1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1punctuation n 标点符号2nationwide adv. 全国性地3trend n. 趋势，倾向4theory n. 理论，学说5enlarge vt. 扩大6theft n. 偷窃7relative n. 亲戚，亲属8tight adj. 绷紧的9transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的10outline vt. 勾出轮廓11certificate n. 证书；证明12diploma n. 毕业证书13candidate n. 候选人14amateur adj. 业余的15sincerely adv. 真诚地16
2、purchase vt. 购买.核心词汇写其形1thankful adj. 为感到高兴的；感谢的2fold v. 折叠；交叉3decade n. 十年4ensure vt. 确保，保证5attain vt. 达到；获得6accelerate vi.& vt. 加速7guarantee vt. 保证8resemble vt. 像；与相似9target n. 目标10unconscious adj. 无意的；不知不觉的11merely adv. 只；仅仅12competence n. 能力13register vt. 登记14punctual adj. 准时的，守时的.拓展词汇通其变1fluenc
3、y n流利度，流畅度fluent adj.流利的，流畅的fluently adv.流利地2accuracy n精确度，准确度accurate adj.精确的，准确的accurately adv.精确地3absence n缺乏；缺席absent adj.缺席的，不在场的4surround vt.环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境5adequate adj.足够的，充分的adequately adv.足够地；充分地6adjust vt.调节；调整adjustable adj.可调整的adjustment n调节；调整7inform vt.告知，通知in
4、formation n信息8announcement n通告；宣告announce v通知；告知9congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n祝贺，贺喜10negotiate vt.协商；谈判negotiation n谈判；协商11offence n冒犯；得罪offend v冒犯12approval n赞成；赞许；批准approve vt.赞成approving adj.同意的；赞成的13applicant n申请人apply v申请application n申请14embarrass vt.使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的embarras
5、sed adj.感到窘迫的embarrassment n窘迫，难堪1.想要一份工作需要什么？certificate证书；证明competence 能力diploma 毕业证书resume 简历application 申请书interview 面试punctual 准时的；守时的2.前缀“en”/后缀“en”动词知多少enrich使充实enable 使能够enlarge 扩大ensure 确保，担保endanger 使遭遇危险widen 加宽broaden 扩大3.与“购物”相关的名词一览discount折扣customer 顾客consumer 消费者purchase 购买bargain 便宜
6、货cashier 出纳员refund 退款(二)重点短语记牢用活1team_up合作2stand_out 出色；突出3get_ahead 取得成功；获得进步4rely_on 依靠；依赖5take_the_form_of 采取形式6adjust.to. 调整以适应7inform_sb.of_sth. 通知某人某事8consist_of_ 由组成，构成9catch_on 学会，受欢迎10for_ages 很久，很长时间11congratulate_sb.on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺12on_purpose 故意地13regardless_of 不管；不顾14on_the_other_hand
7、另一方面15I_bet 我肯定16more_than 不仅仅，超过1.“devote.to(介词)”朋友圈adapt.to.使适应；使配合adjust.to. 调节以适应addict.to. 使对上瘾apply.to. 把应用于prefer.to. 喜欢胜过2.“不管；不顾”词语一览in spite of尽管；不管despite 尽管；不管regardless of 不管；不顾no matter 不管，无论leave alone 不管；不理3.“偶然地”和“故意地”短语集锦by accident偶然地by chance 偶然地by design 故意地on purpose 故意地(三)重点句式
8、背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：It is predicted that.据预测It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在十八世纪的时候，人们就预测有一天英语会成为全球语言。在过去的几十年，事实证明确实如此。句型2：whether.or.无论是还是，不管是还是Quality input ensures quality output，whet
9、her it is speaking or writing.无论是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。句型3：while表示对比，意为“而，却”Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.欢呼雀跃的人很容易被看到，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑的(人)则更容易被忽略。句型4：provided that引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，倘若”Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay
10、 in advance.第三，你们说如果我预付货款就有折扣。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1I think it may take some time before we can have an accurate(准确的) assessment of the damage.2A number of recent studies indicate that happiness is more easily attained(获得) after middle age.3(2017江苏卷)This complete but brief historical collection
11、 is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed(保证) to present even the biggest history lover with something new!4We just naturally think that the future will resemble(与相似) the past.5Dont be so serious. I merely(仅仅) played a joke on you.6It is a beautiful city, surrounded(surround) by
12、 mountains and the Pacific Ocean.7(2017全国卷)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent(absence). I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.8We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations(congratulate) to him.9The firm wants to avoid any emb
