting.9. please contact me if you have any difficulty find the book.10. I might have to retire again just get some more of these biscuits.题组二 能力提升 在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内
22、单词的正确形式。1. Inside, though, the place was practically empty there was just one couple, _(sit) at a table near the window.2. In these cases, club members have to work hard to organize fund-raisers and collect money to keep their sports _(go).3. _ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond
23、 quickly to emergencies.4. Without anyone _(notice), I stole into the room.5. All of us are looking forward to _ (live) in a harmonious society.6. Before leaving, we spent half an hour _(play) with the students there.7. It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.8.
24、A 13-year study of early childhood development made by Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three most children have the big potential _(understand) about 100 words,9. As a result, he did very well in the exam, _ (rank) first in his class,10. In fact, I had heard nothing, possibly becaus
25、e of the noise I made while _(slide) down the11. _(take)according to the instructions, the medicine will work for your headache.12. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely _( bring) your work home.13. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find som
26、ething _(eat)!14. A sudden stop can be a very _(frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at highspeed.15 _(make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.题组三 体验真题 1.（2020新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red enve
27、lopes and messages of good fortune.2.(2020山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk)through a rainforest.3.【2018天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photo
28、graphs_.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take题组一 基础过关1. feltfeel句意:教室 所处的位置及我所看到的风景使我感觉像在做梦，此处考查make sb do sth.使役动词make后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。2.wearwearing句意:我通过穿奇装异服向他们展示我的独立。此处考查动名词作介词的宾语，by doing sth为固定表达,表示“通过某种方式”3. Absorbing Absorbed句意: 沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed inpainting相当于原因状语从句
29、Because he was absorbed inpainting的省略。4. working worked句意: 工作 了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。考查非谓语动词。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主谓关系,n故要用现在分词,n同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前,故要用完成时形式。5. writing written句意: 然后另一位老师给学生们读了一些家长写的信。这里考查的是非谓语动词作后置定语修饰前面的名词，修饰的名词letters, students表对象，letter与write之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词written.6. fol
30、lowed following句意:一个矮胖的男士跟在她后面。这里gentleman与follow是主谓关系,故用following.7. Have Having句意:在如此美丽的环境中上课，我们觉得很高兴。此处考查动名词作主语。8. exciting excited句 意:因为我们很长时间没吃冰淇淋了，我们感到非常兴奋。exciting 令人兴奋的;excited感到兴奋的。9. find finding.句意 :如果你找书有任何困难请联系我。Have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难，故将find 改为finding.。10. just后加to句意: 为了得
31、到更多的饼干，我可能要再退休一次。此处考查不定式作目的状语。题组二 能力提升 1.siting 句意: 然而，室内实际上很空荡，只有一对夫妇坐在窗子边的桌子，描述前面one couple所发生的动作行为用动词的现在分词。2.going句意: 这些情况下，俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金保证运动会的进行。keep doing 一直.。3. Knowing句意:掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。此处考查动名词作主语,故Knowing.4. noticing句意:没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋。 此处without为介词，故后面接动名词作宾语。5.living 句意:
32、我们都盼望生活在一个和谐的社会。此处短语look forward to中的to为介词,故接动名词作宾语。6. playing句意:在离开之前我们花了半个小时的时间和那儿的学生们一起玩。 Spend.(in) doing sth.“花费.做某事。7. to reduce 句意:为减少工业污染，净化水源耗费了几年的努力。此处考查句型It takes+时间段十to do sth. it为形式主语，指代后面的不定式。8. to understand句意 ;哈佛大学为期13年对儿童早期发展的研究表明：到3岁时,大多数孩子有很大潜力能弄懂大约1000个单词。名词potential后需用不定式作定语。9.
33、ranking 句意:因此，他这次考试考得非常好。在班级排第一名。此处考查现在分词作伴随状语。0. sliding 句意:事实上,我没听到任何声音，也许是因为我从岩石上滑下来时发出的声音。主语I与slide之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故需v. -ing形式作状语,故答案为sliding。11.Taken 句意:按说明吃药.这药会对你的头理有效。take 与主语the medicine之问为逻辑上的动宾关系、故答案为taken。12. to bring 句意:如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。13.to ea
34、t 句意: 她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。14. frightening句意:突然停止会是一 次可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。被修饰词是表示物的experience, 所以be动词后面用动词的-ing形式作定语。15. To make句意:为了 与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知, 本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式。题组三 体验真题 1.【答案】 decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的
35、orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。2.【答案】 walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。3.【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
