1、核心素养测评二十五 Module 1 British and American English. 阅读理解A(2020阜阳模拟)Darwin noted that some human emotional expressions might have started as part of a physiological function: for example, exposing the teeth to bite food. The function, however, took on meaning and became a form of communication which sig
2、nals anger. The same may be true for the animals. Baby monkeys cry for attention. They also cry to signal to an adult that they want to be carried. “Chimpanzees do make upset voice when they are being weaned (断奶) by their mothers or have lost their mothers or another individual, ” says Anne Pusey, a
3、 professor at the University of Minnesota. “They whimper (呜咽) and cry and scream. When we hear these calls, the emotion involved seems obvious. However, they do not weep in the sense of producing tears. I have seen an adolescent male whimpering when he lost sight of his older brother with whom he ha
4、d been traveling. ”Babies of many mammalian species, including rats, cry. Moreover, when a baby rat cries, often his mother brings the fallen pup back into the nest. This is probably a straightforward communication, as it is with humans. However, psychologists at the University of Iowa arent convinc
5、ed. The Iowan researchers can cause the same crying sounds by producing large decreases and then increases in blood flow. The blood flow also goes down when baby rats get cold. Thus, they conclude baby rats cry in the same way that we sneeze. Of course the rat baby could be crying because hes cold a
6、nd wants his mother to know. “All young mammals make cries when separated from their mother, ” says Jaak Panksepp, a psychologist at Bowling Green State University. “If youre willing to call this crying, then certainly other animals show this emotional response. ” he says, “Some of us take seriously
7、 that animals do have emotions. ”【文章大意】达尔文说过, 最初人类的身体反应可能成为情绪表达的方式。动物也是如此。本文列举了一些动物的“哭”的行为表达了它们的情绪。1. According to the first paragraph, what kind of emotion does “exposing the teeth” express? A. Disappointment. B. Excitement. C. Anger. D. Happiness. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“一开始这一行为是吃的功能, 到后来有了它的含义, 表达的是愤怒
8、的交流方式”, 故选C项。2. Which is one probable reason why young chimpanzees might be crying? A. They meet their brother. B. They have nothing to eat. C. They are being breast-fed. D. They are parted from their mothers. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的第一句Chimpanzees do make upset voice when they are being weaned by their
9、 mothers or have lost their mothers or another individual, 可知要给它们断奶或失去妈妈时, 它们的确发出不安的声音。故选D项。3. Under what circumstance will baby rats cry just like humans sneeze? A. Their blood flow is decreased. B. They feel cold and long for affection. C. Their blood flow is increased. D. Their mother brings them
10、 back home. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后两句话可知, baby rats之所以哭是因为它们冷了, 想要妈妈知道。故选B项。4. Where is the passage most likely taken from? A. An animal journal. B. A physiology book. C. A health magazineD. A cultural newspaper. 【解析】选A。文章出处题。人类的身体反应可能成为情绪表达的方式。动物也是如此。列举了一些动物的“哭”的行为表达了它们的情绪。故选A项。【知识拓展】长难句分析Thus, th
11、ey conclude baby rats cry in the same way that we sneeze. 分析: conclude后引导一个宾语从句, 在宾语从句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词way。翻译: 因此, 他们得出结论: 老鼠宝宝哭的方式和我们打喷嚏的方式一样。BConsiderable advances have been made in machine translation that uses artificial intelligence, to the point that it now provides the average English skill le
12、vel of a university graduate. How much might machines be able to achieve in the future? For what purpose, and to what extent, should the Japanese develop their English skills? Until now, machine translation has been used in place of a dictionary when reading and writing English, but it hasnt been us
13、able to comprehend or compose larger texts. Machine translation using AI made its first appearance in autumn last year, and from my point of view as a translator, its not uncommon for English compositions produced by such machine translation to be better than those produced by unaided Japanese stude
14、nts. However, it also has weak points. It cant check for mistranslations, mistakes or languages it doesnt understand. The accuracy of AI translation is high for relatively formal texts, but it cant be used for things like more casual texts, conversational text within novels, and song lyrics. Further
15、, it does not translate with a firm grasp of the meaning of the text that it is translating. For example, translations such as “I was born in 2001, and my younger sister was born in 2000” can occur. Why do we currently teach English to all Japanese children? I think there are two answers to that. Th
16、e first reason is to build character: English for general education. By gaining an understanding of overseas politics, economics, society and culture, and drawing comparisons with Japan, they can come to understand Japan better. Similarly, they can understand the Japanese language more deeply by com
17、paring it with English. The second reason is that English is useful. It has practical uses, and allows global communication. There are a wide variety of business uses for English, and it can also be used to communicate with foreigners visiting Japan. It further allows people to gather information fr
18、om overseas reports. Ever since the Meiji period (明治时期) the original and main aim of Japanese people learning English has been to learn about overseas technologies. 【文章大意】通过讲述机器翻译的利与弊, 引出不如让日本孩子学英语的话题, 并举出学英语的好处。5. What is the disadvantage of machine translation? A. It can provide the average Englis
19、h skill. B. It can be used as a normal dictionary. C. It can be used to translate English. D. It cannot be used in some longer texts. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中的but it hasnt been usable to comprehend or compose larger texts可知选D项。6. Why does the author suggest that all Japanese children learn English?