13、arrassing(embarrass) questions about its finance.10(2019全国卷)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1Im not convinced about the accuracy of the weather report. That is, I think it is not accurate,_
14、for its impossible to predict the weather accurately(accurate)2She could speak fluent English.When we heard her speak English so fluently，we were amazed at her fluency in English.(fluent)3Tom had hoped to meet with the managers approval and from the managers approving nod, he knew that his plan was
15、approved(approve)4To our embarrassment,_all of us had no money to pay the bill.In that embarrassing situation，all of us were very embarrassed(embarrass)5The children are good at adjustingAs for the chairs, they are adjustable and you can make some adjustments to them.(adjust).选词成篇catch on; provided
16、that; for ages; consist of; differ from; get ahead; keep in mind; keep sb. informed ofTo 1.get_ahead in English, Li Hua has been working very hard to 2.catch_on her lessons 3.for_ages. Several days ago, she joined the English Corner 4.consisting_of twenty students.She 5.differs_from other students i
17、n some aspects. For example, she often 6.keeps_in_mind what she has learned and tries her best to 7.keep_herself_informed_of the latest learning methods 8.provided_that she has the opportunity.on the one hand; stand out; adjust oneself to; on the other hand; congratulate sb. on; in the absence ofTo
18、9.stand_out in his class and make progress, John worked very hard. And to achieve his goal, he 10.adjusted_himself quickly to the new surroundings, learning the latest news.In addition, he attended English evening classes, but soon he was aware that it was hard to learn it well 11.in_the_absence_of
19、the native language environment. So to ensure that he could achieve his goal, 12.on_the_one_hand,_he talked with his foreign teacher as much as possible at school, and 13.on_the_other_hand,_he listened to BBC news reports and watched English programmes.At last, his hard work paid off and all of his
20、friends 14.congratulated_him_on his progress.完成句子1预计随着战争的继续，会有更多人失业。 It_is_predicted_that more jobs will be lost with the war going on.2无论好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。I have decided to take the job offer, whether_it_is_good_or_bad3我去游泳，而其他的人都打网球去了。I went swimming while the others played tennis.4只要情况允许，我们下周将举行会议
21、。Provided_that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week. absencen缺席，不在；缺乏，不存在基础练习单句语法填空I shall be in charge in the absence of the manager.During his absence from Guangzhou his coworkers did a lot of work.The accident resulted from his absence of mind during driving.能力提升一句多译在我很长时间没有上
22、学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my_long_absence_from_school(absence)My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I_had_been_absent_from_school_for_a_long_time(absent)(1)absence from school/work缺课/缺勤absence of mind 心不在焉的in the absence of
23、(人)不在，缺席； (物)不存在，缺少in ones absence 在某人不在时， 在某人缺席时(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的be absent from 缺席；不在佳句背诵 It was his absence of mind during driving that nearly caused a serious accident.就是他开车时的心不在焉才差点导致一起严重事故。 surroundvt.围绕；环绕基础练习单句语法填空a.(2019江苏卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) b
24、y his family.b(2018天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “cant do” attitudes.c(福建卷)Surrounding(surround) yourself with people wholl provide you with respect support can be very beneficial. a.(2018天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?
