1、专题13 特殊句式一、 特殊句式概览(一) 倒装倒装分两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称为全部倒装；有时候只将部分谓语（如助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前，称为部分倒装。1 部分倒装概览部分倒装的句子结构：助动词/情态动词/be+主语+（主要动词） (1)含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., not only . but also .
2、, not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.Not sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain.Not only am I interesed in photography, but I took a course at university, so its actually of special interest to me. (2)
3、“only状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.Only in this way can we solve this problem.Only then did he realize that he has made a mistake. (3)so/such . that . 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。Such great progress did he mak
4、e that he was praised.So louldly did she shout that everyone in the distance could hear her. (4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.Neither could we get rid of the smell of fish. (5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句
5、的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Strange as it may sound, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires. (6)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe too.Were I you, I w
6、ould take her advice.Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home (7)“may动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed.2 全部倒装概览全部倒装句子结构：谓语+主语1. 以引导词there开头的倒装句1there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in our country since then. There must be a mistake somewhere
7、.2there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替换。There seems to be an announcement about the project.There happened to be a man walking by.3there be结构的常用句式There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。There is no doubt about ./th
8、at . 毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做)某事(没)有困难/麻烦。There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that .(做)某事(没)有可能性。This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use me
9、mory is changing.2. 以方位副词或介词短语开头的倒装句here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, below, inside, outside, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.South of the river lies a small factory.3. 有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将
10、作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.Seated on the grass are a group of young students.高考分析（二）强调句型 强调句型是高考经常考到的语法项目。主要考点：1.it；2.that；3.notuntil结构。做题时要特别注意：被强调部分为状语从句或含有定语从句时，一定要分析句子，看清楚缺少的成分。(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可
11、对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 特别注意强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. (2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分
12、？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 特别注意由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesnt know who it was that saved her son. (4)not . until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until . that句子其他部分。It was not unti
13、l then that I realized the importance of health.直到那时我才意识到了健康的重要性。2强调谓语动词It is/was .who/that .结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.（三）省略为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略居中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。被省略的部分例句主语(I) Beg your pardon.(It) Soun
14、ds like a good idea.谓语或谓语的一部分(Is there) Anything I can do for you?(Is) Anybody here?宾语A: Where has Mr Smith gone?B:Sorry, I dont know (where he has gone)主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分(Are you) Hungry?(I want) Orange juice, please.不定式to后省略动词A: Would you like to come to the party?B: Id love to(come to the party.)一、
15、 简单句中的省略1. 陈述句中的省略（1） 情景省略根据说话的情景省略某些词语，这种情况在日常交际用语中大量存在。 (There is) No problem.(Do you) Mind if I sit down?（2） 应答语省略在应答语中，常可根据问句内容省略某些词语。Diane: Oh really? So have I. Which language you studying?Rob:(I am studying) Chinese.（3） 结构省略根据惯常语法结构省略某些词语。Ive lived here (for) ten years.Two weeks (from) now is
16、 New Years Day.Today I met her at the tailors (shop).2. 疑问句中的省略在疑问句中有时根据语境可以省略主语、谓语、主语+助动词/be、主语+谓语等。(Have you) Been here before?(I beg your) Pardon? 3. 祈使句中的省略（Be）Quick!(Wait) Just a moment!(Pay) attention, please!4. 感叹句中的省略 （Thats）excellent!What a lovely autumn day (it is)!How amazing (it is) !二、并
17、列句中的省略 在并列句中，后面分句中与前面分句相同的部分，常可省略，以避免重复。1. 省略谓语动词They learn French and we (learn) Enlgish.John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second.2. 省略宾语My father planned (all these houses) and they built all these houses.3. 省略“主语+系动词”Coral is not a plant but (coral is) a variety of animal life.4. 省略“主语+
18、谓语动词”She tried to persuade her husband to give up smoking, but (she tried) in vain.5. 省略“系动词+表语”John was the winner in 2005, but Bob (was the winner) in 2006.6. 省略“谓语动词+宾语”I will buy a new car, and he will (buy a new car) too.7. 省略“主语+谓语+宾语” South Korea has increased trade with China and (it has inc
19、reased trade) with other East-Asian countries too.三、 复合句中的省略1. 宾语从句中的省略（1） 在which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句中，常可省略与主句相同的部分，仅保留一个连接词。She cant come, but I dont know why (she cant come).She will go to Paris, but I dont know when ( she will go to Paris).(2)在对话中，答语有时是一个包含宾语从句的句子，但常常省略。-Will it rain tonigh
20、t?-I hope (it will) not (rain tonight).-Is Mr King in his office?-Sorry, I donk know (whether he is in his office or not).(3) 在两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句中，引导第一个宾语从句的连接词that可以省略，其余的则不可省略。The girl told him (that ) they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.(4) 在某些形容词或过去分词（如
21、sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied）后所接的宾语从句中，连词that可省略。My parents were very pleased (that) I had passed the exam.2. 定语从句的省略定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词；在非正式文体中，也可省略关系副词when和why；关系代词as后面的主谓成分或助动词be也可省略。She is the one (whom) we say the other day.Her work changed the way (that) peop
22、le think about chimps.She gave the same answer as (she had given) before.3状语从句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，状语从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from
23、 the 1950s.4动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.5so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe等开
24、头的答句中。Do you think it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？I hope so/not.我希望下/不下。6常用的if相关的省略结构if ever如果曾经发生过的话if busy 如果忙的话if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话if so 如果这样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话特殊句式练习题单句语法填空1(2018天津高考改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger se
25、at. 2(2017天津高考改编)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.3(2016天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.4(2018北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply_ (press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the he
26、lp you need. 5(2017江苏高考改编)_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.6(2016江苏高考改编)Not until recently _(do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.答案1.解析：that句意：直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此处是强调句型“It is(was)
27、被强调部分that其余部分”，本句强调的是时间状语从句。2.解析：that句意：正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。此处为强调句型its .that .，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。3.解析：that句意：你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。去掉it is和空格处后是一个完整的句子，因此本句是一个强调句，填that。4.解析：press句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。此题为“祈使句and陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形。5.解析：Were句意：如果没有老师的支持，这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句，if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。6.解析：did句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装，此处指过去所发生的动作，应使用一般过去时。