20、A. Because English can help children learn Chinese and Japanese well. B. Because the author himself is an English teacher in a school. C. Because learning English can make Japanese children more knowledgeable. D. Because learning English is a tradition in Japan. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。在文章的最后三段讲到了日本的孩子要学英语的原因,
21、 利用排除法可知选C项。7. What was the first aim for Japanese to learn English? A. To learn about foreign technologies. B. To talk about Japan with foreigners. C. To pass all kinds of exams. D. To communicate with AI translators. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句Ever since the Meiji period the original and main aim of Ja
22、panese people learning English has been to learn about overseas technologies. 可知日本人学英语的最原始的目的是从国外学习科学技术。故选A项。8. What is the authors attitude towards learning English? A. Its no use learning English in modern times. B. Its enough to use a machine to help translate English. C. It is of great importanc
23、e for people to learn English. D. It is the translators duty to learn English. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通过讲述机器翻译的弊端, 引出了让日本的孩子学习英语这个话题, 并列举了学习英语的好处。故选C项。【知识拓展】长难句分析Considerable advances have been made in machine translation that uses artificial intelligence, to the point that it now provides the average English
24、 skill level of a university graduate. 分析: 第一个that引导的定语从句修饰machine translation; 第二个that引导的定语从句修饰point。本句话使用的“make advances to. . . 取得进步到”的被动语态形式。翻译: 利用人工智能的机器翻译已经取得很大的发展, 现在到了一个普通大学毕业生的英语水平的程度。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Although your eyes are designed to be used 24 hours a day
25、, focusing on small items for a long period of time, perhaps while reading or working on a computer, commonly causes eye strain. There are things you can do to help avoid and treat eye strain. 1 You can try the practice known as cupping. Rub your hands together to make them warm. Put your hands over
26、 your eyes and close them. Breathe normally and relax with your palms on your eyes for 5 to 10 minutes. When you stare at close distances for long periods of time, you should follow these eye relaxation techniques. 2 If not, you can overly strain the ciliary muscle(睫状肌) of your eye, which is the one
27、 that control the lens(晶状体) during the work of eyesight at a distance. You can also make yourself nearsighted, either temporarily or permanently. Blinking provides a break for our eyes, but is often disregarded due to our heavy and long workloads. 3 To help with this, train yourself to blink more of
28、ten to prevent dryness. Some eye strain occurs because you look at things for too long without a break, such as a computer screen or book. 4 Try to use the 20-20-20 rule, which means that every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and focus on something else thats 20 feet away. 5 To do this, roll your
29、 eyes slowly side to side, and up and down. Repeat this three to five times. Perform these exercises a couple of times each day, especially if you are working for a long time. A. Blinking also cleanses your eyes. B. It can also help with eye strain caused by dryness. C. When your eyes are tired, try
30、 relaxation techniques. D. The pressure on your eyes should be light and comfortable. E. Take breaks and sit with your eyes closed for a few seconds to avoid eye strain. F. To help strengthen your eye muscles, you should exercise the muscles in your eyes. G. You should frequently increase the distan
31、ce between you and the object you focus on. 【文章大意】本文介绍了保护眼睛的方法。1. 【解析】选C。根据本段的内容特别是最后一句中的relax, 可知当眼睛疲劳时, 试用下放松技巧。故选C项。2. 【解析】选G。结合上一句“如果近距离地长时间看一个东西, 应该采用下面的方法放松”和下文的make yourself nearsighted可知你要离物体远一些, 故选G项。3. 【解析】选B。根据下面一句“要勤眨眼避免眼干涩”可知上一句应该是说“眨眼可以缓解眼干涩导致的眼疲劳”, 故选B项。4. 【解析】选E。上文“有些眼疲劳是因为长时间盯着屏幕或书不
32、休息造成的”和下文告诉我们一种用眼模式, 可知, 要经常休息以避免眼疲劳。故选E项。5. 【解析】选F。结合下文讲该如何让眼睛运动可知应填入做眼保健操的内容, 故选F项。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. strainn. 重负; 劳损2. cuppingn. 拔火罐; 杯吸法3. blinkv. 眨眼睛4. temporarilyadv. 暂时地5. permanentlyadv. 永久地. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下
33、面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。Hi, David, many thank for your e-mail of March 2. Im so gladly to learn that you are leaving Calgary for China this summer vacation and come to my school for a visit. Here is what you can get to my
34、 school. After walking out the airport, you can go along the road. And at the second crossing, please turning left and cross the bridge. Walk to eastward until you see Galaxy Hotel, next to which lie my school, Guangming High School. Its only about fifteen minutes walk from an airport to my school.
35、Im sure youll have no trouble finding them. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句中的thankthanks。根据前面的形容词many可知要用复数形式。2. 【解析】第二句中的gladlyglad。根据句子结构可知glad应为句中的表语, 故用形容词形式。3. 【解析】第二句中的comecoming。that引导的结构状语从句中leaving和and后的come是并列的谓语动词, 形式应保持一致。4. 【解析】第三句中的whathow。根据句意并结合句子结构分析此处应该缺少方式状语, 故用副词how。5. 【解析】第四句在out后加of。of 表示“从出来”,
36、 其中out为副词, 是不能接宾语的, 故加上介词of。6. 【解析】第五句中的turningturn。此句为祈使句, 故使用动词原形。7. 【解析】第六句去掉eastward前的to。 eastward为副词, 其前面不需要介词。8. 【解析】第六句中的lielies。分析句子结构可知, 这个定语从句中使用了全部倒装语序, 主语是my school决定谓语动词使用第三人称。9. 【解析】第七句中的anthe。根据句意“从机场到我的学校只有15分钟的路程”可知机场前应使用定冠词the。10. 【解析】第八句中的themit。根据上下文可知“你会毫不费力地找到我的学校”, 故改为it, 代指my school。