25、bStanding on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)The tall building in the distance is home to my fathers company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.(高级表达)The tall building which_is_surrounded_by_a_great_many_big_tr
26、ees_in_the_distance is home to my fathers company.(定语从句) (1)surround sb./sth.with/by.使某人/某物被包围(2)surrounding adj. 周围的surroundings n. 环境 (通常用复数形式) 佳句背诵 Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls.从远处的山上看，你会发现平遥市仍被古城墙围绕着。名师点津(1)surr
27、oundings专指自然环境；(2)environment可指自然环境也可指精神环境，常用单数形式。词块助记some issues surrounding alcohol abuse有关酗酒的一些问题the surrounding scenery 四周的风景 guaranteevt.保证；担保n保证；保修；担保；抵押品基础练习单句语法填空a.I guarantee to_pay(pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.bWe should pay attention to small details, which can guaran
28、tee us to_succeed(succeed) in the end.The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.能力提升一句多译抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。Take this opportunity, and I guarantee_that_you_wont_regret_it(guarantee v)Take this opportunity, and I give_you_a_guarantee_that_you_wont_regret_it
29、(guarantee n)(1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth.to sb.向某人保证某事guarantee to do/that. 保证做；确保(2)under guarantee 在保修期内give sb. a guarantee (that). 向某人保证 佳句背诵 Not only is working hard a guarantee of success, but it is also among the essential requirements.努力工作不仅是成功的保证，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。The car is still unde
30、r guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.这辆汽车还在保修期内，所以你应该可以免费修理。 adjustv调节，调整；校准；使适应基础练习单句语法填空This kind of desk can be_adjusted(adjust) to the height you need. Besides, its not expensive at all.I was wondering whether she could adjust to living(live) in the mountainous vi
31、llage alone.(江苏卷)Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)Mikes mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, and that made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to(让他很难适应) the firstyear college life.(高级表达)Mikes mo
32、ther did almost everything for him when he was in high school, making_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to_the_firstyear_college_life(现在分词作状语) (1)adjust.to.调整以适应adjust (oneself) to. (使自己)适应(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节make an adjustment to 对进行调整 佳句背诵 I think that you will quickly adjust (yourself) to them tho
33、ugh the weather and the food are different from yours.虽然天气、食物与你那儿的有所不同，但我相信你会很快适应的。名师点津 adjust to.和adjust.to.中的to都是介词，其后需接名词或动名词。 informvt.告知；通知基础练习单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Now，I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programmes
34、progress.He threatened to_inform(inform) the government of his illegal activities.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)Im more than delighted to tell you the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.(2018全国卷)(高级表达)Im more than delighted to inform_you_of the good news that a short Englis
35、h film will be shown this weekend in our school.(1)inform sb. of sth. 告诉/通知某人某事inform sb. that/when/how. 通知某人keep sb. informed (of.) 使某人随时了解()(2)information n. U通知；消息；情报；信息佳句背诵 Im Li Hua, the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the Natio
36、nal League. 我是李华，是我们学校排球队的队长。我写信是想通知你我们队要参加全国联赛。(2019全国卷) congratulatevt.祝贺；庆贺基础练习单句语法填空 (2019天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to_congratulate(congratulate) him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your qualification for this World Cup Football Champio
37、nship!能力提升一句多译我祝贺你在“汉语桥”汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。I would like to _express_my_congratulations_to_you_on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest.(congratulation n)I would like to congratulate_you_on_ your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest. (congratu
38、late vt.)(1)congratulate sb. on祝贺某人某事/做某事(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事佳句背诵 Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得了很大的进步。(2017全国卷)名师点津 congratulation在用作名词时常常要用复数形式。 resemblevt.像；与相似基础练习单句语法填空She resembles her sister in appearan
39、ce but not in character.The animals make a strange sound, resembling(resemble) the bark of a dog.能力提升一句多译电影里发生的事和现实生活几乎没有相似之处。What happens in the film is_hardly_similar_to what actually happened.(similar)What happens in the film bears_little_resemblance_to what actually happened.(resemblance)(1)rese
40、mble sb./sth.(in).(在方面)与某人/某物相似(2)resemblance n. 相似bear a resemblance to(be similar to.) 与相似 佳句背诵 From afar, the reed houses resemble the rice dumplings we have at Dragon Boat Festival.芦苇屋远看像极了我们端午节吃的粽子。 get ahead取得进步；获得成功；领先能力提升完成句子对我来讲，此时最重要的是在工作上获得成功。Getting_ahead_at_work is the most important th
41、ing to me at the moment.现在我们必须忘掉所有不愉快的事并且展望未来。We have to forget all the sad things now and look_ahead(全国卷)他虽然受了伤，但是没有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead_of_meget ahead of超过；胜过go ahead 前进；干吧；说吧go ahead with 开始look ahead 向前看ahead of 在之前；胜过，超过 佳句背诵 He was talking about the way to
42、get ahead in business.他正在谈如何成功地拓展业务。 take the/a form of以的形式出现(存在)基础练习单句语法填空I saw Mike last nighthe was in good form，which made me relieved.In other words, help in the form of money will be very welcome.(广东卷)Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.Yo
43、u need to fill in/out a form if you want to apply for this position.能力提升完成句子(重庆卷)自从那时，我已养成了与朋友定期打篮球的习惯，这有助于我们变得更强大、 更自信。 Since then, I_have_formed_the_habit_of_playing_basketball with my friends regularly, which helps us to grow stronger and become more confident.(1)form the habit of doing sth.get i
44、nto/fall into the habit of doing sth.养成做某事的习惯(2)in the form of 以的形式； 呈现的形式in form 竞技状态佳的out of form 竞技状态不佳的 fill in/out a form 填表 佳句背诵 Usually these favors take the form of an introduction, reference, feedback, or broadcast on social media.通常情况下，这些人情的表现形式是相互介绍、做出担保、给予反馈或者在社交媒体上传播信息。 catch on学会；受欢迎；流
45、行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受一词多义写出下列句中catch on的含义He invented a new game，but it never really caught on.流行起来He is very quick to catch on to things.理解I think this novel will catch on well after it comes out.受欢迎If only this idea could catch on，we should be able to make much money out of it.被接受基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错It is
46、a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly. John ran too fast for me to catch up with him.The girl dressed in white was once caught steal from the supermarket. stealstealingHe was walking in the street when he caught the sight of a bird in the tree. 删除第二个thecatch hold of抓住catch up (with) 赶上cat
47、ch sb.doing sth. 撞见某人做某事catch sight of 看见 佳句背诵 Mothers catch on to what their children think about.妈妈们最理解她们的孩子们在想什么。Keep an eye out for the beautiful, observe the unusual, and catch sight of the surprising.留意周围不经意的美丽，观察那些不同寻常的事物，捕捉那令人惊艳的一瞥。名师点津 “v.on”的相关短语还有：agree on, carry on, come on, depend on, f
48、ocus on等。 on the other hand另一方面；反过来说基础练习单句语法填空To improve your English, firstly, you should listen more；secondly(second), you should read more；last but not least, you should put what you have learned into use.They didnt buy the car. For one thing, they didnt like its color; for another,_it was too ex
49、pensive. 能力提升完成句子(2018浙江卷6月)一方面，我精通英语；另一方面我有陪伴外国朋友的经验。On_the_one_hand,_I have a good command of spoken English；on_the_other_hand I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.一方面，我对那部电影没有兴趣；另一方面，我没有时间。For_one_thing,_I dont have any interest in that movie; for_another,_I have no time.表示列举的表达
50、方式：(1)on (the) one hand .; on the other hand .一方面；另一方面(2)for one thing .; for another (thing) . 首先/一则；其次/二则(3)first(ly) .; second(ly) . 第一；第二 名师点津 (1)on the one hand.; on the other hand. “一方面；另一方面”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤其对立的观点、思想等。(2)for one thing.; for another (thing).“首先；其次”，所述两个方面的情况常常一致。 whe
51、ther.or.无论是还是，不管是还是(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.无论是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。基础练习单句语法填空(山东卷)It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(2018北京卷)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not a
52、bout competition or whether or not I was athletic.能力提升完成句子(牛津词典)不管成功与否，我们确实已尽了最大努力。Whether_we_are_successful_or_not,_we can be sure that we did our best.(让步状语从句)究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待验证。Whether_it_will_do_us_harm_or_good_remains to be seen.(主语从句)(1)whether .or .“无论是还是， 不管是还是”， 引导让步状语从句。(2)whether .or .也可
53、引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。(3)whether也可和or not 连用。 佳句背诵 Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.你儿子可能不是他队里最好的篮球运动员。但是如果他每天都在那里努力训练，不管他的球队是赢还是输，你都应该对他的努力提出表扬。(2019浙江卷6月) p
54、rovided that引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，倘若”(教材P12)Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.第三，你们说如果我预付货款就有折扣。基础练习单句语法填空Ill agree to go to that famous city provided(provide) that my expenses are paid.Given(give) that flights are fully booked on that daywhich other day could we go?能
55、力提升一句多译只要你把作业做完，你就可以出去玩。You can go out to play as_long_as_you_finish_your_homework(as long as)You can go out to play on_condition_that_you_finish_your_homework(on condition that)You can go out to play provided_that_you_finish_your_homework(provided that)此句中的provided that为连词，表示“如果，倘若”，引导条件状语从句，that可以
56、省去，也可用providing替换provided。与之同义的结构还有suppose/supposing that/given that/assuming that/as long as/on condition that等。 佳句背诵 Provided that there is no objection, we will begin the next item.如果没有异议，我们将开始下一个项目。Providing that he can win the support of most of his classmates, he will be elected monitor.如果他能赢得
57、大多数同学的支持，他就会被选为班长。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1(2018天津卷)It took him a long time to acquire(acquisition) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.2He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded(surround)3My horse turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly(tight)
58、and tried not to fall.4It is impossible to say with any accuracy(accurate) how many are affected.5With the levels of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly, the global(globe) temperature continues going up.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1It is reported that a mine accident happened in a town in Shanxi Provin
59、ce.2The boss asked us to keep him informed of whats going on in the company.3We have been training our students to adjust themselves to the life here.4Provided/Providing that they refuse our plan，who else can you turn to for help?5You may even catch sight of a polar bear on the ice.维度三易错混用(改正下列句子中的错
60、误)1The old man has adjusted himself to live in this big city since he came here.liveliving2Being a foreigner，Mike did not catch on the joke at the time.在on后加to3Provide that the price is reasonable，I will buy the secondhand car.ProvideProvided/Providing4He likes the kind of car，which has guaranteed f
61、or one year for parts and labor.在has后加been5The teacher would inform the woman any progress that her son made at school.在any前加of维度四语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1We offered our sincere congratulations to her when she finally graduated from college.祝贺2Surrounded by the sea on three sides, modern Qingdao is consi
62、dered one of the most livable cities in China.包围；环绕3(2018全国卷)On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didnt know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.告知；通知4Only when one is in good health can he guarantee efficient learning. 保证5As an old saying goes, “Ha
63、ppiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”不存在提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)As a candidate, David worked very hard to attain his target. On the one hand, he adjusted 1.himself(him) to the new surroundings. On the other hand, he kept himself 2.informed(inf
64、orm) of the latest news. Besides, 3.to_ensure(ensure) adequate chances to speak, he registered for classes online, 4.because he was aware that it was hard to learn English well 5.in the absence of native speakers. 6.What surprised all was that he not merely attended classes 7.punctually(punctual) an
65、d read books adapted for beginners, but he also 8.enlarged(enlarge) his vocabulary through different 9.media(medium). At last, his hard work 10.paid(pay) off and all of his friends congratulated him on his progress.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)在当今社会，说流利的英语对我们非常重要。It is very impor
66、tant for us to speak_fluent_English in todays world.要掌握一门外语，我认为扩大词汇量是必不可少的。To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think it_is_essential_to_enlarge_our_vocabulary我们应该尽量置身于母语是英语的人的包围之中。We should try_to_be_surrounded_by_those_native_speakers我们不能太依赖母语。We shouldnt rely_on_our_mother_tongue_
67、too_much只要我们坚持努力练习，迟早我们会脱颖而出的。If we keep practicing English, we will stand_out_sooner_or_later2升级平淡句用“be of名词”升级句It_is_of_great_importance_for_us_to_speak_fluent_English_in_todays_world.用as long as引导条件状语从句升级句As_long_as_we_keep_practicing_English,_we_will_stand_out_sooner_or_later.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词
68、汇：first of all, secondly, lastly)_One possible version：It is of great importance for us to speak fluent English in todays world. To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think, first of all, it is essential to enlarge our vocabulary. Secondly, we should try to be surrounded by those nati
69、ve speakers. Lastly, we shouldnt rely on our mother tongue too much. As long as we keep practicing English, we will stand out sooner or later.课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020太原模拟)Gabriellas family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops
70、 two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriellas parents are likely to be sub
71、ordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has gi
72、ven a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. Its well known that the brains left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical p
73、eriod hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens
74、development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didnt have the good fortune of learning a second lang
75、uage like a child, its never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更加聪明、更加健康、更活跃；学习外语永远不迟。1Why is Gabriellas family used as the exam
76、ple in Paragraph 1?ATo show that the family are bilinguals.BTo explain the advantages of bilinguals.CTo illustrate the three types of bilinguals.DTo prove all ages can learn foreign languages.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。2Why do the ch
77、ildren learn languages more easily than adults?ABecause they learn languages with a set of concepts.BBecause they use both hemispheres to learn languages.CBecause their mother tongue doesnt influence them much.DBecause they can easily translate one language into another.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children
78、learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个大脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个大脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。3Which of the following best explain
79、s the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?ADisease.BDisability.CDisadvantage. DIllness.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“f
80、orcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。4What can we infer from the text?AThe left brain is more important for language learning.BLearning languages can promote the brain development.CThe proficiency of language becomes weak gradually
81、with age.DImmigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一项研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明。它确实会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，学习语言会促进大脑
82、的发展，故B项正确。B(2020郑州高三第二次质量预测)Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Che
83、atham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinesespeaking friends. While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it
84、 will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.“People are looking at
85、 China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “Were seeing it in all parts of the country.”Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in publ
86、ic and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.At the same
87、 time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Cla
88、ssrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。5Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?AMandarin was easier to learn than Latin.BMandarin could be helpful to his future career.CMand
89、arin might help him learn more about China.DMandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham认为学习普通话对他的未来
90、职业有帮助，所以才决定学习普通话。6The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_”Aa slight advantage Bthe outside limitCa sharp tone of voice Dan exciting qualityA解析：词义猜测题。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by
91、a billion people”可知，随着中国的发展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的优势，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故画线词意为“优势”，与A项含义相近。7Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?AMandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.BThose skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.CThe US
92、governments policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.DAmericans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.C解析：推理判断题。根据语境尤其是对第六段的整体理解可推知，在Marty Abbott看来，美国政府的政策有助于普通话在美国的推广。8What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?AThe rising popularity of Mandarin among Am
93、erican students.BThe great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.CThe influence of Chinas growing power on American education.DThe effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.A解析：主旨大意题。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是普通话在美国学生中日益流行的现象，这与最后一段的进一步论述呼应。故选A。 完形填空(2020信阳高三调研)In a cl
94、ean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon _1_ forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you _2_ so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a _3_”Flash came into my _4_ when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog
95、 home, he _5_ my family with joy.Then, _6_ happened. My mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my _7_， passed away. My sister developed Crohns disease and while being tested, _8_ a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to _9_ classes and avoid
96、seeing people.Flash soon gave me all the _10_ he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no _11_， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. I knew he was _12_ there for me. I knew he understood.Now after 15 years, Flash was _13_. I thought doing charity work was the
97、 best reward for him. I _14_ in a nonprofit organization in Southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to _15_ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the _16_ I had been on, and even accept the _17_ bits.I still miss Flash. It was him that had somehow _18
98、_ me to help others. Flashs death was one of the _19_ moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that _20_ who I wasin the best possible wayforever.【解题导语】陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲绝，因为它曾经在“我”人生最艰难的时期陪伴“我”；狗离开“我”之后，“我”开始思考如何回报它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服务行列。1A.open BcloseCshine DfadeB解析：根据本段第一句中的“my best
99、 friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即将永远闭上。故选B。2A.brought BtoldCsaved DowedA解析：根据第二段的内容可知，“我”九岁时，Flash走进“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此处表示它曾经给“我”带来了那么多的快乐。故选A。3A.relief BchanceCbonus DrewardD解析：根据第五段中的“I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，为了报答Flash的陪伴，“我”将尽自己的能力做一些事情回报它。故选D。4A.mind BroomCwor
100、ld DpowerC解析：根据下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九岁时，Flash进入“我”的世界。故选C。5A.helped BfilledCprotected DdecoratedB解析：根据语境可知，Flash让“我”的家充满欢乐。故选B。6A.disasters BstoriesCwonders DmistakesA解析：根据下文可知，母亲患了癌症，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在学校受到同学的欺负。由此可知，“我”的家庭经历了一系列不幸的事情，故选A。7A.burden BtroubleCstrength Dch
101、allengeC解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，祖母当时是“我”的力量源泉。故选C。8A.caused BnoticedCfought DsufferedD解析：根据该句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹当时在检查的过程中，遭受了心脏病的折磨。故选D。9A.skip BgiveCtake DenjoyA解析：根据该句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”当时在学校受到欺负，并且开始避开人群。由此可推知，“我”当时开始逃课。故选A。10A.comment Bcomfort
102、Cexpectation DrelaxationB解析：根据该段中的“ease me”和“I knew he understood.”可知，Flash给了“我”极大的安慰。故选B。11A.hope BtimeCmoney DuseA解析：根据第三段的内容可知，“我”曾经遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”时常感到生活没有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可爱的脸庞总是能让“我”感到宽慰。故选A。12A.frequently BsometimesChardly DalwaysD解析：根据上文可知，Flash总是能够在“我”最困难的时候，一直陪伴“我”。故选D。13A.aging BgoneCmissing
103、 DdesertedB解析：根据本文第一句并结合该句可知，现在，15年后，Flash去世了。故选B。14A.searched BcompetedCvolunteered DperformedC解析：根据下文中的“a nonprofit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非营利机构工作。故选C。15A.attending to Bmeeting withCtalking about Dbringing upA解析：根据下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”贡献了大约3 500个小
104、时来照看有特殊需要的孩子。故选A。A项意为“照料”。16A.earth BjourneyCholiday DstreetB解析：根据上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通过志愿者服务，“我”的生活完全变了，“我”开始喜欢自己过去所经历的旅程，甚至接受了最难接受的那些事情。故选B。17A.fantastic BabsurdChard DpleasantC解析：参见上题解析。18A.led BforcedCtrained DpersuadedA解析：根据空前一句“I still miss Flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment
105、”可知，Flash引导“我”去帮助他人。故选A。19A.fullest BcraziestCtiniest DsaddestD解析：根据第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，Flash的去世是“我”人生中最难过的时刻之一。故选D。20A.explained BtransformedCadmitted DdescribedB解析：根据第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并结合本段内容可知，Flash的去世也是让“我”发生改变的时刻。故选B。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解A(2020合肥重点高中摸底)Most dog owners a
106、re convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word
107、“fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dogs mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owners voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlantas Emory University seems to indicate that “mans best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.The researchers began by
108、asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dogs language skill by first calling out the
109、 names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadnt seen before.The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns whe
110、n they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understa
111、nding how dogs process language.Something even more interesting was that the dogs brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say
112、 the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.However, though a pet ma
113、y understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because thats what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dogs view, however, a visual command might be more effective, h
114、elping the dog learn the trick faster.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。1Whats the purpose of the new study?ATo convince dog owners to understand their dogs.BTo advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.CTo prove dogs follow owners order by listening.DTo test out how dogs get information from
115、owners.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlantas Emory University seems to indicate that mans best friend does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明， “人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。2What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?A
116、Inform the result of the research.BState the process of the research.CStress the importance of the research.DIntroduce the subjects of the research.B解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different mate
117、rials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。3How do human brains and dog brains react to words?AHuman brains become active in unfamiliar words.BDog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.CHuman brains are not sensitive to familiar
118、 words.DDog brains show no response to familiar words.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting.This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。4What do scientists advise the owners
119、to do in dog training?AGive dogs oral commands.BTeach dogs new tricks.CInvolve sight and smell.DEncourage faster learning.C解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故
120、C项正确。B(2020贵阳适应性考试一)Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new
121、study.Almost twothirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a citys culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particular
122、ly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didnt travel because of the problem.The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on th
123、e wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.If languages werent an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and
124、 April, compared to this time last year.“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on
125、earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention worldclass cuisine！”They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, youll realize that people will go out of their way to help you en
126、joy their country. There really are few barriersroad signs and train stations are in English, youll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they dont, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”【解题导语】本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。5What do we know from the first two paragr
127、aphs?ABrits are poor at languages.BBrits regret what they have done.CBrits like relying on others.DBrits are good at languages.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选
128、A。6How many Brits cant order food correctly because of language barriers?AAbout 10%.BAbout 12%.CAbout 20%. DAbout 21%.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障
129、碍不能正确点餐，故选C。7How is the text mainly developed?ABy analyzing causes. BBy giving examples.CBy making description. DBy listing data.D解析：写作手法题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D。 七选五(2020合肥第二次质检)Whats the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relations
130、hips, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1._ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian(爬行动物的) brai
131、n that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “look good”. Lets just face it. 2._ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patienceanger, impatience,
132、blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutionswe try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the o
133、utside thing thats the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3._Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us dont really realize it when we are feeling even the smallestbut very presentpainful feelings. 4._ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about whats actually hap
134、pening in the moment inside you. Focusing on whats actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting whats happening, the resistance.5_ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is w
135、hat happens to me when Im bothered.” You can say to yourself, “Its true. I dont like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”APractice positive selftalk.BSo the solution to pain is an inside job.CPatience abilities benefit you in many ways.DLearn to forgive yourself for being impatient i
136、n hard times.EWe ignore the fact that were in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.FThe urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habitforming.GEffective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有
137、效的方法。1G解析：根据空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will. hard times.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。2F解析：根据空后的“So the first step. blame and shame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。3B解析：根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is
138、not the outside thing thats the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。4E解析：根据空前一句“Most of us dont really realize it. painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about whats actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关
139、注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。5A解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。 语法填空(2020长春质量监测一)It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fastfood restaurants cooking burgers and 1._(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 2._， the scene is becoming less common.Instead of finding
140、 summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 3._(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this change partly results 4._the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesnt live up to t
141、heir 5._(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers increasing interest in education 6._(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 7._they might not have time for after they leave school, which 8._(consider) as a wise choice.Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit tee
142、nagers. Early work experience is 9._human activity that develops peoples social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 10._(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.【解题导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。1cleaning解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.结
143、构的宾语。2However解析：考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。3their解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词free time，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。4from解析：考查固定搭配。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。result from “(由而)造成”为固定搭配。5expectations解析：考查词性转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“th
144、eir”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，表示“他们的那些期望”。6accounts解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，且主语是US teenagers increasing interest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式accounts。7what解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。8is considered解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。9a解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。10practical解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical “实用的”。